国产日韩欧美一区二区三区三州_亚洲少妇熟女av_久久久久亚洲av国产精品_波多野结衣网站一区二区_亚洲欧美色片在线91_国产亚洲精品精品国产优播av_日本一区二区三区波多野结衣 _久久国产av不卡

?

Kionochaeta中2個中國新記錄種和2個大陸新記錄種

2022-02-10 23:34李小霞肖仲久劉婷趙燚
熱帶作物學報 2022年1期

李小霞 肖仲久 劉婷 趙燚

摘 ?要:對采自貴州省習水國家自然保護區(qū)(長嵌溝管理站)和貴州省燕子巖國家森林公園若干份枯枝進行室內(nèi)的標本保濕處理,對其上的暗色絲孢菌采用形態(tài)學鑒定法。根據(jù)Kionochaeta(懸刺毛孢屬)的典型特征:由菌絲體分枝產(chǎn)生分生孢子梗。分生孢子梗粗大、單生、直立、直或稍彎曲、光滑、具隔、厚壁、褐色至黑褐色、錐形、剛毛狀,無或伴生側(cè)生剛毛狀分枝的分生孢子梗。可育區(qū)域通常在分生孢子梗的中下部,極少在頂端;由緊湊或松弛,不規(guī)則或流蘇狀排列,其上產(chǎn)生產(chǎn)孢細胞。產(chǎn)孢細胞安瓿形,燒瓶形或圓柱形,具2種增殖類型:(1)內(nèi)壁芽生式,沒有持續(xù)導致平周變厚;(2)內(nèi)壁芽生式,持續(xù)的及頂式產(chǎn)生新的產(chǎn)孢位點。分生孢子內(nèi)壁芽生式,頂生,單生,產(chǎn)生一個液滴(在基質(zhì)上),透明,無隔膜,光滑,橢圓形、梭形、鐮狀或棒狀,極少在兩端具一個簡單的剛毛。HMZNC0426菌株的典型特征:較長剛毛狀分生孢子梗在整個生長過程中缺乏緊密、分枝的產(chǎn)孢結(jié)構(gòu),但頂端可能產(chǎn)生一系列短的不規(guī)則分枝的產(chǎn)孢細胞,剛毛狀分生孢子?;砍0樯环N頂端具產(chǎn)孢結(jié)構(gòu),較短的分生孢子梗;HMZNC0356菌株的典型特征:分生孢子梗無側(cè)生剛毛狀分枝,產(chǎn)胞結(jié)構(gòu)產(chǎn)生在分生孢子梗近中部單一位點上,產(chǎn)孢細胞緊密、無規(guī)則排列在分生孢子梗中部;HMZNC0381菌株的典型特征:分生孢子梗中下部著生2~5根側(cè)生的剛毛狀分枝,主軸和側(cè)枝的部分頂端著生一系列不規(guī)則、短的分枝,其上產(chǎn)生產(chǎn)孢細胞,從而形成可育區(qū)域;可育區(qū)域位于側(cè)枝下端,構(gòu)成緊密、分枝、透明至淺褐色的產(chǎn)孢細胞;HMZNC0427菌株的典型特征:分生孢子梗中部著生一根側(cè)生的剛毛狀分枝,較短,可育區(qū)域位于側(cè)枝下端。根據(jù)上述特征鑒定出:Kionochaeta內(nèi)的K. nanophora Kuthub. & Nawawi (HMZNC0426)和K. spissa P. M. Kirk & B. Sutton (HMZNC0356)為中國新記錄種,K. australiensis Goh & K. D. Hyde (HMZNC0427)和K. pughii Kuthub. & Nawawi (HMZNC0381)為中國大陸新記錄種。該標本保存在遵義師范學院真菌學標本室(HMZNC)。

關(guān)鍵詞:暗色絲孢菌;Kionochaeta;新記錄種

中圖分類號:Q939.5 ? ? ?文獻標識碼:A

Two New Records Species of Kionochaeta from China and Two New Species of Kionochaeta from Mainland China

