鄭蘇 彭力
[摘要] 目的 探討神經(jīng)干刺激聯(lián)合任務(wù)導(dǎo)向訓(xùn)練對(duì)腦卒中患者下肢運(yùn)動(dòng)功能的影響。 方法 選取湖北省十堰市太和醫(yī)院康復(fù)中心2016年1月~2018年12月符合納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的80例患者,按照入院先后分為四組,每組各20例。A組給予神經(jīng)內(nèi)科腦卒中常規(guī)藥物治療,B組在A組的基礎(chǔ)上給予神經(jīng)干刺激治療,C組在A組的基礎(chǔ)上給予任務(wù)導(dǎo)向訓(xùn)練治療,D組在A組的基礎(chǔ)上給予神經(jīng)干刺激聯(lián)合任務(wù)導(dǎo)向訓(xùn)練治療,每組各20例。治療前和治療3個(gè)療程后,各組進(jìn)行Fugl-Meyer評(píng)定量表(FMA)、Berg平衡量表(BBS)、改良Barthel指數(shù)(MBI)及三維步態(tài)評(píng)定。 結(jié)果 治療前四組三維步態(tài)各參數(shù)、FMA、BBS、MBI比較,差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P > 0.05)。與治療前比較,A組三維步態(tài)各參數(shù)、FMA、BBS、MBI差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P > 0.05),B組、C組和D組三維步態(tài)參數(shù)、FMA、BBS、MBI差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(均P < 0.05)。治療后,B組、C組和D組三維步態(tài)各參數(shù)及FMA、BBS、MBI明顯高于A組,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(均P < 0.05),且D組高于B組和C組,差異均有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(均P < 0.05)。 結(jié)論 神經(jīng)干刺激聯(lián)合任務(wù)導(dǎo)向訓(xùn)練可以改善腦卒中偏癱下肢FMA、BBS、MBI評(píng)分,改善三維步態(tài)各參數(shù),提高患者的下肢運(yùn)動(dòng)能力、平衡協(xié)調(diào)能力和生活能力,提高患者的康復(fù)療效。
[關(guān)鍵詞] 神經(jīng)干刺療法;任務(wù)導(dǎo)向訓(xùn)練;腦卒中;下肢;運(yùn)動(dòng)功能;三維步態(tài)
[中圖分類號(hào)] R49? ? ? ? ? [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼] A? ? ? ? ? [文章編號(hào)] 1673-7210(2020)05(b)-0073-05
The influence of neural stem stimulation combined with task-oriented training for lower extremity motor function in stroke patients with hemiplegia and three-dimensional gait
ZHENG Su1? ?PENG Li2
1.Department of Medical, Shiyan Taihe Hospital? Affiliated Taihe Hospital of Hubei University of Medicine, Hubei Province, Shiyan? ?442000, China; 2.Hospital Affairs Office, Shiyan Traditional Chinese Medicine Hospital, Hubei Province, Shiyan? ?442000, China
[Abstract] Objective To explore the effect of neural stem stimulation combined with task-oriented training on lower limb motor function in patients with stroke. Methods A total of 80 patients who met the inclusion criteria from January 2016 to December 2018 in the Rehabilitation Center of Shiyan Taihe Hospital were selected. They were divided into 4 groups according to the admission order, with 20 cases in each group. Group A was given conventional drug treatment for stroke in department of neurology, group B was treated with nerve stem stimulation on the basis of group A, group C was given task-oriented training treatment on the basis of group A, group D was treated with nerve stem stimulation combined with task-oriented training on the basis of group A. Fugl-meyer assessment (FMA), berg balance scale (BBS), modified barthel index (MBI) and three-dimensional gait assessment were performed in each group before and after 3 courses of treatment. Results Before the treatment, the three-dimensional gait parameters, FMA, BBS and MBI of the four groups were compared, and there was no statistically significant difference (P > 0.05). Compared with before treatment, there were no statistically significant differences in three-dimensional gait parameters, FMA, BBS and MBI in group A (P > 0.05), while there were statistically significant differences in three-dimensional gait parameters, FMA, BBS and MBI in group B, group C and group D (all P < 0.05). After treatment, the three-dimensional gait parameters, FMA, BBS and MBI of group B, group C and group D were significantly higher than that of group A, with statistically significant differences (all P < 0.05), and group D was higher than group B and group C, with statistically significant differences (all P < 0.05). Conclusion Neural stem stimulation combined with task-oriented training can improve the FMA, BBS, and MBI scores of the lower limbs of hemiplegia after stroke, improve the three-dimensional gait parameters, enhance the lower limb movement ability, balance coordination ability and living ability of patients, and improve the rehabilitation effect of patients.
