邢布點(diǎn),魏婷,盧園園,冷俊杰,康品方,張寧汝
持續(xù)性心房顫動(dòng)患者血清MMP-9水平變化及其對(duì)射頻消融術(shù)后房顫復(fù)發(fā)的預(yù)測(cè)效能
邢布點(diǎn)1,2,魏婷1,盧園園3,冷俊杰1,康品方1,張寧汝1
1 蚌埠醫(yī)學(xué)院第一附屬醫(yī)院心血管科,安徽蚌埠 233000;2 蚌埠醫(yī)學(xué)院第一附屬醫(yī)院心腦血管疾病基礎(chǔ)與臨床重點(diǎn)實(shí)驗(yàn)室;3 蚌埠醫(yī)學(xué)院附屬蚌埠第三人民醫(yī)院
觀察持續(xù)性心房顫動(dòng)(AF)患者血清基質(zhì)金屬蛋白酶-9(MMP-9)水平變化,分析其對(duì)持續(xù)性AF患者射頻消融術(shù)后復(fù)發(fā)的預(yù)測(cè)效能。AF患者154例,包括陣發(fā)性AF患者54例(陣發(fā)性組)、持續(xù)性AF患者60例(持續(xù)性組)、永久性AF患者40例(永久性組)。選取健康體檢者110例記為對(duì)照組。60例持續(xù)性AF患者采用射頻消融術(shù)治療消除房顫,術(shù)后隨訪,依據(jù)是否發(fā)生AF復(fù)發(fā)分為復(fù)發(fā)組11例、未復(fù)發(fā)組49例。采用ELISA法檢測(cè)各組血清MMP-9、金屬蛋白酶組織抑制劑-1(TIMP-1)。以單因素分析中差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義的指標(biāo)為自變量,采用二元Logistic回歸分析法分析持續(xù)性AF患者射頻消融術(shù)后復(fù)發(fā)的影響因素。采用受試者工作特征曲線(ROC)分析血清MMP-9對(duì)持續(xù)性AF患者射頻消融術(shù)后復(fù)發(fā)的預(yù)測(cè)效能。陣發(fā)性組、持續(xù)性組、永久性組、對(duì)照組血清MMP-9、TIMP-1表達(dá)水平組間相比,均<0.05。復(fù)發(fā)組患者血清MMP-9表達(dá)水平顯著高于未復(fù)發(fā)組(<0.05)。血清MMP-9(=1.140,95%:1.053~1.708,<0.05)是持續(xù)性AF患者射頻消融術(shù)后復(fù)發(fā)的獨(dú)立影響因素。血清MMP-9水平預(yù)測(cè)持續(xù)性AF患者射頻消融術(shù)后復(fù)發(fā)的AUC為0.779(<0.01),取截?cái)嘀禐?4.30 ng/mL時(shí),血清MMP-9水平預(yù)測(cè)持續(xù)性AF患者射頻消融術(shù)后復(fù)發(fā)的靈敏度為66.8%、特異度為81.9%。不同類型AF患者血清MMP-9、TIMP-1表達(dá)水平存在差異;射頻消融術(shù)后復(fù)發(fā)的持續(xù)性AF患者血清MMP-9表達(dá)水平升高,血清MMP-9是持續(xù)性AF患者射頻消融術(shù)后復(fù)發(fā)的獨(dú)立影響因素,檢測(cè)血清MMP-9可用于持續(xù)性AF患者射頻消融術(shù)后復(fù)發(fā)的預(yù)測(cè)。
心房顫動(dòng);持續(xù)性心房顫動(dòng);基質(zhì)金屬蛋白酶-9;金屬蛋白酶組織抑制劑-1;射頻消融術(shù)
心房顫動(dòng)(atrial fibrillation,AF)簡(jiǎn)稱房顫,作為最常見的持續(xù)性心律失常,近年來房顫的發(fā)病率越來越高[1-2]。AF除了引起心悸不適,甚至誘發(fā)心力衰竭,更嚴(yán)重甚至造成患者發(fā)生缺血性卒中等血栓栓塞性疾?。?]。有研究[4]發(fā)現(xiàn),AF增加了缺血性卒中的風(fēng)險(xiǎn),其缺血性卒中的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)是非AF患者的4~5倍,可致20%病死率及近60%致殘率,嚴(yán)重危害人類生命健康。對(duì)于持續(xù)性AF患者而言,轉(zhuǎn)復(fù)并維持竇律能夠給其帶來更多益處,目前導(dǎo)管射頻消融可以維持竇性心律,但持續(xù)性AF患者射頻消融術(shù)后復(fù)律治療存在的問題是一部分患者復(fù)律后容易復(fù)發(fā)。