LI Xiaoxia1,3, XIAO Zhongjiu1,2,3, LIU Ting1,3, ZHAO Yi1

1. College of Biology and Agriculture (College of Food Science and Technology), Zunyi Normal University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563002, China; 2. College of Resources and Environment, Zunyi Normal University, Zunyi, Guizhou 563002, China; 3. Key Laboratory of Regional Characteristic for Conservation and Utilization of Plant Resource in Chishui River Basin, Zunyi, Guizhou 563002, China

Abstract: Some rotten twigs collected from Xishui National Nature Reserve (Changqiangou Management Station) and Yanziyan National Forest Park of Guizhou Province were treated with moisturizer indoors. The dematiaceous hyphomycetes on them were identified by morphological identification. Kionochaeta have the typical characteristics of conidiophores arising as lateral branches from mycelium. The conidiophores from the species are macronematous, mononematous, erect, straight or slightly curvued, subulate, smooth, septate, thick-walled, brown to dark brown setiform element with or without associated lateral setiform branches. Usually, the feritle areas were located sub-median, rarely also apical of the conidiophores, which are comprised either compact or loosely and irregularly or penicillately arranged branches. The conidiogenous cells grew out of the feritle areas. Conidiogenous cells are ampulliform, lageniform or cylindrical, which produce two types conidia: (1) enteroblastic without progression leading to periclinal thickening; (2) enteroblastic percurrent with progression leading to a new conidiogenous locus. The condia are aerogenous, solitary, which bear in a liquid droplet, hyaline, aseptate, smooth, ellipsoid, fusiform, falcate or clavate, rarely with a single simple setula at each end. The typical features of HMZNC0426 strain: The longer setiform conidiophores lack a dense and branched conidiogenous structure throughout their growth, but produce a series of short, irregularly branched conidiogenous structure at the apex. The base of the longer setiform conidiophores are often accompanied by a shorter conidiophore with apical conidiogenous structure. The typical features of HMZNC0356 strain: The conidiophores have no lateral setiform branches, and the conidiogenous structure is produced at a single site near the middle of the conidiophores. The conidiogenous cells are closely and irregularly arranged in the middle of the conidiophores. The typical features of HMZNC0381 strain: There are 2–5 lateral setiform branches in the lower middle part of the conidiospores. The main body and part of the lateral branches have a series of irregular, short branches on which produce conidiogenous cells form fertile regions. Fertile areas are located at the lower part of the lateral branches, forming compact, branched, light-colored to light brown conidiogenous cells. The typical features of HMZNC0427 strain: There is a lateral setiform branch in the middle of the conidiospores, which is shorter, and the fertile area is located at the lower end of the lateral branch. Identified by the above characteristics, K. nanophora Kuthub. & Nawawi (HMZNC0426) and K. spissa P. M. Kirk & B. Sutton (HMZNC0356) are as new records species to China; K. pughii Kuthub. & Nawawi (HMZNC0381) and K. australiensis Goh & K. D. Hyde (HMZNC0427) are as new recorded species to mainland China. The examined specimens are deposited in the Mycological Herbarium of Zunyi Normal College (HMZNC).

Keywords: Dematiaceous hyphomycetes; Kionochaeta; new record species

DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-2561.2022.01.010

Kionochaeta[1]由KIRK和SUTTON在1985年將Chaetopsina ?Rambelli中分生孢子梗為暗色、在100%乳酸中分生孢子梗不變黃,有性型為 Sphaeriaceae的4個組合種:K. ramifera (Matsush.) P. M. Kirk & B. Sutton (≡Chaetopsina ramifera Matsush.)[2]、K. ivoriensis (Rambelli & Lunghini) P. M. Kirk & B. Sutton (≡Chaetopsina ivoriensis Rambelli & Lunghini)[3]、K. keniensis (P. M. Kirk) P. M. Kirk & B. Sutton (≡Chaetopsina keniensis P. M. Kirk)[4]和K. virtuosa (Rambelli & Lunghini) P. M. Kirk & B. Sutton (≡Chaetopsina virtuosa Rambelli & Lunghini)[5]納入Kionochaeta;此外,又增加了K. aristata P. M. Kirk,K. malaysiana P. M. Kirk和K. spissa P. M. Kirk & B. Sutton 3個新種,并以K. ramifera作為模式種建立該屬。