3 討論
偏癱是腦卒中最常見的后遺癥之一,尤其是功能障礙更為多見[10]。腦卒中后偏癱患者因運(yùn)動(dòng)功能異常,導(dǎo)致異常步態(tài),從而增加跌倒等風(fēng)險(xiǎn),同時(shí)對(duì)患者生活能力及質(zhì)量產(chǎn)生嚴(yán)重影響,增加了患者的經(jīng)濟(jì)負(fù)擔(dān)[11]。因此,如何積極有效地改善腦卒中患者的運(yùn)動(dòng)功能尤其是下肢的運(yùn)動(dòng)功能,提高步行能力,是卒中后偏癱患者的康復(fù)治療的首要目標(biāo)和患方的迫切需求[12-16]。
神經(jīng)干刺激療法是在傳統(tǒng)針灸的基礎(chǔ)上結(jié)合現(xiàn)代醫(yī)學(xué)神經(jīng)解剖理論形成的一種針刺療法[17]。通過對(duì)神經(jīng)干刺激,可以誘發(fā)神經(jīng)沖動(dòng),引起腦部高級(jí)中樞系統(tǒng)反應(yīng),從而改善腦部血液循環(huán)、促進(jìn)神經(jīng)遞質(zhì)釋放等[18]。有研究顯示[19],神經(jīng)干刺激療法可以改善腦卒中患者的腦電活動(dòng),并且提高腦皮層興奮,從而促進(jìn)腦功能的恢復(fù)。通過針刺刺激神經(jīng)干刺激點(diǎn),可引起神經(jīng)所支配的區(qū)域的肌肉進(jìn)行收縮,產(chǎn)生相對(duì)應(yīng)得動(dòng)作,從而改善患者肢體的運(yùn)動(dòng)功能[19]。本研究選取橈神經(jīng)點(diǎn)近似于手陽(yáng)明大腸經(jīng)的五腧穴的合穴曲池穴,臂叢點(diǎn)近似于手陽(yáng)明大腸經(jīng)扶突穴,尺神經(jīng)點(diǎn)近似于手太陽(yáng)小腸經(jīng)合穴小海穴,腓總神經(jīng)點(diǎn)近似于足少陽(yáng)膽經(jīng)合穴、八會(huì)穴筋會(huì)的陽(yáng)陵泉穴、股神經(jīng)點(diǎn)近似于足太陰脾經(jīng)的沖門穴,諸神經(jīng)點(diǎn)刺激既符合“治痿獨(dú)取陽(yáng)明”“風(fēng)取三陽(yáng)”的理論,同時(shí)配合“陰經(jīng)”,共奏調(diào)和陰陽(yáng)、疏經(jīng)通絡(luò)之功。且可以促進(jìn)神經(jīng)支配的肌肉進(jìn)行收縮,從而產(chǎn)生相應(yīng)的動(dòng)作,改善患者肢體的運(yùn)動(dòng)功能[20]。任務(wù)導(dǎo)向訓(xùn)練是以目標(biāo)為導(dǎo)向的一種功能性活動(dòng)訓(xùn)練,是通過反復(fù)的訓(xùn)練從而對(duì)大腦的功能進(jìn)行重塑[21]。在訓(xùn)練中設(shè)定一定的目標(biāo),可以提高患者主動(dòng)參與的積極性和成就感,同時(shí)可以讓患者在訓(xùn)練中不斷思考和學(xué)習(xí),從而提高患者的認(rèn)識(shí)[22-25]。腦卒中偏癱患者在任務(wù)導(dǎo)向訓(xùn)練中,通過對(duì)目標(biāo)和任務(wù)信息的判斷,可以促進(jìn)腦神經(jīng)對(duì)運(yùn)動(dòng)的支配,利于運(yùn)動(dòng)模式的完善,同時(shí)可以促進(jìn)運(yùn)動(dòng)功能的恢復(fù)[26]。
本研究采用神經(jīng)干刺激療法結(jié)合任務(wù)導(dǎo)向訓(xùn)練治療腦卒中偏癱患者,并觀察其對(duì)下肢運(yùn)動(dòng)功能的影響。結(jié)果顯示:治療后FMA、BBS和MBI比較,D組高于B組和C組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P < 0.05),且在治療后步頻、步態(tài)周期、步幅等三維步態(tài)參比較,D組高于B組和C組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P < 0.05)。由此可知,神經(jīng)干刺激療法結(jié)合任務(wù)導(dǎo)向訓(xùn)練能明顯提高腦卒中偏癱患者的運(yùn)動(dòng)功能、平衡協(xié)調(diào)能力和生活能力,矯正異常偏癱步態(tài),提高患者的臨床療效,促進(jìn)患者下肢能力的康復(fù)。
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(收稿日期:2019-11-06? 本文編輯:劉永巧)