史洋濤 呂思晨 張金珍 范碩 祝成炎 張紅霞
摘要: 為了探討緯紗中石墨烯功能性紗線種類、含量及不同織物組織對(duì)石墨烯機(jī)織物的抗紫外線性能和遠(yuǎn)紅外性能的影響,文章分別以石墨烯滌綸長絲、石墨烯腈綸短纖紗、普通滌綸長絲和黏膠短纖紗為原料,設(shè)計(jì)織造了4個(gè)系列具有不同織物規(guī)格的28種織物試樣。對(duì)所得28種織物試樣分別進(jìn)行抗紫外線性能和遠(yuǎn)紅外性能測試,并通過模糊綜合評(píng)判方法對(duì)試樣相關(guān)指標(biāo)進(jìn)行評(píng)判。結(jié)果表明:隨著緯紗中石墨烯功能性紗線含量的增加,織物的抗紫外線性能和遠(yuǎn)紅外性能逐漸增強(qiáng);織物組織越緊密,平均浮長越長,表面越光滑,織物的抗紫外線性能越強(qiáng);織物表面越粗糙,厚度越厚,織物的遠(yuǎn)紅外性能越好;當(dāng)緯紗中石墨烯功能性紗線含量達(dá)到100%時(shí),組織采用8枚緯緞或5枚緯緞的試樣抗紫外線和遠(yuǎn)紅外綜合性能達(dá)到最優(yōu)。
關(guān)鍵詞: 石墨烯機(jī)織物;抗紫外線;遠(yuǎn)紅外;功能性紗線;織物組織;模糊綜合評(píng)判
中圖分類號(hào): TS101.923 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼: ?A
文章編號(hào): 10017003(2023)080054-09
引用頁碼: 081107 DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-7003.2023.08.007
隨著人們生活水平的日漸提高,對(duì)紡織品的需求不再局限于保暖,而是轉(zhuǎn)向具有生態(tài)環(huán)保、時(shí)尚美觀、舒適智能的抗紫外和遠(yuǎn)紅外功能性高附加值紡織產(chǎn)品[1-2]。對(duì)于長期在戶外工作的人們,紫外線的輻射會(huì)對(duì)人體健康產(chǎn)生不可小覷的影響。紫外線會(huì)影響真皮組織中的膠原纖維和彈力纖維,極易造成皮膚損傷、老化,產(chǎn)生黑色素和色斑,甚至還會(huì)引發(fā)癌癥。對(duì)于遠(yuǎn)紅外功能性紡織品而言,當(dāng)戶外氣溫降低時(shí),它能夠在遠(yuǎn)紅外線的輻射下,促進(jìn)人體血液循環(huán)、改善循環(huán)系統(tǒng)、增強(qiáng)新陳代謝、提高免疫功能。因此,研究和開發(fā)抗紫外線和遠(yuǎn)紅外復(fù)合功能織物具有重要意義。
為了實(shí)現(xiàn)紡織品功能的多樣化,功能性整理技術(shù)成為開發(fā)功能性紡織品的有效方法之一[3]。近年來,石墨烯作為一種新型功能性材料,在保暖、抗菌、抗靜電、抗紫外線、遠(yuǎn)紅外輻射溫升等方面具有優(yōu)異的性能,不僅廣泛用于電池、傳感器、半導(dǎo)體材料、儲(chǔ)能和新型顯示等領(lǐng)域,而且在紡織產(chǎn)業(yè)中也擁有良好的發(fā)展前景[4]。研究表明:石墨烯有著較強(qiáng)的抗紫外線性能,可以吸收低于281 nm波長的紫外線,也能反射高于281 nm波長的紫外線[5-6],且石墨烯具有良好的遠(yuǎn)紅外性能,在低溫情況下,石墨烯織物可通過吸收外界或人體輻射的遠(yuǎn)紅外線,使自身溫度升高,解決局部皮膚冰涼的問題。其還能夠發(fā)射與人體相匹配的遠(yuǎn)紅外線,滲入體內(nèi)細(xì)胞,加快人體的新陳代謝,達(dá)到保暖和保健的目的[7]。
因此,本文選用石墨烯功能性紗線和普通滌綸長絲、黏膠短纖紗進(jìn)行交織,試織了18種石墨烯功能性紗線含量不同的試樣和10種織物組織不同的試樣。通過改變織物中石墨烯功能性紗線含量、織物組織和原料,來研究其對(duì)石墨烯機(jī)織物的抗紫外線性能和遠(yuǎn)紅外性能的影響。最后,通過模糊綜合評(píng)判的方法,開發(fā)出綜合性能最優(yōu)的抗紫外線和遠(yuǎn)紅外線復(fù)合功能石墨烯機(jī)織物。
1 實(shí) 驗(yàn)
1.1 原 料
