潘海林
讀后續(xù)寫大部分都是圍繞conflict和solution來運轉(zhuǎn)的,首先力爭讀懂原文,找出記敘文的幾要素,找到故事情節(jié)中到底有什么沖突或問題。然后讀懂需要續(xù)寫的兩段的首句,根據(jù)首句推測故事發(fā)展的走向和兩段的大致內(nèi)容。
續(xù)寫中,需了解解決問題類的常見模式:
(1)面對問題:消極或積極情緒
(2)心想:心理描寫
(3)措施:動作描寫
(4)失望:問題沒解決或出現(xiàn)了新問題
(5)心里描寫:消極情緒
(6)突然有了一個想法
(7)解決辦法
(8)轉(zhuǎn)機:似乎有了轉(zhuǎn)機,抱有希望,感到欣慰
(9)結(jié)局:問題解決,積極情緒
(10)總結(jié):點題,呼應前文
需要說明的是,并非每個環(huán)節(jié)都需要,也可能不是這個順序,甚至可以穿插進行,這不是死板的,要靈活把握。
下面,我們按照上述常見模式,依次列出一些寫作中可能用到的常用表達。
一、面對問題:產(chǎn)生的消極或積極情緒
典型表達:感到一陣……
feel?a?flush?of...
=?feel?a?wave?of...
=?feel?a?feeling/sense?of...
注:上述短語后可接joy(高興),?excitement(興奮),?pride(驕傲),?anger(憤怒),?rage(狂怒),?panic(驚慌),?alarm(驚慌),?terror(恐懼),?horror(恐懼),?fear(恐懼),?unease?(不安),?sorrow(悲傷),?sadness(悲傷),?grief(悲傷),?embarrassment(尷尬),?disappointment(失望),?shame(羞愧),?guilt(愧疚)等這類情感類名詞。如:
He?felt?a?flush?of?excitement.?他感到一陣興奮。
She?felt?a?wave?of?panic,?but?forced?herself?to?leave?the?room?calmly.?她感到一陣驚慌,但是強迫自己鎮(zhèn)靜地離開了房間。
上述a?sense?of?relief之類的短語與flooded?over?sb或swept?over?sb連用,表示“某人感到一陣……”。如:
A?great?sense?of?relief?flooded?over?him.?他深感寬慰。
A?wave?of?fear?swept?over?him.?他感到一陣恐懼。
如果要表示“一陣復雜的感情”,可以說?a?mixture?of?A?and?B。如:
a?mixture?of?excitement?and?nervousness又興奮又緊張
[即時練習]
請根據(jù)漢語意思,用上述短語完成英文句子。
(1)看到一把斧子破門而入,她感到一種巨大的恐懼感在內(nèi)心升騰、奔涌。
Seeing?an?ax?piercing?through?the?door,?she?felt?_________in?her?heart?and?surging?through?her.
(2)感到一種巨大的嫉妒感在內(nèi)心升騰、奔涌,她朝那個女人扔了一個罐子。
Feeling____________?in?her?heart?and?surging?through?her,?she?threw?a?can?at?the?woman.
參考答案
(1)a?wave?of?fear?flooded
(2)a?wave?of?envy?flooded
二、心想:心理描寫
1.?心里想
心里想think?/say?to?oneself
內(nèi)心的聲音告訴某人……
An?inner?voice?told?sb?that...
