程澤偉 劉寧 趙文科 鄭欣慧 周愛霞 周露玙
[摘要] 目的
分析健康類微信公眾號(hào)運(yùn)營指標(biāo),為其成功運(yùn)營提供參考。
方法 收集西瓜數(shù)據(jù)平臺(tái)和清博數(shù)據(jù)共享平臺(tái)的公眾號(hào)中各行業(yè)板塊數(shù)據(jù),分析并比較資訊、娛樂、文化、情感、財(cái)經(jīng)行業(yè)公眾號(hào)與健康行業(yè)公眾號(hào)間的差異。
結(jié)果 健康類公眾號(hào)在“預(yù)估活躍粉絲數(shù)目”和“頭條平均點(diǎn)贊”指標(biāo)上超過83%的其他行業(yè)公眾號(hào),在“頭條平均在看次數(shù)”指標(biāo)上超過79%的其他行業(yè)公眾號(hào),在“頭條平均評(píng)論條數(shù)”指標(biāo)上低于50%的其他行業(yè)公眾號(hào)。健康行業(yè)公眾號(hào)與資訊、娛樂行業(yè)公眾號(hào)在“預(yù)估活躍粉絲數(shù)目”指標(biāo)上的差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(Z=3.71、2.89,P<0.05)。具有專業(yè)資源和資質(zhì)的移動(dòng)醫(yī)療企業(yè)類和醫(yī)療機(jī)構(gòu)官方微信公眾號(hào)分別為9個(gè)和11個(gè),合計(jì)占比20%;未經(jīng)認(rèn)證的個(gè)人微信公眾號(hào)占比31%。
結(jié)論 具有專業(yè)資源和資質(zhì)的移動(dòng)醫(yī)療企業(yè)類和醫(yī)療機(jī)構(gòu)官方微信公眾號(hào)目前依然較少,大多數(shù)健康類公眾號(hào)的受眾數(shù)、內(nèi)容權(quán)威性以及專業(yè)覆蓋度都有待進(jìn)一步提高。
[關(guān)鍵詞] 微信公眾號(hào);轉(zhuǎn)化科學(xué),生物醫(yī)學(xué);健康教育
[中圖分類號(hào)] R193
[文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼] A
[文章編號(hào)] 2096-5532(2023)06-0930-04
doi:10.11712/jms.2096-5532.2023.59.187
[網(wǎng)絡(luò)出版] https://link.cnki.net/urlid/37.1517.R.20231229.1009.003;2024-01-02 10:46:31
ROLE OF WECHAT OFFICIAL ACCOUNTS FOR HEALTH IN THE POPULARIZATION OF MEDICAL AND HEALTH KNOW-
LEDGE
CHENG Zewei, LIU Ning, ZHAO Wenke, ZHENG Xinhui, ZHOU Aixia, ZHOU Luyu
(Institute for Translational Medicine of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266021, China)
; [ABSTRACT]ObjectiveTo investigatethe indicators for the successful operation of WeChat officialaccounts for health, and to provide a referencefor the successful operation of such WeChat officialaccounts.
MethodsThe data of WeChat official accounts were obtained through Xigua Data and Qingbo data platforms to analyze and compare the differences between the WeChat accounts of information, entertainment, culture, emotion, and financial industries and those of the health industry.
ResultsThe WeChat accounts of the healthy industry exceeded 83% of those of other industries in terms of the estimated number of active fans and the average number of likes on the headlines and exceeded 79% of the accounts of other industries in terms of the average number of views on the headlines, while the WeChat accounts of the healthy industry had a lower average number of comments on the headlines than the accounts of other industries. There was a significant difference in thenumber ofestimated active fans between the WeChat accounts of the healthy industry and those of the information and entertainment industries (Z=3.71,2.89;P<0.05). There are 9 official WeChat accounts of mobile medical enterprises and 11 official WeChat accounts of medical institutions with professional resources and qualifications, accounting for 20% of the total accounts, and the unauthenticated personal WeChat official accountsaccounted for 31%.
ConclusionThere are still a few WeChat official accounts of mobile medical enterprises and medical institutions with professional resources and qualifications at present, and most official accounts for health need to be further improved in terms of the number of audience, the authority of contents, and professional coverage.