所使用的經(jīng)紗為5.56 tex/24 f的滌綸長絲(中紡面料科技有限公司)。緯紗為16.67 tex/144 f的石墨烯滌綸長絲,石墨烯含量為1%的000000630000005360型紗線(濟(jì)南圣泉集團(tuán)股份有限公司);20 tex的石墨烯腈綸短纖紗,石墨烯含量為1%的000000630000003721型紗線(濟(jì)南圣泉集團(tuán)股份有限公司);20 tex的黏膠短纖紗(中紡面料科技有限公司)。
1.2 功能織物制備方法
所有試樣采用相同工藝進(jìn)行織造,通過調(diào)整經(jīng)緯紗種類、經(jīng)緯密度、投緯比例及組織,最終織造得到28種試樣。其中9種是在組織均為5枚緯緞的情況下按照石墨烯滌綸長絲在緯紗中的含量從0~100%進(jìn)行試織的,5種是在石墨烯滌綸長絲與普通滌綸長絲的投緯比例為1︰1時(shí)采用5種不同組織進(jìn)行織造,9種是在組織均為5枚緯緞的情況下按照石墨烯腈綸短纖紗在緯紗中的含量從0~100%進(jìn)行試織的,5種是在石墨烯腈綸短纖紗與黏膠短纖紗的投緯比例為1︰1時(shí)采用5種不同組織進(jìn)行織造。具體規(guī)格參數(shù)如表1、表2所示,各織物的組織圖如圖1所示。
1.3 測 試
1.3.1 織物的抗紫外線性能測試
原理:用UV射線輻射試樣,收集總的光譜透射射線,測定出總的光譜透射比,并計(jì)算試樣的紫外線防護(hù)系數(shù)UPF值和紫外線輻射平均值T(UVA)AV。
儀器:UV-2000S紫外線透過率分析儀(Labsphere公司)。
步驟:1) 根據(jù)GB/T 18830—2009《紡織品防紫外線性能的測定》,將每種試樣放置在溫度為(20±2) ℃、相對(duì)濕度為(65±4)%的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)大氣環(huán)境下調(diào)濕平衡24 h。2) 開啟分析儀,進(jìn)行預(yù)熱30 min,預(yù)熱完畢后將試樣平整地鋪在測試點(diǎn)處,點(diǎn)擊測試按鈕進(jìn)行測試。在每種試樣的5個(gè)不同位置測試,記錄UPF值和T(UVA)AV的平均值。計(jì)算如下式所示:
2 結(jié)果與分析
本文主要研究石墨烯滌綸試樣和石墨烯腈綸試樣的抗紫外線性能和遠(yuǎn)紅外性能,所以分別對(duì)滌綸試樣和腈綸試樣進(jìn)行測試分析。
2.1 抗紫外線性能研究
通常紫外線照射在織物上時(shí),會(huì)被織物表面反射一部分、吸收一部分,其余的紫外線從織物的縫隙中透過,照射到人體表面,對(duì)皮膚造成傷害。總而言之,織物表面吸收和反射的紫外線越多,透過織物的紫外線越少,織物的抗紫外線性能越強(qiáng)。因此,抗紫外線織物要增強(qiáng)織物對(duì)紫外線的吸收和反射能力,就需要減少紫外線的透過率[8]。石墨烯滌綸試樣的抗紫外線性能如圖2、圖3所示。石墨烯腈綸試樣的抗紫外線性能如圖4、圖5所示。
由圖2可知,A系列試樣的抗紫外線性能隨著緯紗中石墨烯滌綸長絲含量的增加而增強(qiáng)。根據(jù)GB/T 18830—2009規(guī)定,防紫外線產(chǎn)品需要滿足UPF值大于40,且T(UVA)AV小于5%。當(dāng)緯紗中石墨烯滌綸長絲含量不低于66.67%時(shí),試樣達(dá)到“防紫外線產(chǎn)品”標(biāo)準(zhǔn),即A6、A7、A8、A9試樣可稱之為“防紫外線產(chǎn)品”。當(dāng)緯紗中石墨烯滌綸長絲含量達(dá)到100%時(shí),試樣的抗紫外線性能最好,UPF值達(dá)到了1 433.56,T(UVA)AV為0.32%,這是因?yàn)槭炀]長絲有著優(yōu)異的抗紫外線功能,增強(qiáng)了試樣的抗紫外線性能。此外,纖維的微觀結(jié)構(gòu)對(duì)試樣的抗紫外線性能也有較大影響,石墨烯滌綸纖維為1.16 dtex,比普通滌綸纖維2.32 dtex更細(xì),比表面積更大,試樣的抗紫外線性能越好[9]。
