李麗燕 吳金其 李金濤 劉衛(wèi)新
[摘要]目的:探討非哺乳期乳腺腫塊患者采用超聲引導(dǎo)下麥默通、安珂微創(chuàng)旋切術(shù)的治療效果。方法:對筆者醫(yī)院2012年9月-2019年9月收治402例非哺乳期乳腺腫塊患者相關(guān)資料予以回顧性分析,依據(jù)患者手術(shù)方式將接受超聲引導(dǎo)下麥默通以及安珂旋切術(shù)患者分別納入麥默通組(n=209,223個腫塊)與安珂組(n=193,208個腫塊)。比較兩組患者符合術(shù)式標(biāo)準(zhǔn)腫塊切除率、圍手術(shù)期相關(guān)指標(biāo)、術(shù)后并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率及術(shù)后3個月超聲復(fù)查腫塊殘留率。結(jié)果:麥默通組、安珂組符合術(shù)式標(biāo)準(zhǔn)腫塊切除率分別為96.86%,99.52%,組間比較差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。麥默通組手術(shù)持續(xù)時(shí)間、刀頭更換頻率均高于安珂組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。兩組間切口長度、術(shù)中失血量、手術(shù)切口愈合時(shí)間、術(shù)后疼痛持續(xù)時(shí)間比較差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。麥默通組患者術(shù)后感染、乳房內(nèi)部血腫發(fā)生率顯著低于安珂組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);而兩組間皮下瘀斑發(fā)生率比較差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。手術(shù)完成后3個月超聲復(fù)查兩組腫塊殘留率比較差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(1.44% vs 0.52%,P>0.05)。結(jié)論:非哺乳期乳腺腫塊患者采用超聲引導(dǎo)下麥默通、安珂微創(chuàng)旋切術(shù)進(jìn)行治療效果均顯著,但安珂微創(chuàng)旋切術(shù)手術(shù)時(shí)間短,而麥默通微創(chuàng)旋切術(shù)術(shù)后并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率較低,臨床應(yīng)用可以依據(jù)實(shí)際情況進(jìn)行選擇。
[關(guān)鍵詞]超聲;麥默通微創(chuàng)旋切術(shù);安珂微創(chuàng)旋切術(shù);非哺乳期乳腺腫塊;療效
[中圖分類號]R737.9? ? [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼]A? ? [文章編號]1008-6455(2021)04-0095-04
Comparison of Two Kinds of Ultrasound-guided Minimally Invasive Surgery in the Treatment of Non-lactation Breast Masses
LI Li-yan1,WU Jin-qi2,LI Jin-tao2,LIU Wei-xin2
(1.Department of Galactophore,Beijing Chaoyang Emergency Treatment Center of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine,Beijing 100022,China;2.Department of Breast Surgery,Huanxing Ward,Cancer Hospital of Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, Beijing 100122,China)
Abstract: Objective? To explore the curative effect of ultrasound-guided mammotome minimally invasive surgery and EnCor minimally invasive surgery on non-lactational breast masses. Methods? A retrospective analysis of related data of 402 patients with non-lactational breast masses who were admitted and treated in the hospital during the period from September 2012 to September 2019 was performed. Patients treated with ultrasound-guided mammotome minimally invasive surgery were included in the mammotome group (209 patients with 223 lumps) and those treated with EnCor minimally invasive surgery were included in the EnCor group (193 patients with 208 lumps). The mass resection rate, perioperative related indicators, postoperative complications and residual rate of ultrasound reexamination 3 months after operation were compared between the two groups. Results? The mass resection rates according with operation indications in the mammotome group and yhe EnCor group were 96.86% and 99.52%, respectively. There was no significant difference between the two groups (P>0.05). The duration of surgery and frequency of handpiece replacement in the mammotome group were longer/higher than those in the EnCor group, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). Differences in incision length, intraoperative blood loss, healing time of the surgical incision or duration of postoperative pain between the two groups were not statistically significant (P>0.05). The incidences of postoperative infection and intramammary hematoma in the mammotome group were significantly lower than those in the EnCor group (P<0.05). But difference in the incidence of subcutaneous ecchymosis was not statistically significant (P>0.05). Ultrasound reexamination results showed that difference in the rate of residual lump between the two groups in 3 months after surgery was not statistically significant (1.44% vs 0.52%, P>0.05). Conclusion? Both ultrasound-guided mammotome minimally invasive surgery and EnCor minimally invasive surgery are markedly effective in treatment of non-lactational breast lump. However, the duration of EnCor minimally invasive surgery is shorter, and the incidence of complications after mammotome minimally invasive surgery is lower.
