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右美托咪定用于功能性鼻內(nèi)鏡手術(shù)術(shù)中控制性降壓有效性和安全性的Meta分析

2020-07-09 10:47王麗孫文沖裴凌
中國藥房 2020年5期
關(guān)鍵詞:Meta分析右美托咪定

王麗 孫文沖 裴凌

中圖分類號 R765.9 文獻標(biāo)志碼 A 文章編號 1001-0408(2020)05-0617-05

DOI 10.6039/j.issn.1001-0408.2020.05.22

摘 要 目的:系統(tǒng)評價右美托咪定對比其他控制性降壓藥用于功能性鼻內(nèi)鏡手術(shù)術(shù)中控制性降壓的有效性和安全性,為其臨床應(yīng)用提供循證參考。方法:計算機檢索PubMed、EBSCO、Springer、Ovid、Cochrane 圖書館、中國期刊全文數(shù)據(jù)庫、中文科技期刊數(shù)據(jù)庫、萬方數(shù)據(jù)庫獲取相關(guān)文獻,同時手工檢索相關(guān)專業(yè)雜志并追溯納入文獻的參考文獻,收集右美托咪定(試驗組)對比其他控制性降壓藥物(對照組)用于鼻內(nèi)鏡手術(shù)術(shù)中控制性降壓的有效性和安全性的隨機對照試驗(RCT)。對符合標(biāo)準(zhǔn)的文獻進行資料提取,并采用改良Jadad質(zhì)量記分法評價納入文獻的方法學(xué)質(zhì)量后,采用Rev Man 5.3統(tǒng)計學(xué)軟件進行Meta分析。結(jié)果:共納入8項RCT,合計497例患者。Meta分析結(jié)果顯示,與對照組比較,試驗組降壓藥補充患者數(shù)比例[OR=0.37,95%CI(0.21,0.65),P=? 0.000 6]和術(shù)中出血量 [MD=-77.74,95%CI(-99.52,-55.96),P<0.001]更少,拔管時平均動脈壓[MD=-13.40,95%CI(-16.24,? ?-10.56),P<0.001]和拔管時心率[MD=-30.13,95%CI(-33.40,-26.87),P<0.001]等血流動力學(xué)更穩(wěn)定,F(xiàn)romme術(shù)野質(zhì)量評分更低[MD=-0.80,95%CI(-0.96,-0.65),P<0.001],寒顫[OR=0.37,95%CI(0.18,0.75),P=0.006]和惡心嘔吐[OR=0.28,95%CI(0.14,0.59),P=0.008]等不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生率更低。結(jié)論:右美托咪定在鼻內(nèi)鏡手術(shù)術(shù)中控制性降壓的效果和安全性具有一定優(yōu)勢。

關(guān)鍵詞 右美托咪定;控制性降壓;功能性鼻內(nèi)鏡手術(shù);Meta分析

Effectiveness and Safety of Dexmedetomidine for Controlled Hypotension during Functional Nasal Endoscopic Surgery: A Meta-analysis

WANG Li,SUN Wenchong,PEI Ling(Dept. of Anesthesiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110001, China)

ABSTRACT? ?OBJECTIVE: To systematically evaluate the effectiveness and safety of dexmedetomidine versus other controlled hypotension drugs for functional nasal endoscopic surgery, and to provide evidence-based reference for clinic. METHODS: Retrieved from PubMed, EBSCO, Springer, Ovid, Cochrane library, CJFD, VIP, Wanfang database, relevant journals and references of the included literature were also searched manually. RCTs about the effectiveness and safety of dexmedetomidine (trial group) versus other controlled hypotension drugs (control group) for functional nasal endoscopic surgery were collected. After data extraction of included literatures, quality evaluation with modified Jada quality scoring method, Meta-analysis was performed by using Rev Man 5.3 software. RERULTS: A total of 8 RCTs involving 497 patients were included. Meta-analysis results showed that compared with control group, the ratio patients of hypotensive drug supplement [OR=-0.37, 95%CI(0.21,0.65), P=0.000 6] and the bleeding volume [MD=-77.74, 95%CI(-99.52,-55.96), P<0.001] of trial groups were lower; hemodynamics such as MAP during extubation [MD=-13.40, 95%CI(-16.24,-10.56), P<0.001] and heart rate during extubation [MD=-33.13,95%CI(-33.40, -26.87),P<0.001] was more stable during extubation; quality score of Fromme surgical field was higher [MD=-0.80, 95%CI(-0.96,-0.65), P<0.001]; while the incidence of chill [OR=0.37, 95%CI(0.18,0.75), P=0.006], nausea and vomit [OR=0.28, 95%CI(0.14, 0.59), P=0.008] were lower. CONCLUSIONS: Dexmedetomidine has a certain advantage than routine drugs for controlled hypotension during nasal endoscopic surgery, and with better safety.