由圖3可知,B系列試樣的抗紫外線性能與織物組織有關(guān)。除B5試樣是“防紫外線產(chǎn)品”,其余試樣均不滿足國家標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。根據(jù)國標(biāo)要求,試樣的UPF值越大,T(UVA)AV越小,試樣抗紫外線性能越好,抗紫外線性能最好的是8枚緯緞,其次是5枚緯緞,最差的是蜂巢組織。這是由于織物組織不同,織物的緊度、厚度、平方米質(zhì)量和平均浮長不同,8枚緯緞試樣的浮長最長,緊度也最大,厚度較大,平方米質(zhì)量也較大,故試樣的抗紫外線能力最強(qiáng)。蜂巢組織試樣的緊度、厚度和平方米質(zhì)量也較強(qiáng),但蜂巢組織試樣抗紫外線能力最弱的原因是織物組織不同,經(jīng)緯紗交織狀況不同,其空間幾何形態(tài)也不同,蜂巢組織試樣經(jīng)緯紗交織次數(shù)較多,其經(jīng)緯紗屈曲相對(duì)較多,試樣表面光滑度最低,為80.90,對(duì)紫外線的反射能力最差,因此蜂巢組織試樣的抗紫外線性能最差[10]。
由圖4可知,C系列試樣的抗紫外線性能隨著緯紗中石墨烯腈綸短纖紗含量的增大而緩慢增強(qiáng)。但9塊試樣UPF值均未大于40,且只有C9試樣長波紫外線T(UVA)AV小于5%,故C系列均不屬于“防紫外線產(chǎn)品”。這是因?yàn)榭椢锏慕?jīng)緯密度也是影響織物抗紫外線能力的重要因素[11]。C系列試樣的緯密比較小,覆蓋度較小,紫外線透過率較高,試樣的抗紫外線性能較差[12]。
由圖5可知,D系列試樣均不屬于“防紫外線產(chǎn)品”。隨著織物組織的變化,不同組織試樣的抗紫外線性能差異不大。8枚緯緞試樣的抗紫外線性能最好,UPF值為19.40,T(UVA)AV為7.73%。蜂巢組織試樣的抗紫外線性能最差,UPF值為17.02,T(UVA)AV為9.53%。這是因?yàn)榭椢锏目棺贤饩€性能受織物組織的變化影響較小,受織物密度的影響更大[13],D系列試樣緯密較小,紫外線透過率較高,試樣的抗紫外線性能都較差。
綜上所述,隨著緯紗中石墨烯功能性紗線含量的增大,試樣的抗紫外性能也逐漸增強(qiáng),織物組織對(duì)織物的抗紫外線性能有較大影響,采用浮長線較長且浮長線排列規(guī)律不明顯的組織,可以獲得良好的抗紫外線效果。同時(shí),隨著組織結(jié)構(gòu)改變引起的織物厚度、平方米質(zhì)量和緊度變化也是影響織物抗紫外線性能的重要因素??椢锏暮穸仍酱螅高^織物的紫外線越少,平方米質(zhì)量越大,緊度越緊,從空隙中透過的紫外線越少,織物表面越光滑,對(duì)紫外線的反射越多,織物的抗紫外線性能越好。當(dāng)織物的緯密增大時(shí),覆蓋度增大,織物抗紫外線性能增強(qiáng),故石墨烯滌綸試樣的抗紫外線性能相比石墨烯腈綸試樣較好。這是由于織物原料對(duì)織物抗紫外線性能有重要影響,滌綸分子結(jié)構(gòu)中的苯環(huán)對(duì)紫外線具有很強(qiáng)的吸收能力,致使其具有較好的抗紫外線能力[14]。此外,與石墨烯腈綸試樣相比,石墨烯滌綸試樣的緯密較大,緯紗所用的纖維較細(xì),表面積較大,紫外線透射率較低,使得石墨烯滌綸試樣的抗紫外線性能更好。
2.2 織物遠(yuǎn)紅外線性能研究
遠(yuǎn)紅外線是指波長在2.5~1 000.0 μm的電磁波,它可以為人體細(xì)胞的運(yùn)作提供微弱能量,促進(jìn)人體微循環(huán)[15]。遠(yuǎn)紅外紡織品不僅能夠吸收物質(zhì)輻射的能量,而且能夠以紅外輻射的形式作用于人體,當(dāng)人體吸收大量相匹配的遠(yuǎn)紅外線時(shí),細(xì)胞和血液中的C—C、C—O、C—H和C—N等化學(xué)鍵會(huì)產(chǎn)生共振效應(yīng),導(dǎo)致皮膚溫度升高,通過人體反射弧產(chǎn)生擴(kuò)張毛細(xì)血管的物質(zhì),增強(qiáng)人體血液循環(huán);同時(shí)共振效應(yīng)使得機(jī)體分子處于高振動(dòng)水平,核酸蛋白質(zhì)等的活性會(huì)被激發(fā),可以調(diào)節(jié)人體代謝和增強(qiáng)免疫等功能,起到防治疾病的輔助作用[16-18]。石墨烯滌綸試樣的遠(yuǎn)紅外性能如圖6、圖7所示。石墨烯腈綸試樣的遠(yuǎn)紅外性能如圖8、圖9所示。