[KEY WORDS]WeChat account; translational science, biomedical; health education
醫(yī)學(xué)健康知識(shí)的傳播普及是轉(zhuǎn)化醫(yī)學(xué)的重要組成部分,有助于提高醫(yī)療服務(wù)和健康水平。微信以其廣大的用戶基礎(chǔ)占據(jù)了很大的市場(chǎng),微信公眾號(hào)、微信小程序、朋友圈等在信息傳播中發(fā)揮著巨大作用[1]。研究人員和醫(yī)生也使用微信來學(xué)習(xí)專業(yè)知識(shí)或是作為課堂教學(xué)的輔助平臺(tái)[2]。微信公眾號(hào)能夠借助生活化推送、發(fā)布各種醫(yī)學(xué)健康知識(shí)來開展與用戶的互動(dòng),提升公民獲取和理解健康知識(shí)的能力,提高公民健康素養(yǎng)[3]。目前知名的健康類公眾號(hào)有“協(xié)和醫(yī)生說”“丁香園”“丁香醫(yī)生”和“醫(yī)學(xué)界”等。本文基于西瓜數(shù)據(jù)平臺(tái)和清博數(shù)據(jù)共享平臺(tái)總結(jié)了現(xiàn)有健康類微信公眾號(hào)的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀,分析了其運(yùn)營
指標(biāo),以利于促進(jìn)健康類醫(yī)學(xué)公眾號(hào)的良性發(fā)展,提高健康類醫(yī)學(xué)公眾號(hào)的影響。
1 資料與方法
1.1 資料來源
數(shù)據(jù)來源于西瓜數(shù)據(jù)平臺(tái)和清博數(shù)據(jù)共享平臺(tái)。西瓜數(shù)據(jù)平臺(tái)為微信公眾號(hào)和小程序等提供相關(guān)的數(shù)據(jù)服務(wù)并基于公眾號(hào)的活躍度、原創(chuàng)度、內(nèi)容質(zhì)量度、文章平均閱讀等的綜合評(píng)分進(jìn)行排名[4]。清博數(shù)據(jù)共享平臺(tái)專注于數(shù)據(jù)采集、數(shù)據(jù)處理、數(shù)據(jù)分析和數(shù)據(jù)應(yīng)用等方面,能夠?yàn)楦餍袠I(yè)提供高效、可靠的數(shù)據(jù)支持并通過數(shù)據(jù)共享的方式提供一些與微信相關(guān)的數(shù)據(jù)支持[5]。
1.2 研究方法
①收集西瓜數(shù)據(jù)平臺(tái)各行業(yè)板塊月榜前3名公眾號(hào)數(shù)據(jù),主要包括“預(yù)估活躍粉絲數(shù)目”“頭條平均點(diǎn)贊”“頭條平均在看次數(shù)”和“頭條平均評(píng)論條數(shù)”[6-10]。“預(yù)估活躍粉絲數(shù)目”是使用公眾號(hào)歷史推文數(shù)據(jù)對(duì)活躍粉絲數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行預(yù)估的一個(gè)值;“頭條平均點(diǎn)贊”是某一天公眾號(hào)發(fā)布的第一篇推文的點(diǎn)贊數(shù),取1個(gè)月的數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行平均;“頭條平均在看次數(shù)”是某一天公眾號(hào)發(fā)布的第一篇推文的在看次數(shù),取1個(gè)月的數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行平均;“頭條平均評(píng)論條數(shù)”是某一天公眾號(hào)發(fā)布的第一篇推文所在自然月內(nèi)的評(píng)論數(shù),取1個(gè)月的數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行平均。②選取資訊、娛樂、文化、媒體、情感行業(yè)分類中綜合排名前20的公眾號(hào)的“預(yù)估活躍粉絲數(shù)目”,與健康行業(yè)進(jìn)行比對(duì)。③選取清博數(shù)據(jù)共享平臺(tái)提供的數(shù)據(jù)作為樣本,對(duì)在2019年12月1—31日間微信傳播指數(shù)排名前100的健康類微信公眾號(hào)進(jìn)行分析[11]。
1.3 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法