KUTHUBUTHEEN等[6]在1988年增添了2個新種K. pughii Kuthub. & Nawawi和K. nanophora Kuthub. & Nawawi。隨后在1994—2019年又陸續(xù)增加了K. pini Crous, M. J. Wingf. & W. B. Kendr.; K. australiensis Goh & K. D. Hyde; K. pleomorpha R. F. Casta?eda, W. B. Kendr. & Guarro; K. castaneae C. G. Lin & J. K. Liu; K. microspora C. G. Lin & K. D. Hyde和K. filamentosa Yanna & K. D. Hyde共6個新種[7-11];在1998年CASTA?EDA等根據(jù)其簇生的產(chǎn)孢結(jié)構(gòu)相似K. nanophora,同時具有桿狀的分生孢子和具3個共源性狀(Heteroconium, Selenosporella, Sporidesmiella)的特征將其作為新組合種移入K. pleomorpha (≡Phialocorona pleomorpha Subram.)[9, 12],但目前許多科學家還是認同原來對該種的分類,在Index Fungorum中該種已被移出。目前在Index Fungorum中有效種共14個種。

Kionochaeta在分生孢子梗、產(chǎn)孢方式及分生孢子形態(tài)上與Zanclospora S. Hughes & W.B. Kendr.[13]和Chaetopsina 2個屬相似。Chaetopsina的分生孢子梗淡色、在100%乳酸為黃色,有性型為叢赤殼科(Nectriaceae);Zanclospora與Kionochaeta的分生孢子梗為暗色,在100%的乳酸中不變黃,有性型為球殼科(Sphaeriaceae),但Zanclosporaa的產(chǎn)孢細胞無柄,直接以輪生形式排列在不具剛毛狀分生孢子梗上;而Kionochaeta的產(chǎn)孢細胞具柄,以多樣方式排列在剛毛狀分生孢子梗上。

1 ?材料與方法

1.1 ?材料

標本材料采集自貴州省習水國家自然保護區(qū)(長嵌溝管理站)和貴州省燕子巖國家自然森林公園。采集標本時,選擇不同生境條件進行采集,截成10 cm左右的小段,裝入封口袋,貼上標簽(注明采集地、時間、植被(可辨別)、經(jīng)緯度及海拔等),帶回實驗室處理。

1.2 ?方法

對野外采集的枯枝按采集區(qū)域進行整理、分類及編號,截成5~7 cm左右的小段,裝入放有濕潤吸水紙的塑料培養(yǎng)皿中,25℃保濕培養(yǎng),2周后鏡檢。

將上述枯枝在體視鏡下用細挑針在其表面挑取多個具完整結(jié)構(gòu)的暗色絲孢菌個體,制成永久性玻片,根據(jù)菌株的大小、形態(tài)等選擇適宜的倍數(shù)拍照,用Adobe Photoshop CS6軟件和Imag-Pro Plus 5.0軟件進行制圖及測量,查閱相關(guān)書籍、文獻對菌株進行屬、種的形態(tài)學鑒定。

2 ?結(jié)果與分析

2.1 ?納米懸刺毛孢Kionochaeta nanophora Kuthub. & Nawawi 1988

菌落疏展,稀疏,褐色至深褐色。菌絲體部分表生,由分枝、光滑、具隔、淺褐色至褐色,寬2.5~4.0 μm的菌絲組成。分生孢子梗有2種類型:(1)粗大,單生,直立,直或稍彎曲,光滑,可達6~12個隔膜,錐形,褐色至黑褐色,最長達250 μm,寬6.5~10.5 μm,剛毛狀,頂端淺色,偶在頂端產(chǎn)生短的、不規(guī)則分枝的產(chǎn)孢細胞形成可育區(qū)域(圖1A);(2)較長剛毛狀分生孢子梗常伴生短的,直立,直或稍彎曲,光滑,褐色至黑褐色,達2~6個隔膜,大小為62~129 μm×3.5~ 5.5 μm,頂部淺褐色,在頂端以輪生的方式產(chǎn)生一系列緊湊、不規(guī)則的短分枝,在其上產(chǎn)生產(chǎn)孢細胞構(gòu)成可育分枝(圖1B)。產(chǎn)孢細胞安瓿形至燒瓶形,最寬2.5~3.0 μm,頂端具一模糊的“圍領(lǐng)”結(jié)構(gòu),寬0.5~1.0 μm。分生孢子內(nèi)壁芽生式,頂生,單生,無隔膜,光滑,梭形或棒狀,大小為4.0~6.0 μm×0.6~1.2 μm(圖1)。