由圖6可知,隨著緯紗中石墨烯滌綸長絲含量的增加,A系列試樣的遠(yuǎn)紅外線性能逐漸增強(qiáng)。這是因?yàn)槭├w維具有較強(qiáng)的遠(yuǎn)紅外輻射能力,可以在常溫下吸收物質(zhì)輻射的能量,以遠(yuǎn)紅外的形式作用于人體[19]。當(dāng)緯紗中石墨烯滌綸長絲含量增加時(shí),吸收周圍物質(zhì)的能量增多,發(fā)射出的遠(yuǎn)紅外線增多,試樣的遠(yuǎn)紅外性能也增強(qiáng)。根據(jù)GB/T 30127—2013標(biāo)準(zhǔn)規(guī)定,具有遠(yuǎn)紅外性能試樣的遠(yuǎn)紅外發(fā)射率應(yīng)不低于0.88%,遠(yuǎn)紅外輻射溫升不低于1.40 ℃。當(dāng)試樣緯紗中石墨烯滌綸長絲含量不低于25.00%時(shí),試樣遠(yuǎn)紅外發(fā)射率大于0.88%,遠(yuǎn)紅外輻射溫升大于1.40 ℃,試樣達(dá)到遠(yuǎn)紅外織物的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)。當(dāng)試樣緯紗中石墨烯滌綸長絲含量為50%時(shí),試樣的遠(yuǎn)紅外發(fā)射率和遠(yuǎn)紅外輻射溫升增長速度逐漸變緩。當(dāng)緯紗中石墨烯滌綸長絲含量達(dá)到100%時(shí),試樣遠(yuǎn)紅外性能最好,遠(yuǎn)紅外發(fā)射率達(dá)到了0.932%,遠(yuǎn)紅外輻照溫升為1.97 ℃,這是因?yàn)闇囟雀哂诮^對(duì)零度的物體會(huì)輻射紅外線。紅外線是一種電磁波,織物中的電子吸收外界能量激發(fā),外層的電子會(huì)脫離原來的軌道,進(jìn)入到更高的能位上。然而,電子在更高的能位上不夠穩(wěn)定,會(huì)通過釋放能量回到原來的能位。隨著試樣中石墨烯滌綸長絲含量的增加,試樣中石墨烯也在增加,人體和外界輻射的能量吸收得越多,作用于人體的遠(yuǎn)紅外線也越多,故試樣的遠(yuǎn)紅外性能越好。
由圖7、圖9可知,B、D系列試樣均符合遠(yuǎn)紅外織物的標(biāo)準(zhǔn),但織物組織對(duì)遠(yuǎn)紅外性能有一定影響。蜂巢組織試樣的遠(yuǎn)紅外性能最好,8枚緯緞試樣的遠(yuǎn)紅外性能最差??椢锏倪h(yuǎn)紅外發(fā)射率與織物表面的形態(tài)有關(guān),織物表面越粗糙,遠(yuǎn)紅外發(fā)射率也就越大。在B、D系列試樣中,蜂巢組織試樣的表面最粗糙,厚度也最厚的,故其遠(yuǎn)紅外性能最好[20]。8枚緯緞試樣的遠(yuǎn)紅外性能相比平紋斜紋的差,這是因?yàn)殡S著織物枚數(shù)的增加,織物表面會(huì)更光滑,當(dāng)遠(yuǎn)紅外線輻射到物體表面時(shí),對(duì)遠(yuǎn)紅外光線的反射能力也越強(qiáng),織物的遠(yuǎn)紅外性能越差。此外,8枚緯緞織物相比其他組織織物,其反射紅外線更多,吸收更少[21]。
由圖8可知,C系列試樣的遠(yuǎn)紅外性能隨著緯紗中石墨烯腈綸短纖紗含量的增大而增強(qiáng)。當(dāng)緯紗中石墨烯腈綸短纖紗含量不低于20%時(shí),C2~C9系列試樣均符合遠(yuǎn)紅外織物的標(biāo)準(zhǔn),且織物的遠(yuǎn)紅外發(fā)射率與遠(yuǎn)紅外輻射溫升的變化規(guī)律與石墨烯滌綸織物性能基本一致。
結(jié)合上述分析得出,增加緯紗中石墨烯滌綸長絲或石墨烯腈綸短纖紗含量可以增強(qiáng)織物遠(yuǎn)紅外性能。此外,織物組織對(duì)織物遠(yuǎn)紅外性能也有一定的影響,織物組織影響了織物表面形態(tài),織物越粗糙,厚度越厚,遠(yuǎn)紅外性能越好。
3 模糊綜合分析
結(jié)合上述結(jié)果分析可得出,在A、C系列試樣中,緯紗中石墨烯滌綸長絲或石墨烯腈綸短纖紗含量為100%時(shí),試樣的抗紫外和遠(yuǎn)紅外綜合性能為最好,即A9、C9綜合性能最好。而對(duì)于B、D系列試樣而言,不能直接通過數(shù)據(jù)得出不同織物組織的綜合性能優(yōu)劣。為了能定量且系統(tǒng)性地分析出具有最佳抗紫外線和遠(yuǎn)紅外復(fù)合功能的試樣,本文進(jìn)一步采用模糊數(shù)學(xué)綜合評(píng)判的方法對(duì)B、D系列試樣的抗紫外線、遠(yuǎn)紅外性能分別進(jìn)行綜合評(píng)判,從中選擇出綜合性能最佳的試樣。