然而,AF發(fā)生和持續(xù)性AF患者射頻消融術(shù)后復(fù)發(fā)的機(jī)制迄今為止仍無一個(gè)確切的定論[5]。因此,深入探討AF的發(fā)病機(jī)制以及持續(xù)性AF患者射頻消融術(shù)后復(fù)發(fā)的影響因素顯得尤為必要的。近年來主流觀點(diǎn)認(rèn)為,心房電重構(gòu)和結(jié)構(gòu)重構(gòu)與AF的發(fā)病機(jī)制有著密切聯(lián)系。心房間質(zhì)內(nèi)纖維細(xì)胞增生、心房纖維化和心房擴(kuò)大是心房結(jié)構(gòu)重構(gòu)的主要表現(xiàn),其中心房纖維化已經(jīng)成為心房結(jié)構(gòu)重構(gòu)一種重要的病理生理基礎(chǔ)[6-7]。有研究在AF患者和快速起搏的AF動(dòng)物模型中發(fā)現(xiàn),左心房發(fā)生了不同程度的纖維化,且隨著心房纖維化程度的增加,AF復(fù)發(fā)頻率升高,這表明AF持續(xù)存在和不易轉(zhuǎn)復(fù)可能與心房纖維化有關(guān)[8-9]。心肌纖維化主要表現(xiàn)為心肌細(xì)胞細(xì)胞外基質(zhì)(Extracellular matrix of cardiomyocytes,ECM)中膠原沉積,各型膠原比例失調(diào),各型膠原排列紊亂。ECM的改變與心房纖維化的形成有著密切的關(guān)系,其中基質(zhì)金屬蛋白酶(MMPs)在調(diào)節(jié)ECM重塑的過程中起著關(guān)鍵的作用。近年來的研究[10]顯示,MMP-9的過表達(dá)與心房纖維化有著密切聯(lián)系。金屬蛋白酶組織抑制因子(TIMPs)是MMPs的抑制物,其中TIMP-1能夠與MMP-9特異性結(jié)合,進(jìn)而抑制了MMP-9的活化,起到了調(diào)節(jié)MMP-9對(duì)ECM降解失衡的作用。本研究觀察了持續(xù)性AF患者血清MMP-9水平變化,分析血清MMP-9對(duì)持續(xù)性AF患者射頻消融術(shù)后復(fù)發(fā)的預(yù)測(cè)效能,現(xiàn)報(bào)告如下。
1.1臨床資料選取2020年3月—2021年3月蚌埠醫(yī)學(xué)院第一附屬醫(yī)院住院確診的AF患者154例,依據(jù)AF診斷和管理指南將其分為陣發(fā)性組54例、持續(xù)性組60例、永久性組40例。選取同時(shí)段心電圖表現(xiàn)為竇性節(jié)律的健康體檢者110例記為對(duì)照組。對(duì)照組研究對(duì)象入組時(shí)均排除慢性肺源性心臟病、先天性心臟病、急性心肌梗死、肝腎功能不全、腫瘤及其他系統(tǒng)疾病等。四組研究對(duì)象在年齡、性別、高血壓、糖尿病、腦梗死、BMI、WBC、肝腎功能、血脂等方面比較差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(均>0.05),資料具有可比性。
1.2各組血清MMP-9、TIMP-1檢測(cè)采用ELISA法。各組研究對(duì)象確診后空腹過夜,坐位休息30 min后采集靜脈血,立即置于4 ℃的冰柜中保存。血清標(biāo)本采集后30 min內(nèi),4 ℃條件下3 000 r/min離心15 min。使用Human MMP-9、Human TIMP-1(上海羽朵)ELISA檢測(cè)試劑盒,嚴(yán)格按照ELISA試劑盒說明書的步驟進(jìn)行操作,在酶標(biāo)儀上讀取450 nm處吸光度值,根據(jù)相應(yīng)的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)曲線,計(jì)算血清中MMP-9、TIMP-1的表達(dá)水平。
1.3持續(xù)性AF患者射頻消融術(shù)后臨床隨訪及分組對(duì)持續(xù)性組60例AF患者射頻消融術(shù)后進(jìn)行為期(12 ± 1)個(gè)月的隨訪,隨訪內(nèi)容主要包括體表心電圖或動(dòng)態(tài)心電圖,記錄有無AF復(fù)發(fā)。AF復(fù)發(fā)定義為:AF消融后AF/心房撲動(dòng)/心房快速性心律失常的復(fù)發(fā),持續(xù)時(shí)間至少30 s。依據(jù)是否發(fā)生AF復(fù)發(fā)將60例持續(xù)性AF患者分為復(fù)發(fā)組11例、未復(fù)發(fā)組49例。采用“1.2”方法檢測(cè)血清MMP-9、TIMP-1。