采用Graphpad prism8.0軟件進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)分析。資訊、娛樂、文化、情感、財(cái)經(jīng)、健康行業(yè)前20位微信公眾號(hào)的“預(yù)估活躍粉絲數(shù)目”用中位數(shù)(四分位數(shù)間距)(M(IQR))表示,采用Mann-Whitney U檢驗(yàn)比較其他行業(yè)與健康行業(yè)間的差異。以P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2 結(jié)? 果
2.1 西瓜平臺(tái)健康類公眾號(hào)在全行業(yè)中的排位
各個(gè)行業(yè)代表性公眾號(hào)的“預(yù)估活躍粉絲數(shù)目”最高的前3位為資訊、娛樂和文化行業(yè),健康行業(yè)的公眾號(hào)整體還有很大的提升空間。見圖1。行業(yè)內(nèi)代表性優(yōu)質(zhì)公眾號(hào)所發(fā)表的頭條推送所獲得的“頭條平均點(diǎn)贊”最高的前3位為娛樂、資訊和財(cái)經(jīng)行業(yè),健康行業(yè)與資訊行業(yè)等相比還有一定的提升空間。見圖2。行業(yè)內(nèi)優(yōu)質(zhì)公眾號(hào)所發(fā)推送文章的“頭條平均在看次數(shù)”體現(xiàn)了受眾的數(shù)量。見圖3。行業(yè)代表性優(yōu)質(zhì)公眾號(hào)所發(fā)頭條推送文章的“頭條平均評(píng)論次數(shù)”反映了關(guān)注公眾號(hào)或是閱讀公眾號(hào)文章的粉絲對(duì)所發(fā)內(nèi)容的參與程度。排名靠前的萌寵、攝影行業(yè)需要交流的內(nèi)容比較多,對(duì)民眾生活的參與程度比較高,關(guān)注這些公眾號(hào)的人群也更愿意詢問或是交流討論。健康行業(yè)受眾的活躍度也有待進(jìn)一步提高。見圖4。
通過這4個(gè)指標(biāo)可以看出,健康行業(yè)的公眾號(hào)與其他行業(yè)相比還有很大的提升空間。通過排序分析,健康類公眾號(hào)在“預(yù)估活躍粉絲數(shù)目”和“頭條平均點(diǎn)贊”維度上超過79%的其他行業(yè),在“頭條平均在看次數(shù)”維度上超過76%的其他行業(yè),在“頭條平均評(píng)論條數(shù)”維度上超過62%的其他行業(yè)。反映出健康類公眾號(hào)受眾較廣,但是受眾參與度低的特點(diǎn)。
2.2 健康類行業(yè)與其他行業(yè)公眾號(hào)的“預(yù)估活躍粉絲數(shù)目”的比較
調(diào)查結(jié)果顯示,健康行業(yè)公眾號(hào)“預(yù)估活躍粉絲數(shù)目”(2 228 328(1 131 614))與資訊(3 527 315(2 034 589))和娛樂(1 429 929(388 859))行業(yè)比較差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(Z=3.71、2.89,P<0.05),與文化(2 800 307(3 445 827))、情感行業(yè)(2 098 388(2 098 388))和財(cái)經(jīng)(2 200 982(2 098 388))行業(yè)比較差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。
2.3 清博數(shù)據(jù)平臺(tái)健康類公眾號(hào)專業(yè)情況
2019年12月1—31日間微信傳播指數(shù)排名前100的健康類微信公眾號(hào)分析結(jié)果顯示,具有專業(yè)資源和資質(zhì)的移動(dòng)醫(yī)療企業(yè)類和醫(yī)療機(jī)構(gòu)官方微信公眾號(hào)分別為9個(gè)和11個(gè),合計(jì)占比20%;而專業(yè)資源和資質(zhì)相對(duì)不足的健康類大眾傳媒微信公眾號(hào)占49%,個(gè)人和未經(jīng)微信認(rèn)證的占比31%。
3 討? 論
本研究結(jié)果顯示,具有專業(yè)資源和資質(zhì)的微信公眾號(hào)依然較少[12-13]。在關(guān)注公眾號(hào)的人群及粉絲數(shù)方面,健康行業(yè)的公眾號(hào)整體還有很大的提升空間。頭條推送所獲得的“頭條平均點(diǎn)贊次數(shù)”反映了發(fā)文被廣大受眾認(rèn)可、喜歡的程度。與其他行業(yè)相比,健康行業(yè)的“頭條平均點(diǎn)贊次數(shù)”只占排名第一的娛樂行業(yè)的不到一半,存在很大提升空間。公眾號(hào)所發(fā)推送文章的“頭條平均在看次數(shù)”則體現(xiàn)了受眾的數(shù)量,雖然健康行業(yè)的優(yōu)質(zhì)公眾號(hào)排名超過了其他22個(gè)行業(yè),但是與前5名的資訊、文化、娛樂、財(cái)經(jīng)、情感等行業(yè)比較依然存在非常大的距離?!邦^條平均評(píng)論數(shù)目”反映受眾閱讀推送文章之后的參與互動(dòng)情況,比較顯示,健康行業(yè)與第一名的萌寵行業(yè)差距不算特別大,不過依然有可提升的空間。