2.?害怕;恐慌
害怕地,嚇得with?fear?/panic?/terror
顫抖:tremble;?shiver;?shake;?quake
害怕得顫抖tremble?with?fear
嚇得要死seem?dead?with?fear
驚慌失措be?seized?with?panic
恐慌尖叫scream?with?panic
嚇呆了freeze?with?terror
驚恐地叫道scream?with?terror
害怕得發(fā)抖?shake?with?terror
3.?生氣;憤怒
憤怒地,氣得with?rage
因盛怒而滿臉通紅be?red-cheeked?with?rage
氣得發(fā)抖tremble?/shake?with?rage
氣得想哭feel?like?crying?with?rage
氣得說不出話來?be?speechless?with?rage
氣得臉色發(fā)紫?become?purple?with?rage
怒火中燒?be?boiling?with?rage
4.?興奮;激動
興奮地with?excitement
興奮得喊叫起來yell?with?excitement
激動得滿臉通紅flush?with?excitement
興奮得跳來跳去jump?up?and?down?with?excitement
激動地跺著腳?stamp?ones?foot?with?excitement
興奮地喊叫著scream?with?excitement
激動得心臟怦怦直跳pound?with?excitement
欣喜若狂go?wild?with?excitement
5.?悲傷;流淚
(1)Tears?blurred?ones?eyes.?淚水模糊了她的雙眼。
(2)Ones?eyes?got?misty.?一個人的眼睛都模糊了。
(3)Ones?eyes?misted?/dimmed?with?tears.淚眼模糊。
(4)...be?close?to?tears幾乎要哭了
(5)tears?roll?down?ones?eyes?/cheeks?/face淚水落下
三、措施:動作描寫
1.?常用詞語
張開嘴open?ones?mouth
睜大眼睛widen?ones?eyes
站起來rise?to?ones?feet
跳起來jump?to?ones?feet
放聲大叫?shout?at?the?top?of?ones?lung
伸出手reach?out
抓住我的雙手?grasp?both?my?hands
抓住我的胳膊?seize?my?arm
2.?常用句式
句型一:A,?B?and?C
She?hailed?a?taxi,?got?into?it?and?told?the?driver?her?destination.?她叫了一輛出租車,上了車,告訴司機她的目的地。
He?pulled?out?the?meat,?aimed?at?the?wolf?and?threw?it?straight?to?the?fierce?animal.?他掏出肉,瞄準狼,直接扔向那兇猛的動物。
句型二:主干+非謂語
The?tourists?are?sitting?in?a?café,drinking?hot?coffee.?游客們坐在咖啡廳里,喝著熱咖啡。
句型三:非謂語+主干+非謂語
Having?fought?in?the?war?for?years,?the?soldier?returned?to?his?home,?only?to?find?his?wife?had?gone?with?someone?else.?打了很多年仗后,這名士兵回到了他的家,結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)他的妻子和別人跑了。
句型四:非謂語+主干+從句
Having?passed?the?exam,?he?was?so?happy?that?he?was?at?a?loss?what?to?do.?通過考試后,他非常高興,不知所措。
句型五:主干+with+賓語+賓補
She?opened?the?gift?with?her?hands?shaking?slightly.?她用輕微顫抖的手打開了禮物。
[即時練習]
請根據(jù)漢語意思,用上述短語完成英文句子。
1.?站在空曠的道路旁(肢體),他們抬頭仰望天空(面部),從內(nèi)心感受著這珍貴的平靜(內(nèi)心)。
___________?beside?the?empty?road,?they?___________?up?into?the?sky,?___________?the?precious?peace?from?within.
2.?在老師的話的鼓勵下,她舉起手,低聲說:“我來”。
_______________?by?the?teachers?words,?she?????????????????her?hand,?__________________,“I?volunteer”.
3.?他欣喜若狂,在雨中又唱又跳。
He?was?wild?with?joy,?_______________and?_____________?in?the?rain.
4.?我別無選擇,只能舉起課本,希望把自己隱藏起來。
________________?no?choice,?I?slowly?raised?the?book,?___?____________?to?hide?myself.
5.?當我講故事時,她會把頭枕在我的胳膊上,眼睛盯著我。
She?would?lay?her?head?between?my?arms,?____________?_______?as?I?told?her?stories.
6.?她坐在那兒,眼睛盯著電視屏幕。(with的復合結(jié)構(gòu))
She?was?sitting?there,?_____________________.
7.?聽到呼喊,鄰居們沖了出來,想知道發(fā)生了什么。
_______________,?the?neighbors?rushed?out,?__________?what?had?happened
8.?毫不猶豫,他收拾好野營裝備直奔樹林。
____________?any?hesitation,?he?____________?his?camping?gear,?_____________?straight?to?the?woods.
參考答案
1.?standing,?looked,?enjoying
2.?Encouraged,?raised,?whispering
3.?singing,?dancing
4.?Having,?hoping
5.?staring?at?me
6.?with?her?eyes?fixed?on?the?TV?screen
7.?Hearing?the?cry,?wondering
8.?Without,?put?away,?running
四、失望:問題未解決或出現(xiàn)了新問題
1.?不幸的是(unfortunately)
(1)But?bad?luck?for?sb,?...?但是某人真不走運
(2)She?tried?her?best,?but?in?vain.?她盡力了,但沒有成功。
2.?某人做了某事,不知道下一步該做什么。
(1)Sb?did?sth,?wondering?what?to?do?next.