2.1陣發(fā)性組、持續(xù)性組、永久性組、對(duì)照組血清MMP-9、TIMP-1表達(dá)水平比較陣發(fā)性組、持續(xù)性組、永久性組、對(duì)照組血清MMP-9、TIMP-1表達(dá)水平比較見表1。由表1可知,各組間血清MMP-9、TIMP-1表達(dá)水平相比,均<0.05。
表1 陣發(fā)性組、持續(xù)性組、永久性組、對(duì)照組血清MMP-9和TIMP-1表達(dá)水平比較( ± s)
注:與對(duì)照組相比,a<0.05;與陣發(fā)性組相比,b<0.05;與持續(xù)性組相比,c<0.05。
2.2射頻消融術(shù)后復(fù)發(fā)的持續(xù)性AF患者血清MMP-9、TIMP-1表達(dá)水平變化及其預(yù)測(cè)效能
2.2.1復(fù)發(fā)組、未復(fù)發(fā)組患者血清MMP-9、TIMP-1表達(dá)水平比較復(fù)發(fā)組患者血清MMP-9、TIMP-1表達(dá)水平分別為(16.68 ± 1.76)ng/mL、(12.84 ± 1.49)ng/mL,未復(fù)發(fā)組患者血清MMP-9、TIMP-1表達(dá)水平分別為(14.12 ± 1.67)ng/mL、(12.79 ± 1.46)ng/mL,其中復(fù)發(fā)組患者血清MMP-9表達(dá)水平顯著高于未復(fù)發(fā)組(<0.05)。
2.2.2持續(xù)性AF患者射頻消融術(shù)后復(fù)發(fā)的影響因素以是否復(fù)發(fā)為因變量,以MMP-9為協(xié)變量進(jìn)行二元Logistic回歸分析,結(jié)果顯示血清MMP-9(=1.140,95%:1.053~1.708,<0.05)是持續(xù)性AF患者射頻消融術(shù)后復(fù)發(fā)的獨(dú)立影響因素。
2.2.3血清MMP-9對(duì)持續(xù)性AF患者射頻消融術(shù)后復(fù)發(fā)的預(yù)測(cè)效能血清MMP-9水平預(yù)測(cè)持續(xù)性AF患者射頻消融術(shù)后復(fù)發(fā)的ROC見圖1。血清MMP-9水平預(yù)測(cè)持續(xù)性AF患者射頻消融術(shù)后復(fù)發(fā)的AUC為0.779(<0.01),取截?cái)嘀禐?4.30 ng/mL時(shí),血清MMP-9水平預(yù)測(cè)持續(xù)性AF患者射頻消融術(shù)后復(fù)發(fā)的靈敏度為66.8%、特異度為81.9%。
圖1 血清MMP-9水平預(yù)測(cè)持續(xù)性AF患者射頻消融術(shù)后復(fù)發(fā)的ROC
近年來AF發(fā)病率逐年上升[1-2],但其機(jī)制尚不完全明確,可能與心房肌細(xì)胞局灶性自律性增高、沖動(dòng)傳導(dǎo)異常、心房重構(gòu)等相關(guān)[12-13]。其中,心房重構(gòu)在AF的發(fā)病機(jī)制中作用越來越受到眾多學(xué)者的認(rèn)可,其被認(rèn)為是AF發(fā)生、持續(xù)存在的重要病理基礎(chǔ)[14]。AF加重心房負(fù)荷,特別是對(duì)于左房負(fù)荷,心房重構(gòu)又進(jìn)一步加重AF的嚴(yán)重程度,二者相互促進(jìn),成為AF發(fā)生、維持的主要機(jī)制,即AF連綴現(xiàn)象[15]。
心房纖維化是心房結(jié)構(gòu)重構(gòu)的主要過程,在AF發(fā)生和持續(xù)中起著關(guān)鍵作用[16]。心肌細(xì)胞ECM中膠原沉積是心房纖維化的主要特征,同時(shí)對(duì)AF維持有重要作用。在調(diào)節(jié)ECM代謝過程中,MMPs與TIMPs的調(diào)節(jié)發(fā)揮著重要作用。MMP-9能夠特異性降解ECM,而TIMP-1是MMP-9的特異性抑制物,能夠抑制MMP-9的活化,從而對(duì)MMP-9降解ECM起到了調(diào)節(jié)作用。各種原因引起的MMP-9/TIMP-1的失衡都能夠?qū)е翬CM降解的失衡[17]。因而,MMP-9/TIMP-1的失衡與AF的發(fā)生和維持過程有著緊密的聯(lián)系。