潘晶晶
【摘要】目的:比較瑞馬唑侖和丙泊酚對(duì)目標(biāo)導(dǎo)向血流動(dòng)力學(xué)管理策略老年患者術(shù)后恢復(fù)質(zhì)量的影響。方法:選擇2019年6月—2020年12月時(shí)段到我院接受腹腔鏡下膽囊手術(shù)的老年患者50例,以隨機(jī)數(shù)字表法進(jìn)行分組,對(duì)照組以及觀察組分別25例。對(duì)照組接受丙泊酚靜脈注射,觀察組接受瑞馬唑侖靜脈注射。觀察兩組患者術(shù)中血管活性藥用量、術(shù)中低血壓和心動(dòng)過(guò)緩的發(fā)生情況,術(shù)前、術(shù)畢及術(shù)后24h的血乳酸濃度、意識(shí)清醒時(shí)間、氣管拔管時(shí)間、PACU駐留的時(shí)間、術(shù)后住院時(shí)間以及術(shù)后并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率等相關(guān)情況。結(jié)果:比較兩組患者術(shù)中血管活性藥用量、術(shù)中低血壓和心動(dòng)過(guò)緩的發(fā)生情況、血乳酸濃度、意識(shí)清醒時(shí)間、氣管拔管時(shí)間、術(shù)后住院時(shí)間、術(shù)后并發(fā)癥等相關(guān)指標(biāo)情況,數(shù)據(jù)表明:觀察組的各項(xiàng)相關(guān)指標(biāo)比對(duì)照組好,兩組間的比較差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。結(jié)論:瑞馬唑侖和丙泊酚的療效進(jìn)行對(duì)比后,發(fā)現(xiàn)瑞馬唑侖明顯能夠促進(jìn)目標(biāo)導(dǎo)向血流動(dòng)力管理策略老年患者術(shù)后恢復(fù),是老年人進(jìn)行全身麻醉的一種最佳選項(xiàng),有利于在臨床上應(yīng)用,值得推廣。
【關(guān)鍵詞】瑞馬唑侖;丙泊酚;血流動(dòng)力學(xué)
Comparison of the effects of remimazolam and propofol on the quality of recovery of elderly patients after operation with target-oriented hemodynamic management strategies
PAN Jingjing
Guanyun County Peoples Hospital, Guanyun, Jiangsu 222200, China
【Abstract】Objective:To compare the effects of remimazolam and propofol on the quality of postoperative recovery of elderly patients with target-oriented hemodynamic management strategies.Methods:50 elderly patients who underwent laparoscopic cholecystectomy in our hospital from June 2019 to December 2020 were selected and randomly divided into two groups,25cases in the control group and 25cases in the observation group.The control group received propofol intravenous injection,and the observation group received remimazolam intravenous injection.The dosage of vasoactive drugs during operation,the occurrence of hypotension and bradycardia during operation,the concentration of blood lactic acid before operation,after operation and 24 hours after operation,safe consciousness time,the time of tracheal extubation,the time of PACU stay,the time of hospitalization after operation,and the occurrence of postoperative complications were observed.Results:The amount of vasoactive drugs during operation,the occurrence of hypotension and bradycardia during operation,the concentration of blood lactic acid,safe consciousness time,the time of tracheal extubation,the time of postoperative hospitalization and postoperative complications were compared between the two groups.The data showed that the relevant indicators in the observation group were better than those in the control group,and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P<0.05).Conclusion:After comparing the efficacy of remimazolam and propofol,it was found that remimazolam can significantly promote postoperative recovery in elderly patients with target-oriented hemodynamic management strategies.It is the best option for general anesthesia in the elderly,which is beneficial to clinical application and worthy of promotion.
【Key Words】Remimazolam; Propofol; Hemodynamics
血液是人體內(nèi)循環(huán)系統(tǒng)的重要組成部分,主要由血漿和血細(xì)胞組成。血漿是血液中占比較大的液體成分,由水、電解質(zhì)、蛋白質(zhì)、糖類等多種物質(zhì)組成。此外,血液中還含有膠體物質(zhì)和血漿蛋白等,具有多種生理和代謝功能[1]。血液的流動(dòng)是由心臟的收縮和舒張以及血管的彈性作用共同推動(dòng)的。血液動(dòng)力學(xué)是研究血液在血管內(nèi)的流動(dòng)規(guī)律和物理特性的學(xué)科,其不僅具有一般流體力學(xué)的共性,還有其的特別性[2]。本文收集2019年6月—2020年12月時(shí)段到我院接受腹腔鏡下膽囊手術(shù)的老年患者50例,觀察兩組患者術(shù)中血管活性藥用量、低血壓和心動(dòng)過(guò)緩的發(fā)生情況、術(shù)前、術(shù)畢及術(shù)后24h的血乳酸濃度、意識(shí)清醒時(shí)間、氣管拔管時(shí)間、PACU駐留的時(shí)間、術(shù)后住院時(shí)間以及術(shù)后并發(fā)癥的發(fā)生情況,如下可見。