2.3.3 拔管時的血流動力學(xué)改變 ① 2項RCT報道了拔管時平均動脈壓[11-12],共108例患者,各研究之間雖存在統(tǒng)計學(xué)異質(zhì)性,但進行敏感性分析后發(fā)現(xiàn)兩種模型結(jié)果一致,最終采用固定效應(yīng)模型進行Meta分析。結(jié)果顯示,試驗組患者拔管時平均動脈壓低于對照組,兩組比較差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義[MD=-13.40,95%CI(-16.24,? -10.56),P<0.001]。②2項RCT報道了拔管時的心率(HR)[11-12],共108例患者,各研究之間無統(tǒng)計學(xué)異質(zhì)性(P=0.21,I 2=35%),采用固定效應(yīng)模型進行Meta分析。結(jié)果顯示,試驗組患者拔管時心率低于對照組,兩組比較差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義[MD=-30.13,95%CI(-33.40, -26.87),P<0.001],詳見圖4。

圖4 拔管時的血流動力學(xué)改變的Meta分析森林圖

2.3.4 Fromme術(shù)野質(zhì)量評分 4項RCT報道了Fromme術(shù)野質(zhì)量評分[7-8,11-12],共234例患者,各研究之間無統(tǒng)計學(xué)異質(zhì)性(P=0.07,I 2=57%),采用固定效應(yīng)模型進行Meta分析。結(jié)果顯示,試驗組患者Fromme術(shù)野質(zhì)量評分顯著低于對照組,兩組比較差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義[MD=-0.80,95%CI(-0.96,-0.65),P<0.001],詳見圖5。

圖5 Fromme術(shù)野質(zhì)量評分的Meta分析森林圖

2.3.5 蘇醒情況 ①3項RCT報道了拔管時間[5,11-12],共165例患者,各研究間無統(tǒng)計學(xué)異質(zhì)性(P=0.65,I 2=0),采用固定效應(yīng)模型進行Meta分析。結(jié)果顯示,試驗組患者拔管時間長于對照組,兩組比較差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義[MD=1.86,95%CI(0.82,2.89),P=0.000 5]。②3項RCT報道了清醒時間[6,10,12],共188例患者,各研究之間無統(tǒng)計學(xué)異質(zhì)性(P=0.24,I 2=31%),故采用固定效應(yīng)模型進行Meta分析。結(jié)果顯示,試驗組患者清醒時間長于對照組,兩組比較差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義[MD=3.17,95%CI(2.73,3.60),P<0.001]。③4項RCT報道了出PACU時間[5,7-8,10],共223例患者,各研究間存在統(tǒng)計學(xué)異質(zhì)性(P<0.000 01,I 2=97%),采用隨機效應(yīng)模型進行Meta分析。結(jié)果顯示,兩組患者出PACU時間比較,差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義[MD=-0.15,95%CI(-5.72,5.42),P=0.96],詳見圖6。

圖6 術(shù)后蘇醒情況的Meta分析森林圖

2.3.6 術(shù)后不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生率 將不同的不良反應(yīng)指標(biāo)分成不同的亞組進行分析,各研究之間無統(tǒng)計學(xué)異質(zhì)性,故采用隨機效應(yīng)模型進行Meta分析。結(jié)果顯示,試驗組患者寒顫[5,6-8,10-12][OR=0.37,95%CI(0.18,0.75),P=0.006]、躁動[10-11][OR=0.06,95%CI(0.00,1.15),P=0.06]、惡心嘔吐[5,6-8,10-12][OR=0.28,95%CI(0.14,0.59),P=0.000 8]的發(fā)生率均低于對照組;兩組患者心動過緩[5,7-9,12]發(fā)生率比較,差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義[OR=1.11,95%CI(0.56,2.20),P=0.76],詳見圖7。