國(guó)內(nèi)外的研究[18-20]均表明,MMP-9/TIMP-1的失衡會(huì)促使AF的心房結(jié)構(gòu)重構(gòu),進(jìn)而促使AF的發(fā)生和維持。本研究中觀察到,與對(duì)照組相比,AF患者血清中MMP-9水平是升高的,TIMP-1水平是降低的,且在AF各組中,與陣發(fā)性組比較,持續(xù)性組血清MMP-9水平是升高的,較永久性組是顯著降低的,而TIMP-1水平與之呈現(xiàn)相反的趨勢(shì),這提示MMP-9、TIMP-1的水平和AF類型相關(guān)。隨著AF的嚴(yán)重程度增加,MMP-9的水平越高,而TIMP-1的水平越低,說明MMP-9/TIMP-1的失衡促進(jìn)了AF的心房結(jié)構(gòu)重構(gòu),進(jìn)而促使了AF的發(fā)生和維持,這與文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道結(jié)果基本一致??紤]其機(jī)理可能為AF發(fā)生時(shí),MMP-9/TIMP-1的失衡,造成ECM成分的降解的不平衡,進(jìn)而導(dǎo)致了異常的膠原蛋白及結(jié)締組織的合成,同時(shí)由于心肌細(xì)胞間隙失去正常ECM,其被纖維組織填充,使得纖維化漸漸加重。心房逐漸纖維化,誘發(fā)心房壓力升高,進(jìn)一步造成心房肌細(xì)胞過度拉長(zhǎng),進(jìn)而促使了心房腔的擴(kuò)大。
隨著研究的深入,盡管導(dǎo)管射頻消融明顯改善了AF患者的預(yù)后,但AF復(fù)發(fā)仍很常見,其復(fù)發(fā)的機(jī)制越來越引起人們的關(guān)注,但其具體機(jī)制尚不明確。而在本次研究中對(duì)于接受射頻消融術(shù)后的60例持續(xù)性AF患者進(jìn)行為期(12 ± 1)個(gè)月的隨訪發(fā)現(xiàn),射頻消融術(shù)后復(fù)發(fā)組患者血清MMP-9水平較未復(fù)發(fā)組是明顯升高的,而血清TIMP-1水平較未復(fù)發(fā)組無明顯改變。由此,我們推測(cè)MMP-9可能參與了持續(xù)性AF患者射頻消融術(shù)后的復(fù)發(fā)。其機(jī)理可能是MMP-9/TIMP-1調(diào)控失衡,MMP-9過表達(dá),促進(jìn)了心房的結(jié)構(gòu)重構(gòu),進(jìn)而引起了持續(xù)性AF射頻消融術(shù)后再次復(fù)發(fā),這與陳俊等[22]的發(fā)現(xiàn)相一致。同時(shí),本研究發(fā)現(xiàn)血清MMP-9是持續(xù)性AF術(shù)后復(fù)發(fā)的獨(dú)立影響因子,且經(jīng)ROC曲線分析顯示,MMP-9預(yù)測(cè)房顫射頻消融術(shù)后復(fù)發(fā)的ROC曲線下面積為0.779,取最佳截?cái)嘀?4.30 ng/mL,其靈敏度為66.8%、特異度為81.9%,這為臨床醫(yī)生對(duì)持續(xù)性AF術(shù)后復(fù)發(fā)預(yù)后判斷的增加了理論依據(jù)。
綜上所述,不同類型AF患者血清MMP-9、TIMP-1表達(dá)水平存在差異;射頻消融術(shù)后復(fù)發(fā)的持續(xù)性AF患者血清MMP-9表達(dá)水平升高,血清MMP-9是持續(xù)性AF患者射頻消融術(shù)后復(fù)發(fā)的獨(dú)立影響因素,檢測(cè)血清MMP-9可用于持續(xù)性AF患者射頻消融術(shù)后復(fù)發(fā)的預(yù)測(cè),具有一定的臨床應(yīng)用價(jià)值。
[1] JANUARY C T, WANN L S, ALPERT J S, et al. ACC/AHA Task Force Members. 2014 AHA/ACC/HRS guideline for the management of patients with atrial fibrillation: a report of the American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association Task Force on practice guidelines and the Heart Rhythm Society[J]. Circulation, 2014,130(23):e199-267.