3.3 確定權(quán)重集A
權(quán)重集反映評(píng)價(jià)因素的重要性,權(quán)重系數(shù)越大,表明該因素在綜合評(píng)判中越重要。本文根據(jù)對(duì)織物性能模糊綜合評(píng)判的相關(guān)參考文獻(xiàn)[10,23],以及通過問卷調(diào)查的方式,讓20位紡織、服裝相關(guān)專業(yè)的學(xué)生和老師根據(jù)戶外工作者對(duì)服裝的抗紫外線和遠(yuǎn)紅外功能需求,為這四個(gè)指標(biāo)進(jìn)行百分制打分,然后根據(jù)結(jié)果計(jì)算出各項(xiàng)指標(biāo)的平均分,得出權(quán)重系數(shù),如表3所示。最終得到的權(quán)重集為A={0.42,0.18,0.24,0.16},即UPF值的權(quán)重系數(shù)為0.42,T(UVA)AV的權(quán)重系數(shù)為0.18,遠(yuǎn)紅外發(fā)射率的權(quán)重系數(shù)為0.24,遠(yuǎn)紅外輻射溫升的權(quán)重系數(shù)為0.16。
3.4 計(jì)算綜合評(píng)判矩陣B
已知權(quán)重集A和單因素矩陣R,計(jì)算綜合評(píng)判矩陣如下式所示:
B=A·R(6)
評(píng)判值越大,綜合性能越優(yōu)。經(jīng)計(jì)算得到:
B系列綜合評(píng)判矩陣
B=(0.376,0.528,0.400,0.416,0.600,0.531)
D系列綜合評(píng)判矩陣
B=(0.453,0.516,0.400,0.339,0.600,0.698)
由模糊綜合評(píng)價(jià)結(jié)果可知,B系列試樣綜合性能排序?yàn)锽5>B6>B2>B4>B3>B1。即B系列試樣中8枚緯緞織物綜合性能最好,5枚緯緞織物次之,平紋織物最差。D系列試樣綜合性能排序?yàn)镈6>D5>D2>D1>D3>D4。即D系列試樣中5枚緯緞織物綜合性能最好,8枚緯緞織物次之,2/1斜紋織物最差。
4 結(jié) 論
本文以普通滌綸長絲、石墨烯滌綸長絲、石墨烯腈綸短纖紗和黏膠短纖紗為原料,試織了多種比例和組織結(jié)構(gòu)的試樣,并測試了試樣的抗紫外線性能和遠(yuǎn)紅外性能。通過模糊綜合評(píng)判分析出試樣最佳方案,得出如下結(jié)論:
1) 織物的抗紫外線性能隨著緯紗中石墨烯滌綸長絲或石墨烯腈綸短纖紗含量的增加而增強(qiáng),當(dāng)緯紗中石墨烯滌綸長絲含量為100%時(shí),石墨烯滌綸試樣的抗紫外性能最好,UPF值達(dá)到了1 433.56,T(UVA)AV為0.32%;織物組織和緯密對(duì)織物的抗紫外線性能有較大影響,8枚緯緞石墨烯滌綸試樣的抗紫外線性能最好,UPF值為136.84,T(UVA)AV為4.95%,是由于緯密較大,平均浮長最長,經(jīng)緯紗交織點(diǎn)較少,透射過試樣的紫外線較少,故試樣的抗紫外線性能最好;石墨烯腈綸蜂巢組織試樣的抗紫外線性能最差,UPF值為17.02,T(UVA)AV為9.53%,是由于其緯密較小,覆蓋度較小,表面光滑度最低,對(duì)紫外線的反射能力最差,故試樣的抗紫外線性能最差。
2) 織物的遠(yuǎn)紅外性能也隨著緯紗中石墨烯滌綸長絲或石墨烯腈綸短纖紗含量的增大而增強(qiáng),當(dāng)緯紗中石墨烯腈綸短纖紗含量為100%時(shí),石墨烯腈綸試樣的遠(yuǎn)紅外性能最好,遠(yuǎn)紅外發(fā)射率為0.949%,遠(yuǎn)紅外溫升為2.13 ℃;織物的遠(yuǎn)紅外性能還與織物表面形態(tài)有關(guān),石墨烯腈綸試樣的遠(yuǎn)紅外性能最好,遠(yuǎn)紅外發(fā)射率為0.954%,遠(yuǎn)紅外溫升為2.03 ℃,是由于試樣的厚度較厚,表面最粗糙,對(duì)紅外光線的反射能力較弱,故試樣的遠(yuǎn)紅外性能越好。
