武煦峰 蘇洪寶 夏青
摘要:目的:探討維生素D營養(yǎng)狀況與卒中相關(guān)失眠的相關(guān)性。方法:收集2020年6月—2021年6月在我院中醫(yī)內(nèi)科就診的70例腦卒中患者為研究對(duì)象,采用匹茲堡睡眠質(zhì)量指數(shù)(PSQI)量表對(duì)患者失眠狀況進(jìn)行評(píng)估,將PSQI>7分為失眠,根據(jù)患者是否失眠,分為失眠組(22例)和對(duì)照組(48例)。收集患者年齡、受教育年限等一般信息,以及實(shí)驗(yàn)室血清25(OH)D3、鈣、磷、同型半胱氨酸(HCY)、C反應(yīng)蛋白(CRP)、肌酐及尿酸水平數(shù)據(jù),將25(OH)D3<20 ng/mL為缺乏、<30 ng/mL為不足、≥30 ng/mL為充足。采用漢密爾頓焦慮(HAMA)量表和漢密爾頓抑郁(HAMD)量表評(píng)估患者焦慮和抑郁情況。先對(duì)卒中相關(guān)失眠危險(xiǎn)因素進(jìn)行單因素分析,將有差異的變量納入多因素Logistic回歸分析,探討維生素D營養(yǎng)狀況與失眠的相關(guān)性。結(jié)果:失眠組和對(duì)照組患者年齡、BMI、戶籍、受教育年限、吸煙、高血壓、糖尿病、高血脂均無差異,而失眠組患者飲酒者多于對(duì)照組,且HAMA及HAMD評(píng)分顯著高于對(duì)照組,而血清25(OH)D3水平顯著低于對(duì)照組,失眠組維生素D不足/缺乏率高于對(duì)照組(均有P<0.05)。多因素分析顯示,HAMA、HAMD評(píng)分高,血清HCY水平高及存在維生素D不足/缺乏是腦卒中患者失眠的危險(xiǎn)因素(P<0.05)。結(jié)論:維生素D營養(yǎng)狀況差、血清高HCY水平、飲酒、焦慮抑郁均是腦卒中相關(guān)失眠的危險(xiǎn)因素,在臨床上應(yīng)關(guān)注腦卒中患者的血清維生素D水平,以降低失眠率,改善患者預(yù)后。
關(guān)鍵詞:維生素D;缺血性腦卒中;失眠;相關(guān)性缺血性
腦卒中是老年人常見神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)疾病,卒中后睡眠障礙在臨床實(shí)際中常出現(xiàn),并可發(fā)生在病程中任何階段,但常被其他神經(jīng)功能異常所掩蓋,其發(fā)生不僅與卒中所損傷的局部組織異常有關(guān)外,還與其他因素相關(guān)[1-3]。越來越多的證據(jù)表明,睡眠障礙與心腦血管疾病發(fā)病率增加,以及腦卒中較差的預(yù)后密切相關(guān)。在睡眠障礙中,以失眠最為常見,發(fā)生率可高達(dá)50%[4-5]。卒中相關(guān)失眠不僅對(duì)患者生活質(zhì)量產(chǎn)生影響,對(duì)患者精神狀況、社會(huì)功能也產(chǎn)生一定影響,甚至可增加卒中致殘率[5-7]。研究顯示,失眠癥者25(OH)D3不足和缺乏的發(fā)生率顯著高于健康者[8-9],但在腦卒中患者中,維生素D營養(yǎng)狀況是否對(duì)失眠也產(chǎn)生一定影響甚少有研究涉及,本研究對(duì)維生素D營養(yǎng)狀況與腦卒中相關(guān)失眠的關(guān)系進(jìn)行探討,為改善腦卒中預(yù)后提供臨床資料。
1材料與方法
1.1一般資料
收集2020年6月—2021年6月在我院神經(jīng)內(nèi)科住院治療的70例腦卒中患者為研究對(duì)象。腦卒中的診斷依據(jù)為中華醫(yī)學(xué)會(huì)神經(jīng)病學(xué)分會(huì)頒布的《中國急性缺血性腦卒中診治指南2018》,患者影像學(xué)資料等符合缺血性腦卒中診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):年齡≥18歲;近3個(gè)月未服用過維生素D制劑;未合并肝、腎、神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)等嚴(yán)重疾??;已向患者說明本研究目的,可配合完成調(diào)查,并簽署知情同意書。排除其他系統(tǒng)性疾病、服用對(duì)認(rèn)知功能有影響的藥物等非血管性因素導(dǎo)致的認(rèn)知功能障礙者;因聽力、運(yùn)動(dòng)等因素不能配合完成調(diào)查的患者。本研究已通過醫(yī)院倫理委員會(huì)審核。
1.2方法
收集患者年齡、受教育年限、吸煙史、飲酒史、身高、體重、慢性病史等一般信息及實(shí)驗(yàn)室血清學(xué)指標(biāo),包括25(OH)D3、鈣、磷、同型半胱氨酸(HCY)、C反應(yīng)蛋白(CRP)、肌酐及尿酸水平檢測(cè)數(shù)據(jù)?;颊呤叩脑u(píng)估采用匹茲堡睡眠質(zhì)量指數(shù)(PSQI)量表,該量表共19個(gè)自評(píng)和5個(gè)他評(píng)條目,得分范圍為0~21分,得分越高表示患者睡眠質(zhì)量越差,本研究將PSQI>7分判斷為失眠,根據(jù)患者是否失眠,將70例患者分為失眠組和對(duì)照組。采用漢密爾頓焦慮(HAMA)量表評(píng)估患者焦慮情況、采用漢密爾頓抑郁(HAMD)量表評(píng)估患者抑郁情況。HAMA及HAMD評(píng)分越高,表示焦慮和抑郁水平越高。血清25(OH)D3<20 ng/mL為缺乏、<30 ng/mL為不足、≥30 ng/mL為充足,本研究將缺乏與不足組患者合并進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)分析。根據(jù)身高體重計(jì)算BMI(BMI<18.5為消瘦、18.5~23.9為正常、≥24為超重/肥胖)。吸煙的定義為過去半年,每天吸煙至少1支;飲酒的定義為過去1年,每周飲酒至少1次。