Key words: ultrasound-guided; mammotome minimally invasive surgery; EnCor minimally invasive surgery; non-lactational breast mass; curative effect
乳腺腫塊類疾病為女性群體常見疾病,調(diào)查報(bào)告結(jié)果顯示乳腺腫塊疾病中有近4/5患者腫塊性質(zhì)為良性[1]。近期乳腺腫塊發(fā)病率因?yàn)槲廴经h(huán)境、生活工作壓力以及食品安全等原因逐年上升,而相關(guān)影像技術(shù)逐漸成熟使其檢出率逐漸增加[2]。傳統(tǒng)手術(shù)治療期間需要在患者乳房行一長切口,術(shù)后乳房瘢痕嚴(yán)重,導(dǎo)致患者對手術(shù)后乳房美觀滿意度不佳[3]。目前微創(chuàng)手術(shù)治療技術(shù)成熟使其被大量應(yīng)用于臨床中,乳腺微創(chuàng)旋切手術(shù)經(jīng)由對腫塊進(jìn)行高速旋切處理后采用內(nèi)套針將腫塊轉(zhuǎn)移至患者體外,其具有微創(chuàng)、手術(shù)迅速以及術(shù)后美觀度高等優(yōu)勢[4]。麥默通以及安珂微創(chuàng)旋切手術(shù)為乳腺微創(chuàng)旋切手術(shù)中兩種手術(shù)方式,其應(yīng)用于乳腺腫塊切除效果顯著[5],但是對于兩者應(yīng)用于非哺乳期乳腺腫塊手術(shù)效果比較研究較少。為明確麥默通以及安珂微創(chuàng)旋切手術(shù)在非哺乳期乳腺腫塊治療上的應(yīng)用效果,本研究對非哺乳期乳腺腫塊患者相關(guān)資料予以分析總結(jié)。
1? 資料和方法
1.1 一般資料:對筆者醫(yī)院2012年9月-2019年9月收治402例非哺乳期乳腺腫塊患者相關(guān)資料予以回顧性分析,納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):①處于非哺乳期患者;②術(shù)前影像檢查顯示患者乳腺存在腫塊,術(shù)后病理檢查證實(shí)腫塊性質(zhì)為良性;③符合相應(yīng)手術(shù)指征;④腫塊直徑低于3cm;⑤各項(xiàng)資料完整。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):①哺乳期或者處于月經(jīng)期者;②凝血功能存在異常者;③對接受手術(shù)不耐受或者存在對應(yīng)手術(shù)禁忌證者;④接受手術(shù)之前已經(jīng)采用其他方式進(jìn)行治療;⑤存在其他基礎(chǔ)疾病如高血壓、糖尿病等。
依據(jù)患者手術(shù)方式將接受超聲引導(dǎo)下麥默通以及安珂旋切術(shù)患者分別納入麥默通組(n=209,223個腫塊)與安珂組(n=193,208個腫塊)。麥默通組:年齡32~63歲,平均(42.81±2.64)歲;病程1~15個月,平均(9.64±1.54)個月。安珂組:年齡33~62歲,平均(42.94±2.55)歲;病程1~16個月,平均(9.72±1.47)個月。兩組患者一般資料比較差異未見統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),有可比性。
1.2 方法:麥默通組在超聲引導(dǎo)下行麥默通微創(chuàng)旋切術(shù)治療,麥默通微創(chuàng)旋切系統(tǒng)(美國,強(qiáng)生公司)手術(shù)刀頭有8G/11G旋切刀頭。經(jīng)過皮膚切口將旋切刀頭插入至病灶深部,緩慢調(diào)整旋切刀槽以及刀頭與病灶位置方向,保證刀頭與病灶處于同一平面,使超聲可以清楚觀察病灶與旋轉(zhuǎn)刀頭。經(jīng)由系統(tǒng)控制面板對病灶進(jìn)行反復(fù)旋切以及抽吸,至超聲檢查顯示沒有病灶殘留則停止旋切。將腫塊殘腔中積血吸凈,緩慢拔出旋切刀頭,手術(shù)助手壓迫手術(shù)殘腔,手術(shù)醫(yī)師進(jìn)行下一腫塊病灶切除,所有腫物切除后進(jìn)行樣本病理檢測。對手術(shù)切口消毒處理后的穿刺通道和手術(shù)殘腔應(yīng)用無菌紗布覆蓋及加壓包扎,包扎時(shí)間為2~3d,術(shù)后定期進(jìn)行止血藥物治療。