研究標本:貴州省習水國家自然保護區(qū)(長嵌溝自然保護區(qū));1380.7 m;28°24′42.26″ N,106°09′49.58″ E;未鑒定枯枝;2017年11月28日;HMZNC0426。

本菌株較長剛毛狀分生孢子梗在整個生長過程中缺乏緊密、分枝的產(chǎn)孢結(jié)構(gòu),但頂端可能產(chǎn)生一系列短的不規(guī)則分枝的產(chǎn)孢細胞,剛毛狀分生孢子?;砍0樯环N頂端具產(chǎn)孢結(jié)構(gòu),較短的分生孢子梗。這種典型特征在Kionochaeta目前所報道的14個物種中,僅K. nanophora與本菌株相似,且本菌株的分生孢子大小與K. nanophora的原始描述也相似(4.0~6.0 μm×0.6~1.2 μm vs 5~7 μm×0.8~1.2 μm),同時其他特征與原始描述也基本一致,故將本菌株定為K. nanophora。

K. nanophora國外僅在馬來西亞彭亨州有報道,在中國屬于首次報道,故將其定為中國新記錄種。

2.2 ?穗狀懸刺毛孢Kionochaeta spissa P. M. Kirk & B. Sutton 1986

菌落疏展,稀疏,深褐色至黑褐色。菌絲體部分表生,由光滑、分枝、具隔、淺褐色至褐色,寬2.5~3.5 μm的菌絲組成。分生孢子梗粗大,單生,簡單,直立,直或稍彎曲,錐形,光滑,褐色至深褐色,大小為150~280 μm×4.2~5.6 μm,頂端逐漸變淺,寬2.2~3.0 μm,基部膨大,寬6.3~ 8.3 μm??捎种χ诜稚咦庸=胁繂我晃稽c上,以輪生方式直接產(chǎn)生在2~4個相鄰隔膜處下方,組成一系列緊湊、不規(guī)則短的分枝,在其上產(chǎn)生產(chǎn)孢細胞。產(chǎn)孢細胞燒瓶形,淺褐色至褐色,大小為5.6~8.0 μm×2.0~3.2 μm,頂端具一不清楚的圍領(lǐng),寬0.9~1.3 μm。分生孢子內(nèi)壁芽生式,頂生,單生,狹棍棒狀至梭形,稍彎曲,大小為3.6~6.4 μm×0.8~1.2 μm,頂端鈍圓,基部變細,透明,光滑,無隔膜(圖2)。

研究標本:貴州省燕子巖國家級自森林公園;790 m;28°27′51.45″ N,105°44′39.25″ E;未鑒定枯枝;2017年9月19日;HMZNC0356。

本菌株典型特征:分生孢子梗無側(cè)生剛毛狀分枝,產(chǎn)胞結(jié)構(gòu)產(chǎn)生在分生孢子梗近中部單一位點上,產(chǎn)孢細胞緊密、無規(guī)則排列在分生孢子梗中部,這些特征與K. ivoriensis和K. spissa較為相似。但前者產(chǎn)孢細胞具不明顯的柄且較分散,而后者產(chǎn)孢細胞產(chǎn)生在緊密、聚集成一系列分枝上;同時本菌株與后者分生孢子大?。?.6~6.4 μm×0.8~1.2 μm vs 4.5~6.5 μm×l~l.5 μm)也基本一致。故將本菌株定為K. spissa。