1.3統(tǒng)計(jì)分析
采用SPSS 16.0進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì)分析。計(jì)量資料采用x±s表示,組間比較采用t檢驗(yàn);計(jì)數(shù)資料用n表示,組間采用卡方檢驗(yàn)。腦卒中患者失眠危險(xiǎn)因素的單因素分析采用上述方法,將單因素分析差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義的變量納入多因素分析,多因素分析采用二分類Logistic回歸分析。P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2結(jié)果與分析
2.1一般情況描述
本研究共納入70例腦卒中患者,失眠組和對(duì)照組患者年齡、BMI、戶籍、受教育年限、吸煙、高血壓、糖尿病、高血脂均無差異,而失眠組患者飲酒者多于對(duì)照組,且HAMA及HAMD評(píng)分顯著高于對(duì)照組(均有P<0.05)(表1)。
2.22組研究對(duì)象血清學(xué)指標(biāo)比較
失眠組患者血清25(OH)D3水平顯著低于對(duì)照組,失眠組維生素D不足/缺乏率高于對(duì)照組(P<0.05)。另外,失眠組患者血清HCY水平顯著高于對(duì)照組(P<0.05)(表2)。
2.3血清維生素D水平與腦卒中患者失眠關(guān)系的多因素分析將單因素分析2組研究對(duì)象間有差異的變量納入多因素分析結(jié)果得出,HAMA、HAMD評(píng)分高,血清HCY水平高及存在維生素D不足/缺乏是腦卒中患者失眠的危險(xiǎn)因素(P<0.05)(表3)。
3討論
研究指出,卒中后失眠障礙發(fā)生機(jī)制可能是由于疾病累及腦干背側(cè)核或頂蓋部、旁正中或丘腦及皮質(zhì),使得五羥色胺、去甲腎上腺素等神經(jīng)遞質(zhì)釋放失衡;或由于下丘腦前部與網(wǎng)狀上行激活系統(tǒng)喙部連接中斷,終止覺醒功能受到影響,影響了睡眠啟動(dòng),進(jìn)而出現(xiàn)失眠障礙[10]。老年人睡眠障礙影響因素較多,而腦卒中相關(guān)失眠的危險(xiǎn)因素研究顯示,梗死部位、年齡、性別、焦慮、抑郁、藥物作用,以及疾病并發(fā)癥均是可能的危險(xiǎn)因素[4,11]。維生素D與骨代謝、糖尿病、心血管疾病、腫瘤、認(rèn)知能力異常等相關(guān)[12]。另外,大腦內(nèi)分布有維生素D受體和相關(guān)信號(hào)通路,維生素D受體主要分布在中腦中央灰質(zhì)、下丘腦、黑質(zhì)、中縫核、腦橋網(wǎng)狀核等區(qū)域,而這些區(qū)域與睡眠有關(guān)[13-14]。有研究表明,失眠癥患者血清25(OH)D3水平顯著低于健康者,且失眠癥者25(OH)D3不足和缺乏的發(fā)生率顯著高于健康者[8],即血清25(OH)D3水平低可能與失眠相關(guān)。本研究發(fā)現(xiàn),在腦卒中患者中,失眠者血清維生素D水平更低,且維生素D不足/缺乏率更高,這與相關(guān)研究結(jié)果一致[15],即血清維生素D低可能是腦卒中患者失眠的危險(xiǎn)因素。血清維生素D是維生素D營養(yǎng)狀況的良好血清學(xué)指標(biāo),本研究表明,維生素D營養(yǎng)狀況差使腦卒中患者更易失眠。另外,本研究還發(fā)現(xiàn),飲酒是腦卒中相關(guān)失眠的危險(xiǎn)因素,一項(xiàng)納入正常成人的研究表明,少量飲酒和過量飲酒均與失眠相關(guān),且過量飲酒與失眠的關(guān)聯(lián)性更高[16]。本研究還發(fā)現(xiàn),焦慮與抑郁評(píng)分高的腦卒中患者更易失眠,這與多項(xiàng)研究結(jié)果一致[15,17],且焦慮抑郁等精神因素也可對(duì)失眠產(chǎn)生一定影響,即可互為因果、相互影響,共同對(duì)人體產(chǎn)生一定影響[18]。
綜上,維生素D營養(yǎng)狀況差、高血清HCY水平、飲酒、焦慮抑郁均是腦卒中相關(guān)失眠的危險(xiǎn)因素,在臨床上應(yīng)關(guān)注腦卒中患者的血清維生素D水平,指導(dǎo)患者適量補(bǔ)充維生素D,保證充足的維生素D攝入,且應(yīng)戒酒,保持良好精神狀態(tài),均可減少失眠發(fā)生率,進(jìn)而對(duì)腦卒中預(yù)后的改善起到積極作用。參考文獻(xiàn)
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Study on The Correlation Between Vitamin D Nutritional Status and Stroke-Related InsomniaWU Xu-feng SU Hong-bao XIA Qing
(1Wuxi People's Hospital,Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Wuxi 214023,China;