(2)Sb?did?sth,?not?knowing?what?to?do?next.
五、心理描寫:消極情緒
Disappointment?flooded?over?sb某人大失所望
六、突然有了一個想法
某人突然想到……
It?suddenly?occurred?to?sb?that...
=It?hit?sb?that...
=It?struck?sb?that...
=It?dawned?on?sb?that...
七、解決辦法
1.?鼓起勇氣(做某事)
take?/gather?/ones?courage(to?do?sth)
2.?毫不猶豫/選擇
(1)without?a?second?thought
(2)without?delay
(3)without?hesitation
(4)having?no?choice
八、轉(zhuǎn)機:似乎有了轉(zhuǎn)機,抱有希望,感到欣慰
1.?似乎,好像
It?seemed?as?if?/?that...
2.?有了結(jié)果
(1)To?ones?surprise?/delight,?it?turned?out?that...?令某人驚奇/高興的是,結(jié)果……
(2)Strangely?enough,?it?turned?out?that...?說來也奇怪,結(jié)果……
(3)But?on?second?thoughts,?...?但是轉(zhuǎn)而一想,……
(4)But?what?happened?next?was?pure?magic.?接下來發(fā)生的非常奇妙。
3.?欣慰
(1)breathe?a?sigh?of?relief?松了一口氣
(2)?(A?wave?of)relief?flooded?through?/washed?over?sb某人如釋重負
(3)Collapsing?onto?the?ground?with?relief,?they?were?still?shaking?with?fear?after?a?narrow?escape.?他們?nèi)玑屩刎摰氐乖诘厣希瑑e幸逃脫后還在恐懼地發(fā)抖。
九、結(jié)局:問題解決,積極情緒
1.?不久以后;過了一段時間
(1)not?long?after?that,?...?在那之后不久,……
(2)shortly?afterwards,?...?不久以后,……
(3)before?long,?...?不久以后,……
(4)It?didnt?take?long?before...?沒過多久,……
(5)It?took?some?time?before,?...?過了一段時間,……
2.?一瞬間/一會兒
for?an?instant?/moment
十、總結(jié):點題,呼應前文
1.?典型表達:直到……才意識到……
(1)倒裝句:Not?until...?did?sb?realize?/notice?that...
(2)強調(diào)句:It?was?only...?that?sb?realized?that...
2.?經(jīng)歷與教訓
(1)?What?a?valuable?lesson?I?have?learned?from...!我從……中得到了寶貴的教訓。
能替代上述句中valuable的還有useful(有益的),?great(重要的),?painful(慘痛的)等。
(2)What?an?unforgettable?experience!多么難忘的經(jīng)歷??!
能替代上述句中unforgettable?的形容詞還有enjoyable(令人愉快的),?pleasant(令人愉快的),?wonderful(美好的),?memorable(難忘的),?interesting(有趣的)等。
3.?結(jié)尾點題
(1)天助自助者。
God?helps?those?who?help?themselves.
(2)每個人都是自己命運的建筑師。
Everyone?is?the?architect?of?his?own?fate.
(3)苦難是磨煉人的好機會。
Suffering?is?a?good?opportunity?to?cultivate?people.
(4)事實上,每個人都有天賦。發(fā)現(xiàn)它的時候要勇敢,也要付出努力。最終,你會創(chuàng)造奇跡。
In?fact,?everyone?has?talent.?Be?brave?when?you?find?it?and?work?hard.?In?the?end,?youll?create?miracles.
(5)戰(zhàn)勝恐懼和實現(xiàn)目標需要決心和樂觀。
Fighting?fear?and?achieving?goals?require?determination?and?optimism.
(6)生命就是充滿歡笑和淚水的。只有同時接受兩者,我們才能享受生活。
Life?is?full?of?laughter?and?tears.?Only?by?accepting?both?can?we?enjoy?life.
(7)有時候一些小小的善行也能帶來巨大的改變
Sometimes?a?little?kindness?can?make?a?big?difference.
(8)有時候,一些小小的關愛也能融化人們內(nèi)心的孤單。
Sometimes?a?little?love?can?also?melt?peoples?inner?loneliness.
(9)一個小小的善行,無論是對施予者還是接受者,都是一份祝福。
A?little?good?deed?is?a?blessing?to?both?the?giver?and?the?receiver.
(10)永遠不要低估你的行為的力量。
Never?underestimate?the?power?of?your?action.
責任編輯?蔣小青