K. spissa在日本、印度和肯尼亞有報道,在中國屬首次報道,故將其定為中國新記錄種。

2.3 ?荸薺懸刺毛孢Kionochaeta pughii Kuthub. & Nawawi 1988

菌落疏展,稀疏,褐色至暗褐色。菌絲體部分表生在基質(zhì)上,由分枝、光滑、具隔、淺褐色至褐色的菌絲組成。分生孢子梗粗大,單生,直立,直或稍彎曲,光滑,8~16個隔膜,錐形,褐色至暗褐色,長214~275 μm,基部較寬,深褐色,寬8~25 μm,頂端逐漸變細,淺褐色,寬10~27 μm;側(cè)枝以輪生的方式著生在主軸中下部,3~5根分枝,褐色至暗褐色,錐形,光滑,3~7個隔膜,大小為69~128 μm×3.5~5.5 μm;主軸和側(cè)枝的部分頂端著生一系列不規(guī)則、短的分枝,其上產(chǎn)生產(chǎn)孢細胞,從而形成可育區(qū)域;可育區(qū)域位于側(cè)枝下端,構(gòu)成緊密,分枝,透明至淺褐色的產(chǎn)孢細胞。產(chǎn)孢細胞安瓿形至燒瓶形,大小為6.5~ 8.5 μm×3.2~4.0 μm,淺褐色至褐色,頂端具有一不明顯圍領(lǐng),寬0.8~1.6 μm。分生孢子內(nèi)壁芽生式,頂生,單生,紡錘形,無色,光滑,無隔膜,大小為5~8 μm×0.8~1.2 μm(圖3)。

研究標本:貴州省習水國家自然保護區(qū)(長嵌溝自然保護區(qū));1380.7 m;28°24′42.26″ N,106°09′49.58″ E;未鑒定枯枝;2017年11月18日;HMZNC0381。

本菌株的分生孢子梗中下部著生2~5根側(cè)生的剛毛狀分枝,主軸和側(cè)枝的部分頂端可育,可育區(qū)域位于側(cè)枝下端。這些特征與K. pughii、K. ramifera、K. castaneae和K. keniensis 4個種較相似,K. keniensis的分生孢子具剛毛;而K. ramifera和K. castaneae的分生孢子梗中下部雖然具生的剛毛狀分枝,但二者的側(cè)枝的頂端的不育的,而K. pughii分生孢子梗和側(cè)枝的頂端可育,且側(cè)枝可達3~6根。從以上特征可看出,本菌株在形態(tài)上與K. pughii十分相似,且分生孢子大小也基本一致(5~8 μm×0.8~1.2 μm vs 5.5~7.0 μm×1~1.2 μm),故將本菌株定為K. pughii。

K. pughii在澳大利亞北昆士蘭有報道,在中國香港也有報道,但在中國內(nèi)地未見報道,因此將其定為大陸新記錄種。

2.4 ?澳洲懸刺毛孢Kionochaeta australiensis Goh & K.D. Hyde 1997

菌落分散,稀疏,褐色。菌絲體部分表生,由分枝、光滑、具隔、淺褐色菌絲組成。分生孢子梗粗大,單生,直立,直或稍彎曲,剛毛狀,厚壁,光滑,達15個隔膜,錐形,淺褐色至深褐色,大小為263~277 μm×6.7~8.7 μm,基部略寬,寬7.8~9.4 μm,深褐色,頂端逐漸變細,寬3.0~ 4.5 μm,蒼白色,無分枝或從主軸的中部產(chǎn)生單一的剛毛狀側(cè)枝,直或稍彎曲,光滑,4~5個隔膜,大小為47~58 μm×6.7~9.7 μm,褐色至深褐色,錐形;可育區(qū)域位于主軸近中部,由緊密,近透明至淺褐色、不規(guī)則分枝的構(gòu)成,其上產(chǎn)生產(chǎn)孢細胞。產(chǎn)孢細胞離生,安瓿形或燒瓶型,近透明至透明,5.4~8.2 μm,基部寬2.2~3.3 μm,頂端逐漸變細,寬1.1~1.6 μm。分生孢子內(nèi)壁芽生式,頂生,單生,橢圓形至紡錘形,透明,光滑,大小為4.4~5.9 μm×1.1~1.4 μm(圖4)。