目前知名的健康類公眾號(hào)有“協(xié)和醫(yī)生說”“丁香園”“丁香醫(yī)生”和“醫(yī)學(xué)界”等。這些醫(yī)療微信公眾號(hào)市場(chǎng)經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富、運(yùn)營實(shí)力強(qiáng)大[14]。一些醫(yī)療機(jī)構(gòu)官方微信公眾號(hào)已經(jīng)逐漸開展線上診療服務(wù)和社區(qū)健康管理[15],使用微信來進(jìn)行居家病人的情況反饋[16],對(duì)抑郁、焦慮等心理問題開展宣傳,促進(jìn)人們形成對(duì)疾病的正確認(rèn)知[17]。在新冠肺炎傳播高峰期間,健康類微信公眾號(hào)積極參與宣傳疾病的診治和預(yù)防,實(shí)時(shí)發(fā)布疫情動(dòng)態(tài),開展線上診療和心理咨詢服務(wù),在一定程度上緩解了社會(huì)焦慮情緒,減輕了醫(yī)院的診治壓力以及病人的就醫(yī)困難問題,為疫情期間聯(lián)防聯(lián)控的工作提供了較好的支持[18]。一些個(gè)人微信公眾號(hào)也利用自己的平臺(tái)傳播健康知識(shí),為大眾提供更多精準(zhǔn)服務(wù)[2]。在健康類微信公眾號(hào)的發(fā)展過程中,謠言、偽科學(xué)、惡意營銷等類型的公眾號(hào)和推文數(shù)量越來越少,健康向上的微信生態(tài)正在逐步形成。
提高原創(chuàng)推送占比,提供良好閱讀體驗(yàn),在思想性、實(shí)用性和趣味性的基礎(chǔ)上再追求內(nèi)容的新、鮮、活的原創(chuàng)科普往往能獲得更高的閱讀量和點(diǎn)贊量,用戶也愿意分享給更多人[19]。公眾號(hào)可以綜合應(yīng)用圖文、音頻、動(dòng)圖等多種表現(xiàn)形式,針對(duì)疾病、養(yǎng)生、心理、運(yùn)動(dòng)和中醫(yī)等多方面,廣泛選取生活中的題材,從用戶的角度出發(fā),精心設(shè)計(jì)版面,增添推送的可讀性和趣味性,同時(shí)注重規(guī)律性和連續(xù)性,培養(yǎng)用戶閱讀習(xí)慣[20]。
文章的真實(shí)性和可靠性來源于專業(yè)領(lǐng)域內(nèi)的權(quán)威機(jī)構(gòu)、由權(quán)威人士提出或認(rèn)同的觀點(diǎn)和見解,來源于專業(yè)資料和實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù),在適當(dāng)?shù)奈恢脴?biāo)明參考文獻(xiàn)、作者信息和專業(yè)人士審核情況等均能增加微信推文的真實(shí)性和可靠性。
提高推送針對(duì)性可提升用戶黏性??赏ㄟ^線上線下的調(diào)查更加精準(zhǔn)地把握用戶的需求,發(fā)布針對(duì)性強(qiáng)、通俗易懂、又可形成連續(xù)性知識(shí)體系的醫(yī)學(xué)健康科普信息,提升用戶黏性,為用戶提供更高質(zhì)量的服務(wù)[21-24]。
綜上所述,互聯(lián)網(wǎng)時(shí)代,新的信息獲取渠道層出不窮,公眾號(hào)的更新速度、發(fā)文質(zhì)量不可小覷。健康類公眾號(hào)通過醫(yī)學(xué)健康知識(shí)的傳播,能夠?qū)⑶把氐尼t(yī)學(xué)健康知識(shí)轉(zhuǎn)化為大眾更容易接受的科普知識(shí),在健康教育中的作用巨大。本文分析總結(jié)了現(xiàn)有的健康類微信公眾號(hào)的發(fā)展現(xiàn)狀,希望能為未來的健康類公眾號(hào)運(yùn)營提供更多可行的意見,最大限度地開發(fā)利用好這個(gè)信息傳播平臺(tái)和社交平臺(tái),以提高醫(yī)學(xué)類微信公眾號(hào)的影響力。
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(本文編輯 周曉彬)
青島大學(xué)學(xué)報(bào)(醫(yī)學(xué)版)2023年6期