丁莉
【摘要】目的:觀察與研究預(yù)見性護(hù)理在急診科腦卒中患者護(hù)理中的應(yīng)用效果。方法:選取我院2021年3月—2022年3月在急診科收治的80例腦卒中患者作為本次研究對(duì)象,按計(jì)算機(jī)表法分為對(duì)照組(40例)和實(shí)驗(yàn)組(40例)。對(duì)照組患者實(shí)施急診科常規(guī)護(hù)理,實(shí)驗(yàn)組患者實(shí)施預(yù)見性護(hù)理,對(duì)兩組患者并發(fā)癥發(fā)生情況以及護(hù)理滿意度進(jìn)行比較。結(jié)果:實(shí)驗(yàn)組患者肺部感染、壓瘡、尿路感染以及靜脈血栓等并發(fā)癥的總發(fā)生率為10.00%(4/40),低于對(duì)照組的32.50%(13/40)(P<0.05)。護(hù)理前,兩組腦卒中患者SAS評(píng)分及SDS評(píng)分相比,相差不大(P>0.05);護(hù)理后,兩組腦卒中患者SAS評(píng)分及SDS評(píng)分明顯低于護(hù)理前,且實(shí)驗(yàn)組低于對(duì)照組(P<0.05)。實(shí)驗(yàn)組患者護(hù)理總滿意率為95.00%(38/40),高于對(duì)照組的80.00%(32/40),組間有差異(P<0.05)。結(jié)論:預(yù)見性護(hù)理在急診科腦卒中患者護(hù)理中顯著減少了患者并發(fā)癥的發(fā)生,緩解患者焦慮及抑郁等不良情緒,有效提高護(hù)理滿意度,值得在臨床中推廣應(yīng)用。
【關(guān)鍵詞】預(yù)見性護(hù)理;腦卒中患者;護(hù)理滿意度
Observation on the application effect of predictive nursing in the nursing of stroke patients in emergency department
DING Li
The Affiliated Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214000, China
【Abstract】Objective:To observe and study the application effect of predictive nursing in the nursing of stroke patients in emergency department.Methods:80 stroke patients admitted to the emergency department of our hospital from March 2021 to March 2022 were selected as the subjects of this study,and they were divided into the control group (40 cases) and the experimental group (40 cases) according to the computer table method.Patients in the control group received routine care in the emergency department,and patients in the experimental group received predictive nursing.The occurrence of complications and nursing satisfaction between the two groups were compared.Results:The overall incidence of complications such as pulmonary infection,pressure ulcers,urinary tract infection and venous thrombosis in the experimental group was 10.00% (4/40),which was lower than 32.50% (13/40) in the control group(P<0.05).Before nursing,there was no significant difference in SAS and SDS scores between the two groups of stroke patients(P>0.05);After nursing,the SAS and SDS scores of stroke patients in both groups were significantly lower than before nursing,and the experimental group was lower than the control group(P<0.05).The total nursing satisfaction rate of patients in the experimental group was 95.00% (38/40),which was higher than 80.00% (32/40) in the control group,there were differences between the groups(P<0.05).Conclusion:In the nursing of stroke patients in emergency department,predictive nursing significantly reduces the occurrence of complications,alleviates patients anxiety,depression and other bad emotions,and effectively improves nursing satisfaction,which is worth promotion and application in clinical practice.