2.4 發(fā)表偏倚分析

對各指標(biāo)進行發(fā)表偏倚分析,倒漏斗圖均存在不對稱的情況,提示本Meta分析存在發(fā)表偏倚的可能性較大。其中選取Fromme術(shù)野質(zhì)量評分、術(shù)中出血量等指標(biāo)為例展示各倒漏斗圖的不對稱情況,詳見圖8、圖9。

3 討論

本Meta分析共納入8項RCT研究,共計497例鼻內(nèi)鏡手術(shù)患者。結(jié)果顯示,在鼻內(nèi)鏡手術(shù)中應(yīng)用右美托咪定行控制性降壓時,F(xiàn)romme術(shù)野質(zhì)量明顯優(yōu)于對照組,術(shù)中需要補充降壓藥的患者數(shù)占比明顯降低,術(shù)中出血量明顯減少,降壓達標(biāo)時間無明顯差異,拔管時血流動力學(xué)更加穩(wěn)定;蘇醒期患者拔管時間和清醒時間與對照組相比較長,但PACU停留時間兩組基本相當(dāng);術(shù)后寒顫、惡心嘔吐的發(fā)生率較低,但躁動、心動過緩的發(fā)生率兩組相當(dāng)。

有研究表明,減慢心率可能減少術(shù)中出血[13],這可能是試驗組術(shù)野較清晰及出血量少的一個原因;右美托咪定具有鎮(zhèn)靜作用,可能有利于維持拔管期間的血流動力學(xué)穩(wěn)定,同時可能導(dǎo)致拔管時間及清醒時間較長; 右美托咪定的應(yīng)用不影響自主呼吸恢復(fù)并能減少術(shù)中麻醉藥用量[14],可能不影響出PACU時間,同時可以解釋術(shù)后較少的寒顫等不良反應(yīng)發(fā)生的原因。有文獻報道右美托咪定心動過緩發(fā)生率較高[15],本研究發(fā)現(xiàn)心動過緩的發(fā)生率并未增加,這可能與右美托咪定應(yīng)用方法和劑量有關(guān)。

本Meta分析存在一定的局限性,體現(xiàn)在以下幾個方面:(1)由于納入文獻數(shù)量較少,部分文獻質(zhì)量較差,未給出具體數(shù)據(jù),部分數(shù)據(jù)僅以圖表的形式描述結(jié)果,無法提取數(shù)據(jù)進行合并分析,特別是血流動力學(xué)指標(biāo);(2)納入文獻中有些指標(biāo)的采集分析,如術(shù)中降壓藥補充情況及術(shù)后不良反應(yīng),各研究結(jié)果存在異質(zhì)性,可能與文獻報道結(jié)果偏差較大,各報道的患者性別比例及體質(zhì)量指數(shù)差異、用藥量及用藥方法的不同有關(guān),得到的分析結(jié)果可能偏差較大;(3)1項研究[4]報道的用藥方法與其他文獻差別較大。

此外,由于各研究針對控制性降壓后血壓反跳的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)不一[16],本文選擇拔管時的血流動力學(xué)指標(biāo)進行分析,結(jié)果可能存在偏差。有些少見不良反應(yīng)(如嗜睡、擴張性頭痛)僅1篇[12]報道,其結(jié)果可信度不高。對于右美托咪定控制性降壓對內(nèi)環(huán)境及應(yīng)激反應(yīng)的影響研究較少,本文未進行分析。納入的文獻中右美托咪定多為輔助用藥,其術(shù)中單獨使用進行控制性降壓是否存在優(yōu)勢還有待進一步研究。

綜上所述,右美托咪定用于鼻內(nèi)鏡手術(shù)患者術(shù)中控制性降壓不僅可以提供更清晰的術(shù)野,減少出血量,在使患者平穩(wěn)地術(shù)后蘇醒及減少術(shù)后并發(fā)癥方面也存在較大優(yōu)勢。

參考文獻

[ 1 ] JAHANSHAHI J,HASHEMIAN F,PAZIRA S,et al. Effect of topical tranexamic acid on bleeding and quality of surgical field during functional endoscopic sinus surgery in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis:a triple blind randomized clinical trial[J]. PLoS One,2014.DOI:10.1371/joumal.pon0.0104477.