[2] EMELIA J B, PAUL M, ALVARO A, et al. Heart Disease and stroke statistics-2019 update: a report from the American Heart Association[J]. Circulation, 2019,139:e56-e528.
[3] LIPPI G, SANCHIS-GOMAR F, CERVELLIN G. Global epidemiology of atrial fibrillation: An increasing epidemic and public health challenge[J]. Int J Stroke, 2021,16(2):217-221.
[4] 中華醫(yī)學(xué)會(huì)心電生理和起搏分會(huì),中國(guó)醫(yī)師協(xié)會(huì)心律學(xué)專業(yè)委員會(huì),中國(guó)房顫中心聯(lián)盟心房顫動(dòng)防治專家工作委員會(huì).心房顫動(dòng):目前的認(rèn)識(shí)和治療建議(2021)[J].中華心律失常學(xué)雜志,2022,26(1):15-88.
[5] LAU D H, SCHOTTEN U, MAHAJAN R, et al. Novel mechanisms in the pathogenesis of atrial fibrillation: practical applications[J]. Eur Heart J, 2016,37(20):1573-1581.
[6] SAGRIS M, VARDAS E P, THEOFILIS P, et al. Atrial fibrillation: pathogenesis, predisposing factors, and genetics[J]. Int J Mol Sci, 2021,23(1):6.
[7] 梁宇明,何燕.TGF-β/smads信號(hào)通路對(duì)心肌纖維化心房顫動(dòng)作用及機(jī)制的研究進(jìn)展[J].山東醫(yī)藥,2018,58(33):97-99.
[8] LIN C S, LAI L P, LIN J L, et al. Increased expression of extracellular matrix proteins in rapid atrial pacing-induced atrial fibrillation[J]. Heart Rhythm, 2007,4(7):938-949.
[9] LIN C S, PAN C H. Regulatory mechanisms of atrial fibrotic remodeling in atrial fibrillation[J]. Cell Mol Life Sci, 2008,65(10):1489-1508.
[10] MOE G W, LAURENT G, DOUMANOVSKAIA L, et al. Matrix metalloproteinase inhibition attenuates atrial remodeling and vulnerability to atrial fibrillation in a canine model of heart failure[J]. J Card Fail, 2008,14(9):768-776.
[11] EMELIA J B, PAUL M, ALVARO A, et al. Heart Disease and stroke statistics-2019 update: a report from the American Heart Association[J]. Circulation, 2019,139:e56-e528.
[12] MORIN D P, BERNARD M L, MADIAS C, et al. The state of the art: atrial fibrillation epidemiology, prevention, and treatment[J]. Mayo Clin Proc, 2016,91(12):1778-1810.
[13] LALANI G G, TRIKHA R, KRUMMEN D E, et al. Rotors and focal sources for human atrial fibrillation: mechanistic paradigm with direct clinical relevance[J]. Circ J, 2014,78(10):2357-2366.
[14] 張健,黃燕,黃從新.心房顫動(dòng)的解剖學(xué)因素[J].中國(guó)心臟起搏與心電生理雜志,2017,31(5):385-389.
[15] WIJESURENDRA R S, CASADEI B. Mechanisms of atrial fibrillation[J]. Heart, 2019,105(24):1860-1867.