3) 通過模糊綜合評(píng)判的方法得出,在B系列中,8枚緯緞試樣是抗紫外線和遠(yuǎn)紅外綜合性能最優(yōu)的試樣;在D系列中,5枚緯緞織物是綜合性能最優(yōu)的試樣。本文研究的試樣通過調(diào)節(jié)不同投緯比和組織,挑選出具有抗紫外線和遠(yuǎn)紅外線復(fù)合功能最佳的試樣,可為后續(xù)開發(fā)石墨烯功能化紡織品提供參考。
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Research on properties of ultraviolet-resistant and far-infrared graphene woven fabrics
ZHANG Chi, WANG Xiangrong
SHI Yangtao1, L Sichen2, ZHANG Jinzhen3, FAN Shuo1, ZHU Chengyan1, ZHANG Hongxia1
(1a.Key Laboratory of Advanced Textile Materials and Manufacturing Technology, Ministry of Education; 1b.National Engineering Lab for TextileFiber Materials and Processing Technology; 1c.Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Fiber Materials and Manufacturing Technology,Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou 310018; 2.China Filament Weaving Association, Beijing 100020, China;3.High Fashion Silk (Zhejiang) Co., Ltd., Hangzhou 310006, China)
Abstract: In recent years, with the continuous improvement of living standards and the gradual enhancement of people’s health awareness, the demand for health care functional textiles has been increasing gradually, and the development of health care functional textiles has become a hot spot in the development of new textile products. Health care functional textiles can protect people who work outdoors for a long time, reduce the impact of ultraviolet radiation on human health, and promote human blood circulation, improve the circulatory system, enhance metabolism and improve immune functions under the radiation of far infrared. Therefore, the research and development of anti-ultraviolet and far-infrared health care functional fabric is of great significance. As an excellent textile material, graphene functional yarn has not only excellent physical properties, but also ultraviolet-resistant and far-infrared properties, with a good prospect in the development of health care functional textiles.