[ 2 ] SARKAR C,BHATTACHARYYA C,SAMAL R,et al. Effectiveness of dexmedetomidine in reducing blood loss during middle ear surgery under general anaesthesia:a randomized controlled trial[J]. J Soc Anesthesiol Nepal,2016,3(2):57-63.

[ 3 ] GUPTA P,CHOUDHARY R,OJHA T,et al. Dexmedetomidine as an adjuvant for hypotensive anaesthesia during functional endoscopic sinus surgery (FESS)[J]. IOSR J Dent Med Sci,2016,15(11):143-146.

[ 4 ] 李亞麗,羅耀文,王琦,等.不同劑量右美托咪定抑制FESS術(shù)后拔管期不良反應(yīng)的效果觀察[J].中國藥房,2014,25(30):2829-2831.

[ 5 ] ROKHTABNAK F,DJALALI MOTLAGH S,GHODRATY M,et al. Controlled hypotension during rhinoplasty:? a comparison of dexmedetomidine with magnesium sulfate[J]. Anesth Pain Med,2017,7(6):e64032.

[ 6 ] BAJWA SJ,KAUR J,KULSHRESTHA A,et al. Nitroglycerine,esmolol and dexmedetomidine for induced hypotension during functional endoscopic sinus surgery:a comparative evaluation[J]. J Anaesthesiol Clin Pharmacol,2016,32(2):192-197.

[ 7 ] DAS A,MUKHERJE A,CHHAULE S,et al. Induced hypotension in ambulatory functional endoscopic sinus surgery:a comparison between dexmedetomidine and clonidine as premedication:a prospective,double-blind,and randomized study[J]. Saudi J Anaesth,2016,10(1):74-80.

[ 8 ] DAS A,CHHAULE S,BHATTACHARYA S,et al. Controlled hypotension in day care functional endoscopic sinus surgery:a comparison between esmolol and dexmedetomidine:a? prospective,double-blind,and randomized study[J]. Saudi J Anaesth,2017,10(3):276-282.

[ 9 ] LEE J,KIM Y,PARK C,et al. Comparison between dexmedetomidine and remifentanil for controlled hypotension and recovery in endoscopic sinus surgery[J]. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol,2013,122(7):421-426.

[10] SHAMES T,EL BAHNASAWE NS,ABU-SAMRA M, et al. Induced hypotension for functional endoscopic sinus surgery:a comparative study of dexmedetomidine versus esmolol[J]. Saudi J Anaesth,2013,7(2):175-180.

[11] 李振威,張誠章,彭健泓,等.右美托咪定在全麻鼻內(nèi)鏡手術(shù)控制性低血壓中的應(yīng)用[J].國際麻醉與復(fù)蘇,2012,33(7):466-469.

[12] 高光潔,徐迎陽,王兵,等.右美托咪定輔助七氟醚控制性降壓在鼻內(nèi)鏡手術(shù)中的應(yīng)用[J].解放軍醫(yī)學(xué)雜志,2012,37(1):45-48.

[13] NAIR S,COLLINS M,HUNG P,et al. The effect of beta-blocker premedication on the surgical field during endoscopic sinus surgery[J]. Laryngoscope,2004,114(6):1042-1046.

[14] SU S,REN C,ZHANG H,et al. The opioid-sparing effect of perioperative dexmedetomidine plus sufentanil infusion during neurosurgery:a retrospective study[J]. Front Pharmacol,2016.DOI:10.3389/fphar.2016.00407.

[15] KANG WS,KIM SY,SON JC,et al. The effect of dexmedetomidine on and adjuvant propofol requirement and intraoperative hemodynamics during remifentail based anesthesia[J]. Korean J Anesthesiol,2012,62(2):113-118.

[16] SHIN S,LEE JW,KIM SH,et al. Heart rate variability dynamics during controlled hypotension with nicardipine,remifentanil and dexmedetomidine[J]. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand,2014,58(2):168-176.

(收稿日期:2019-10-07 修回日期:2019-12-20)

(編輯:劉明偉)

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