1.1 一般資料
本文收集2019年6月—2020年12月時(shí)段到我院接受腹腔鏡下膽囊手術(shù)的老年患者50例,以隨機(jī)數(shù)字表法進(jìn)行分組,對(duì)照組以及觀察組分別25例。對(duì)照組25例,年齡60~73歲,平均年齡(65±3.61)歲;觀察組25例,年齡60~71歲,平均年齡(65±3.52)歲。對(duì)比兩組的各項(xiàng)數(shù)據(jù)資料之間沒有明顯的差異(P>0.05),可對(duì)比。
1.2 方法
1.2.1 對(duì)照組 在手術(shù)前,患者需要遵循術(shù)前禁食規(guī)定,以降低手術(shù)中發(fā)生嘔吐和誤吸的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。此外,口服碳水化合物溶液有助于維持患者的代謝和營(yíng)養(yǎng)狀態(tài)。在手術(shù)前檢測(cè)生命體征,如心率、血氧和腦電雙頻譜指數(shù),以確?;颊咴谑中g(shù)過(guò)程中的安全。開通靜脈通道并使用面罩進(jìn)行吸氧,則有助于維持患者的氧合狀態(tài),降低手術(shù)期間出現(xiàn)低氧血癥的可能性。局部麻醉下進(jìn)行創(chuàng)動(dòng)脈穿刺置管術(shù),則可以提高手術(shù)的安全性和成功率,避免術(shù)后并發(fā)癥的發(fā)生。檢測(cè)平均動(dòng)脈壓、每搏輸出量、心臟指數(shù)和連續(xù)心排量輸出等指標(biāo)。在對(duì)照組的麻醉過(guò)程中,醫(yī)生首先使用靜脈輸注丙泊酚,等待患者進(jìn)入失去意識(shí)的狀態(tài)后,再通過(guò)靜脈注射阿芬太尼和羅庫(kù)溴銨,以達(dá)到氣管插管的條件。一旦插管完成并開始機(jī)械通氣,麻醉將得以維持,醫(yī)生將間斷靜脈注射羅庫(kù)溴銨以維持麻醉狀態(tài)。在腹腔鏡手術(shù)結(jié)束時(shí),醫(yī)生將減少丙泊酚的注射量并在開始封皮時(shí)停止泵注[3-4]。
1.2.2 觀察組 在觀察組的麻醉過(guò)程中,醫(yī)生首先使用靜脈輸注瑞馬唑侖,等待患者進(jìn)入失去意識(shí)的狀態(tài)后,再通過(guò)靜脈注射舒芬太尼和順式阿曲庫(kù)銨,以達(dá)到氣管插管的條件。一旦插管完成并開始機(jī)械通氣,麻醉將得以維持,醫(yī)生將間斷靜脈注射順式阿曲庫(kù)銨以維持麻醉狀態(tài)。在腹腔鏡手術(shù)結(jié)束時(shí),醫(yī)生將減少瑞馬唑侖的注射量并在開始縫合皮膚時(shí)停止泵注。
1.3 觀察指標(biāo)
觀察兩組血管活性藥用量、術(shù)中低血壓和心動(dòng)過(guò)緩的發(fā)生情況,術(shù)前、術(shù)畢及術(shù)后24h測(cè)定血乳酸濃度,記錄意識(shí)清醒時(shí)間、氣管拔管時(shí)間、PACU駐留的時(shí)間和術(shù)后住院時(shí)間,記錄術(shù)后并發(fā)癥發(fā)生情況,對(duì)兩組數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行對(duì)比。
1.4 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法
采用SPSS 24.0統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)軟件進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)分析。計(jì)數(shù)資料采用(%)表示,進(jìn)行x2檢驗(yàn),計(jì)量資料采用(x±s)表示,進(jìn)行t檢驗(yàn),P<0.05為差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2.1 兩組患者術(shù)前一般情況各項(xiàng)指標(biāo)對(duì)比
兩組患者手術(shù)之前基本情況(BMI、術(shù)前pH值、術(shù)前乳酸濃度、術(shù)前QoR-40評(píng)分)對(duì)比差異不大,兩組之間比較差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。
2.2 兩組患者術(shù)中血管活性藥用量及其他指標(biāo)比較
兩組患者術(shù)中膠體用量、術(shù)畢乳酸濃度等數(shù)據(jù)比較,觀察組好于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);兩組其他指標(biāo)(手術(shù)時(shí)間、麻醉時(shí)間、出血量、尿量等)比較無(wú)明顯差異,差異沒有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。對(duì)照組的平均手術(shù)時(shí)間為(185±19)min,平均尿量為(520±200)mL,平均麻醉時(shí)間為(202±22)min,平均出血量為(230±196)mL;觀察組的平均手術(shù)時(shí)間為(195±20)min,平均尿量為(480±250)mL,平均麻醉時(shí)間為(203±21)min,平均出血量為(231±201)mL。見表1。
2.3 兩組患者術(shù)中低血壓和心動(dòng)過(guò)緩的發(fā)生情況比較
比較兩組患者術(shù)中低血壓和心動(dòng)過(guò)緩的發(fā)生情況,觀察組明顯優(yōu)于對(duì)照組(P<0.05),見表2。
2.4 兩組患者術(shù)后恢復(fù)質(zhì)量的對(duì)比
兩組患者術(shù)后恢復(fù)質(zhì)量對(duì)比,觀察組恢復(fù)質(zhì)量數(shù)據(jù)好于對(duì)照組,兩組比較差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),見表3。
對(duì)照組的平均意識(shí)清醒時(shí)間為(27±7)min,平均氣管拔管時(shí)間為(25±6)min,平均PACU駐留時(shí)間為(70±12)min,平均術(shù)后住院時(shí)間為(11.8±1.2)d,術(shù)后24 h乳酸濃度為(1.25±0.43)mmol/L;觀察組的平均意識(shí)清醒時(shí)間為(20±6)min,平均氣管拔管時(shí)間為(19±5)min,平均PACU駐留時(shí)間為(61±15)min,平均術(shù)后住院時(shí)間為(9.1±1.5)d,術(shù)后24 h乳酸濃度為(0.82±0.23)mmol/L。兩組對(duì)比差異較大,有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。