安珂組在超聲引導(dǎo)下行安珂微創(chuàng)旋切術(shù)治療,安珂微創(chuàng)旋切系統(tǒng)(美國,SenoRx公司)手術(shù)刀頭選擇10G旋切刀頭。超聲型號為Vivid-7多普勒彩色超聲診斷儀,其探頭頻率為7.5Hz。手術(shù)前標(biāo)記好需要切除范圍,并進(jìn)行消毒,并對病灶位置進(jìn)行二次定位,在腋前線上進(jìn)行穿刺定位,局部麻醉乳房淺筋膜淺層以及后間隙,依據(jù)腫塊大小選擇旋轉(zhuǎn)刀頭,切開皮膚0.4~0.5cm,超聲幫助下將旋轉(zhuǎn)刀置于腫塊深部,打開旋轉(zhuǎn)窗,并進(jìn)行腫塊旋切以及抽取,隨后再通過控制面板進(jìn)行扇形旋轉(zhuǎn),腫塊位置進(jìn)行反復(fù)旋切,病灶內(nèi)部積血抽吸干凈后退出旋轉(zhuǎn)刀。消毒處理切口,隨后切口應(yīng)用無菌紗布予以覆蓋后行加壓包扎2~3d。
1.3 觀察指標(biāo):比較兩組患者符合術(shù)式標(biāo)準(zhǔn)腫塊切除率,圍手術(shù)期相關(guān)指標(biāo),術(shù)后并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率,術(shù)后3個月超聲復(fù)查腫塊殘留結(jié)果。①符合術(shù)式標(biāo)準(zhǔn)腫塊切除率=術(shù)中切除腫塊數(shù)/腫塊總數(shù)×100%;②圍手術(shù)期指標(biāo):包括切口長度、手術(shù)持續(xù)時(shí)間、術(shù)中失血量、手術(shù)切口愈合時(shí)間、術(shù)后疼痛持續(xù)時(shí)間、刀頭更換頻率;③并發(fā)癥:包括感染、皮下瘀斑以及乳房內(nèi)部血腫。
1.4 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析:本研究中數(shù)據(jù)分析選擇SPSS 20.0進(jìn)行處理,計(jì)量資料如圍手術(shù)期相關(guān)指標(biāo)表示為(均數(shù)±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差),比較應(yīng)用t檢驗(yàn),計(jì)數(shù)資料如符合術(shù)式標(biāo)準(zhǔn)腫塊切除率、術(shù)后并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率采用χ2檢驗(yàn)進(jìn)行差異比較,以例(%)表示,P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2? 結(jié)果
2.1 兩組符合術(shù)式標(biāo)準(zhǔn)腫塊切除率比較:麥默通組、安珂組符合術(shù)式標(biāo)準(zhǔn)腫塊切除率分別為96.86%,99.52%,組間比較差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)
2.2 兩組圍手術(shù)期相關(guān)指標(biāo)比較:麥默通組手術(shù)持續(xù)時(shí)間、刀頭更換頻率均高于安珂組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);兩組間切口長度、術(shù)中失血量、手術(shù)切口愈合時(shí)間、術(shù)后疼痛持續(xù)時(shí)間比較差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。
2.3 兩組術(shù)后并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率比較:麥默通組患者術(shù)后感染、乳房內(nèi)部血腫發(fā)生率顯著低于安珂組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);而兩組間皮下瘀斑發(fā)生率比較差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。
2.4 兩組術(shù)后3個月超聲復(fù)查結(jié)果比較:手術(shù)完成后3個月,麥默通組以及安珂組腫塊殘留患者分別3例和1例,腫塊殘留率比較差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(1.44% vs 0.52%,χ2=0.179,P>0.05)。
3? 討論