[16] PENG Z, WEN-HENG L, QING Z, et al. Risk factors for late recurrence in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation after radiofrequency catheter ablation[J]. Ann Noninvasive Electrocardiol, 2021,27(2): e12924.
[17] TAN A Y, ZIMETBAUM P. Atrial fibrillation and atrial fibrosis[J]. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol, 2011,57(6):625-629.
[18] SWETHA R, GAYEN C, KUMAR D, et al. Biomolecular basis of matrix metallo proteinase-9 activity[J]. Future Med Chem, 2018,10(9):1093-1112.
[19] 陳俊,廖應(yīng)英,孫澤群.基質(zhì)金屬蛋白酶-9與心房顫動(dòng)的關(guān)系及對(duì)持續(xù)性心房顫動(dòng)患者復(fù)律治療后復(fù)發(fā)的預(yù)測(cè)價(jià)值[J].中國(guó)循環(huán)雜志,2017,32(1):67-71.
[20] STANCIU A E, VATASESCU R G, STANCIU M M, et al. The role of pro-fibrotic biomarkers in paroxysmal and persistent atrial fibrillation[J]. Cytokine, 2018,103:63-68.
Changes of serum MMP-9 levels in patients with persistent atrial fibrillation and its predictive efficacy for the recurrence of atrial fibrillation after radiofrequency ablation
1,,,,,
1,,233000,
To observe the changes of serum matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) levels in patients with persistent atrial fibrillation (AF), and to analyze its predictive efficacy for recurrence after radiofrequency ablation in patients with persistent AF.There were 154 patients with AF, including 54 patients with paroxysmal AF (paroxysmal group), 60 patients with persistent AF (persistent group) and 40 patients with permanent AF (permanent group). A total of 110 healthy subjects were selected as the control group. Sixty patients with persistent AF were treated with radiofrequency ablation to eliminate atrial fibrillation. According to the postoperative follow-up, they were divided into the recurrence group (11 cases) and non-recurrence group (49 cases). Serum MMP-9 and metalloproteinase tissue inhibitor-1 (TIMP-1) were detected by ELISA. The indicators with statistically significant differences in univariate analysis were used as independent variables, and the influencing factors of recurrence in patients with persistent AF after radiofrequency ablation were analyzed by binary Logistic regression analysis. The predictive efficacy of serum MMP-9 for recurrence in patients with persistent AF after radiofrequency ablation was analyzed by receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC).Significant differences were found in the expression levels of serum MMP-9 and TIMP-1 between the paroxysmal group, persistent group, permanent group and control group (all<0.05). The serum MMP-9 expression level in the recurrence group was significantly higher than that in the non-recurrence group (<0.05). Serum MMP-9 (=1.140,95%:1.053–1.708,<0.05) was an independent factor for recurrence in patients with persistent AF after radiofrequency ablation. The AUC of serum MMP-9 in patients with persistent AF after radiofrequency ablation was 0.779 (<0.01). When the cut-off value was 14.30 ng/mL, the sensitivity and specificity of serum MMP-9 in patients with persistent AF after radiofrequency ablation were 66.8% and 81.9%, respectively.The expression levels of MMP-9 and TIMP-1 in serum of patients with different types of AF are different. Serum MMP-9 expression level increases in patients with persistent AF after radiofrequency ablation. Serum MMP-9 is an independent factor for recurrence in patients with persistent AF after radiofrequency ablation. Detection of serum MMP-9 can be used to predict recurrence in patients with persistent AF after radiofrequency ablation.
atrial fibrillation; persistent atrial fibrillation; matrix metalloproteinase-9; metalloproteinase tissue inhibitor-1; radiofrequency ablation
10.3969/j.issn.1002-266X.2022.33.002
R541.75
A
1002-266X(2022)33-0005-04
國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金資助項(xiàng)目(81970313);安徽省重點(diǎn)研究和開發(fā)計(jì)劃(1804h08020246)。
邢布點(diǎn)(1993-),男,在讀研究生,住院醫(yī)師,主要研究方向?yàn)樾姆款潉?dòng)的診治。E-mail: 1955331749@qq.com
張寧汝(1970-),女,碩士,主任醫(yī)師,主要研究方向?yàn)樾姆款潉?dòng)的診治。E-mail: yiaocaoyaya@163.com
(2022-06-25)