研究標本:貴州省習水國家自然保護區(qū)(長嵌溝自然保護區(qū));1380.7 m;28°24′42.26″ N,106°09′49.58″ E;未鑒定枯枝;2017年11月28日;HMZNC0427。

本菌株分生孢子梗中部著生1根側(cè)生的剛毛狀分枝,較短,可育區(qū)域位于側(cè)枝下端,分生孢子無隔膜,兩端無剛毛,這些特征與K. australiensis相似,且分生孢子大小也基本一致(4.4~ 5.9 μm×1.1~1.4 μm vs 4~5 μm×1~1.5 μm),但本菌株與K. australiensis模式種相比有明顯的不同,K. australiensis模式種的分生孢子梗主軸和側(cè)枝都具有可育區(qū)域,而本菌株可能因為菌株材料較少及發(fā)育階段的原因而未達到產(chǎn)生可育部位,但從分生孢子梗的顏色、長度,側(cè)枝的著生特征,可育區(qū)域的位置及分生孢子大小等特征都與K. australiensis模式種相似,因此還是將本種定為K. australiensis。

K. australiensis在澳大利亞有報道,在中國香港見報道,故定為中國大陸新記錄種。

參考文獻

[1] KIRK P M, SUTTON B C. A reassessment of the anamorph genus Chaetopsina (Hyphomycetes)[J]. Transactions of the British Mycological Society, 1985, 85(4): 709-717.

[2] MATSUSHIMA T. Microfungi of the solomon islands and papua-new guinea[M]. Japan: Nippon Printing Publishing Co., 1971: 1-78.

[3] RAMBELLI A, LUNGHINI D. Chaetopsina ivoriensis, a new species of Dematiaceous hyphomycetes[J]. Giornale Botanico Italiano, 1976, 110(3): 253-258.

[4] KIRK P M. New or interesting microfungi XIV. Dematiaceous hyphomycetes from Mt. Kenya[J]. Mycotaxon, 1985, 23: 305-352.

[5] RAMBELLI A, LUNGHINI D. Chaetopsina species from tropical forest litter[J]. Transactions of the British Mycological Society, 1979, 72(3): 491-493.

[6] KUTHUBUTHEEN A J, NAWAWI A. Two new species of Kionochaeta (Hyphomycetes) and K. ramifera from Malaysia[J]. Transactions of the British Mycological Society, 1988, 90: 437-444.

[7] CROUS P W, WINGFIELD M J, KENDRICK W B. Kiono?chaeta pini sp. nov. and Verrucophragmia splendens gen. nov. from leaf litter in South Africa[J]. Mycologia, 1994, 86(3): 447-450.

[8] GOH T K, HYDE K D. The generic distinction between Chaetopsina and Kionochaeta, with descriptions of two new species[J]. Mycological Research, 1997, 101(12): 1517-1523.

[9] CASTANEDA R F, KENDRICK W B, GUARRO J. Notes on conidial fungi. XVII. Amphophialis, anam. gen. nov[J]. Mycotaxon, 1998, 68: 11-17.

[10] LIN C G, MCKENZIE E H C, LIU J K, JONES E B G, HYDE K D. Hyaline-spored chaetosphaeriaceous hypho-mycetes from Thailand and China, with a review of the family Chaetosphaeriaceae[J]. Mycosphere, 2019, 10(1): 655-700.

[11] YANNA, HYDE K D. New saprobic fungi on fronds of palms from northern Queensland, Australia[J]. Australian Systematic Botany, 2002, 15(6): 755-764.

[12] SUBRAMANIAN C V. Phialocorona pleomorpha gen. et sp. nov. and its synanamorphs[J]. Cryptogamie Mycologie, 1993, 14(1): 45-55.

[13] HUGHES S J, KENDRICK W B. New Zealand Fungi 4. Zanclospora gen. nov[J]. New Zealand Journal of Botany, 1965, 3: 151-158.