乳腺微創(chuàng)旋切系統(tǒng)是用于乳腺疾病活檢最先進(jìn)技術(shù),可以多次切除病灶,獲得腫塊組織,可以為乳腺腫塊患者手術(shù)提供技術(shù)支持,特別是病灶大小低于3cm乳腺腫塊[6-7]。微創(chuàng)旋切系統(tǒng)主要包括旋切刀、真空抽吸泵、內(nèi)外套針、傳送裝置,采用真空吸引將腫塊吸入至切割凹槽內(nèi)部,同時(shí)切除腫塊組織,通過傳送裝置將切除病灶轉(zhuǎn)移到體外,此過程中不需要退出外套針,可以繼續(xù)進(jìn)行抽吸以及切除,所以其應(yīng)用具有微創(chuàng)、定位準(zhǔn)確等優(yōu)勢[8-9]。
麥默通以及安珂微創(chuàng)旋切手術(shù)是乳腺疾病微創(chuàng)旋切系統(tǒng)中兩種術(shù)式,兩者操作原理相同,用于乳腺疾病治療中均具有顯著優(yōu)勢。本研究中非哺乳期乳腺腫塊患者采用麥默通以及安珂微創(chuàng)旋切手術(shù)進(jìn)行治療,符合術(shù)式標(biāo)準(zhǔn)腫塊切除率分別為96.86%,99.52%,所有患者手術(shù)前行超聲檢查,準(zhǔn)確評估患者腫塊位置以及穿刺通道,超聲直視下可以有效顯示患者病灶附近血流情況,切除腫塊同時(shí)避免大血管損傷[5,10],其可能是兩組患者切口長度、術(shù)中失血量、手術(shù)切口愈合時(shí)間、術(shù)后疼痛持續(xù)時(shí)間相差不大主要原因。安珂組患者手術(shù)持續(xù)時(shí)間以及刀頭更換頻率顯著低于麥默通組,其主要與該系統(tǒng)刀頭特點(diǎn)有關(guān),安珂系統(tǒng)配備三菱刀頭銳利且材質(zhì)堅(jiān)硬,可以快速完成手術(shù),避免手術(shù)過程中頻繁更換刀頭;麥默通在切除3個連續(xù)腫塊后即需更換刀頭,使患者手術(shù)時(shí)間延長,同時(shí)可能會增加患者治療費(fèi)用[11-12]。乳腺腫瘤患者術(shù)后并發(fā)癥是影響患者術(shù)后康復(fù)主要因素,麥默通組以及安珂組患者皮下瘀斑等術(shù)后并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率差異不顯著,默通以及安珂旋切技術(shù)手術(shù)過程中均為負(fù)壓環(huán)境,超聲引導(dǎo)下手術(shù)視野清晰,手術(shù)操作方便,有效減少患者術(shù)后并發(fā)癥發(fā)生。雖然麥默通以及安珂微創(chuàng)旋切手術(shù)在治療非哺乳期乳腺腫塊上具有顯著優(yōu)勢,但在實(shí)際手術(shù)過程依然存在部分需要重點(diǎn)注意之處。麥默通微創(chuàng)旋切手術(shù)過程中:①對于病灶直徑較大腫塊,在行麻醉時(shí)需要聯(lián)合應(yīng)用局部麻醉以及基礎(chǔ)麻醉以保證麻醉效果;②旋切手術(shù)過程中需要在超聲幫助下由切口處將旋切刀插入病灶中央位置,將病灶實(shí)質(zhì)旋切,盡可能保留病灶包膜,將切除病灶取出2/3后進(jìn)行退針,病灶包膜游離后將切口延長,應(yīng)用彎鉗將病灶與正常腺體分離,隨后應(yīng)用組織鉗將病灶外膜拉出;③手術(shù)完成后進(jìn)行包扎時(shí)推薦應(yīng)用平面施壓包扎,以減少點(diǎn)對點(diǎn)加壓包扎所致乳房塌陷。安珂微創(chuàng)術(shù)式則需要注意:①對于距離皮膚較近腫塊麻醉時(shí)可以將麻醉劑注入皮膚與腫塊之間,以便達(dá)到麻醉目的同時(shí)不會使皮膚損傷;②對于靠近胸膜病灶,穿刺針需要與病灶平行,手柄向病灶位置轉(zhuǎn)動后行連續(xù)切割以減少胸膜受到刺激。雖然兩種微創(chuàng)旋切手術(shù)在治療非哺乳期乳腺腫塊療效顯著,但是由于系統(tǒng)配備旋切刀長度約為2.7cm,所以其不適用于直徑超過3cm病灶,對于此類病灶應(yīng)該選擇開放手術(shù)進(jìn)行治療[13-14]。
超聲引導(dǎo)下麥默通、安珂微創(chuàng)旋切術(shù)治療非哺乳期乳腺腫塊具有微創(chuàng)、符合術(shù)式標(biāo)準(zhǔn)腫塊切除率、術(shù)后腫塊殘留率低等優(yōu)勢,但是麥默通術(shù)后感染、血腫等并發(fā)癥少,安珂微創(chuàng)旋切術(shù)在手術(shù)時(shí)間上更具優(yōu)勢,臨床應(yīng)用可以依據(jù)實(shí)際情況進(jìn)行選擇。
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[收稿日期]2020-05-21
本文引用格式:李麗燕,吳金其,李金濤,等.超聲引導(dǎo)下兩種微創(chuàng)旋切術(shù)治療非哺乳期乳腺腫塊療效比較[J].中國美容醫(yī)學(xué),2021,30(4):95-98.