Cellulose from biomass straw was used as raw material for the graphene functional yarn selected in this study, and the method of “group coordination assembly carbon analysis” was adopted to obtain the biomass graphene fiber, which was then combined with polyester and acrylic fibers to produce the graphene functional yarn. In this study, four series of fabric samples from A to D were designed, and all fabric samples were warp spun with polyester. The weft yarns for series A fabric samples were graphene polyester filaments and ordinary polyester filaments. Nine types of fabric samples with a content of graphene polyester filaments ranging from 0 to 100% were designed. The weft yarns of the B series fabric samples were graphene polyester filaments and ordinary polyester filaments, and the content of graphene polyester filaments in the weft yarns was 50%. Six fabric samples with different organizational weaves were designed. The weft yarns of the C series fabric samples were graphene acrylic staple fibers and ordinary viscose staple fibers. Nine fabric samples with a content of graphene acrylic staple fibers in the weft yarns from 0 to 100% were designed. The weft yarns for the D series fabric samples were graphene acrylic staple yarn and ordinary viscose staple yarn. The content of graphene acrylic staple yarn in the weft yarn was 50%. Six fabric samples with different organizational weaves were designed. The article explored the ultraviolet and far-infrared properties of four series of fabric samples. The results showed that with the increase of the content of graphene polyester filament or graphene acrylic staple yarn in the weft yarn, the ultraviolet resistance of the fabric sample gradually increases. When the content of graphene polyester filament in the weft yarn reaches 100%, the ultraviolet resistance of the graphene polyester sample is the best, with UPF value of 1 433.56 and T(UVA)AV of 0.32%. The fabric weave and weft density have a significant impact on the ultraviolet resistance of fabric samples. Different fabric weaves lead to the difference in tightness, thickness, gram weight and average float length of fabrics. The ultraviolet resistance of 8-weft satin graphene polyester sample is the best, with UPF value of 136.84 and T(UVA)AV of 4.95%. This is due to the larger weft density and tightness of the sample, the longest average float length, fewer warp and weft yarn interlacing points, and less ultraviolet light transmitted through the sample. Therefore, the sample has the best ultraviolet resistance. The ultraviolet resistance of the graphene acrylic honeycomb weave sample is the worst, with UPF value of 17.02 and T(UVA)AV of 9.53%. Because its weft density is smaller, the coverage is smaller, the surface smoothness is the lowest, the ultraviolet reflection ability is the worst, the ultraviolet resistance of the sample is the worst. With the increase of the content of graphene polyester filament or graphene acrylic staple yarn in the weft yarn, the far-infrared performance of fabric samples gradually increases. When the content of graphene acrylic staple yarn reaches 100%, the far-infrared performance of fabric sample is the best, the far-infrared emissivity reaches 0.949%, and the far-infrared irradiation temperature rises to 2.13 ℃. The far-infrared performance of the fabrics is also related to the surface morphology of the fabric. The far-infrared performance of the graphene acrylic fiber sample is the best, the far-infrared emissivity is 0.954%, and the far-infrared temperature raises by 2.03 ℃, because the thickness of the sample is thicker, the surface is the coarsest, and the reflection ability of the infrared light is weak, leading to the the better far infrared performance of the sample.
Through the mathematical method of fuzzy comprehensive evaluation, it is concluded that among the B series fabric samples, 8-weft satin graphene polyester sample has the best comprehensive ultraviolet and far-infrared resistance. Among the D series fabric samples, 5-weft satin graphene acrylic fiber sample has the best comprehensive ultraviolet and far-infrared resistance. The samples studied in this article are samples with the best comprehensive performance of ultraviolet and far-infrared resistance by adjusting the type and content of graphene functional yarn in the weft yarn and different fabric weaves, providing reference for the subsequent development of graphene health functional textiles.
Key words: graphene woven fabric; ultraviolet-resistant; far infrared; functional yarn; fabric weave; fuzzy comprehensive judgement
收稿日期: 20221111;
修回日期: 20230621
基金項(xiàng)目: 作者簡介: 史洋濤(1998),男,碩士研究生,研究方向?yàn)楣δ苄约徔椘?、紡織產(chǎn)品設(shè)計(jì)。通信作者:張紅霞,教授級(jí)高工,hongxiazhang8@126.com。