2 East China Sanatorium Physical Examination Center,Wuxi 214065,China)Abstract:ObjectiveTo investigate the correlation between vitamin D nutritional status and stroke-related insomnia. MethodTotally 70 stroke patients attending the Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine at our hospital from June 2020 to June 2021 were collected for this study,and the patients′ insomnia status was assessed using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) scale,and PSQI>7 was classified as insomnia,and the patients were divided into an insomnia group (22 cases) and a control group (48 cases) according to whether they had insomnia or not. General information such as patients′ age,years of education,and laboratory data on serum 25(OH)D3,calcium,phosphorus,homocysteine (HCY),C-reactive protein (CRP),creatinine,and uric acid levels were collected,and 25(OH)D3 <20 ng/mL was considered deficient,<30 ng/mL was considered insufficient,and ≥30 ng/mL was considered sufficient. The Hamilton Anxiety (HAMA) scale and the Hamilton Depression (HAMD) scale were used to assess patients' anxiety and depression. The risk factors for stroke-related insomnia were first analyzed univariately,and variables with differences were included in a multifactorial logistic regression analysis to explore the correlation between vitamin D nutritional status and insomnia. ResultThere were no differences in age,BMI,household registration,years of education,smoking,hypertension,diabetes mellitus,and hyperlipidemia between the insomnia and control groups,while more patients in the insomnia group consumed alcohol than the control group,and HAMA and HAMD scores were significantly higher than the control group,while serum 25(OH)D3 levels were significantly lower than the control group,and the rate of vitamin D insufficiency/deficiency was higher in the insomnia group than the control group(all with P<0.05). Multiple Factor analysis showed that high HAMA and HAMD scores,high serum HCY levels and the presence of vitamin D insufficiency/deficiency were risk factors for insomnia in stroke patients (P<0.05). ConclusionPoor vitamin D nutritional status,high serum HCY levels,alcohol consumption,and anxiety and depression are all risk factors for stroke-related insomnia. In clinical practice,attention should be paid to serum vitamin D levels in stroke patients to reduce insomnia rates and improve patient prognosis.
Keywords:vitamin D; ischemic stroke; insomnia; correlation