【Key Words】Predictive nursing; Stroke patients; Nursing satisfaction
腦卒中是臨床危急重癥疾病之一,有著較高的致死率,給患者的生命健康安全帶來極大影響[1-2]。近年來,腦卒中的發(fā)病率逐年升高,且多見于中老年人,是較為嚴(yán)重的一種急性腦血管疾病,一旦發(fā)病,需立刻送到醫(yī)院救治[3]。治療過程中需要配合相應(yīng)護(hù)理模式防止患者病情出現(xiàn)惡化[4]。本次研究對(duì)于預(yù)見性護(hù)理在急診科腦卒中患者護(hù)理中的應(yīng)用效果進(jìn)行觀察與分析,內(nèi)容如下文。
1.1 一般資料
選取我院2021年3月—2022年3月在急診科收治的80例腦卒中患者作為本次研究對(duì)象,按計(jì)算機(jī)表法分為對(duì)照組(40例)和實(shí)驗(yàn)組(40例)。對(duì)照組,男17例,女23例,年齡55~72歲,平均年齡(62.35±2.48)歲;實(shí)驗(yàn)組,男21例,女19例,年齡54~75歲,平均年齡(61.38±2.52)歲。上述兩組患者資料均經(jīng)過系統(tǒng)處理,差異不顯著,P>0.05,能夠進(jìn)行比較。納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):①經(jīng)急診科診斷為腦卒中患者;②有完整的相關(guān)病歷;③患者其他器官無重大疾??;④治療依從性較高者。
1.2 方法
對(duì)照組患者實(shí)施急診科常規(guī)護(hù)理;實(shí)驗(yàn)組患者實(shí)施預(yù)見性護(hù)理:①預(yù)防肺部感染:保持患者所在病房?jī)?nèi)溫濕度適宜,注意開窗通風(fēng),使鼻飼流質(zhì)患者將體位保持1~2h,從而避免誤吸情況發(fā)生。護(hù)理人員將患者頭部抬高,保持患者腦血流量,保證呼吸道通暢。定時(shí)協(xié)助患者及其家屬進(jìn)行翻身、拍背等動(dòng)作,有利于將痰液排出。②預(yù)防壓瘡感染:定期對(duì)患者衣物、床單進(jìn)行更換消毒,定時(shí)為患者更換體位,避免因長期臥床而產(chǎn)生壓瘡,指導(dǎo)患者家屬定時(shí)對(duì)患者身體進(jìn)行擦拭。③預(yù)防尿路感染:定期更換患者的尿管與尿袋,定期為患者清洗陰部,患者進(jìn)行尿常規(guī)復(fù)查,并用抗生素對(duì)患者消炎。④靜脈保護(hù)護(hù)理:避免重復(fù)穿刺損傷血管,穿刺過程中嚴(yán)格按照規(guī)程進(jìn)行無菌操作。⑤心理護(hù)理:護(hù)理人員主動(dòng)與患者溝通交流,緩解患者的不良情緒,鼓勵(lì)患者重拾戰(zhàn)勝疾病的信心,提高患者治療依從性。⑥飲食護(hù)理:根據(jù)患者自身病情為患者制定不同的健康飲食方案,禁止患者食用辛辣、刺激性食物,禁止患者吸煙飲酒,養(yǎng)成良好的飲食習(xí)慣。⑦運(yùn)動(dòng)護(hù)理:協(xié)助患者下床進(jìn)行活動(dòng),根據(jù)患者自身身體素質(zhì)情況為患者制定相應(yīng)的鍛煉方案。
1.3 評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)及判定標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
兩組腦卒中患者并發(fā)癥發(fā)生情況,如肺部感染、壓瘡、尿路感染、靜脈血栓等并發(fā)癥。兩組腦卒中患者護(hù)理前后焦慮、抑郁程度:通過焦慮自評(píng)量表(SAS)、抑郁自評(píng)量表(SDS)對(duì)患者焦慮、抑郁程度進(jìn)行判定,分?jǐn)?shù)越高說明焦慮、抑郁程度越嚴(yán)重。兩組腦卒中患者的護(hù)理滿意度,采用自制問卷調(diào)查腦卒中患者的護(hù)理滿意度,分為非常滿意、滿意以及不滿意。
1.4 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理
采用SPSS 18.0統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)軟件進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)分析。計(jì)數(shù)資料采用(%)表示,進(jìn)行x2檢驗(yàn),計(jì)量資料采用(x±s)表示,進(jìn)行t檢驗(yàn),P<0.05為差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2.1 兩組腦卒中患者并發(fā)癥發(fā)生情況比較
對(duì)照組患者中出現(xiàn)肺部感染、壓瘡、尿路感染以及靜脈血栓等并發(fā)癥的總發(fā)生率為32.50%(13/40),實(shí)驗(yàn)組為10.00%(4/40),實(shí)驗(yàn)組明顯低于對(duì)照組,組間有差異(P<0.05),見表1。
2.2 兩組腦卒中患者護(hù)理前后焦慮及抑郁程度比較
護(hù)理前,兩組腦卒中患者SAS評(píng)分及SDS評(píng)分相比,相差不大(P>0.05);護(hù)理后,兩組腦卒中患者SAS評(píng)分及SDS評(píng)分明顯低于護(hù)理前,且實(shí)驗(yàn)組低于對(duì)照組,組間有差異(P<0.05),見表2。
2.3 兩組腦卒中患者的護(hù)理滿意度比較
對(duì)照組患者中,非常滿意12例(30.00%),滿意20例(50.00%),不滿意8例(20.00%),總滿意率為80.00%(32/40);實(shí)驗(yàn)組患者中,非常滿意24例(60.00%),滿意14例(35.00%),不滿意2例(5.00%),總滿意率為95.00%(38/40)。兩組相比,實(shí)驗(yàn)組護(hù)理滿意度較優(yōu),x2=4.1143,P=0.0425,組間差異明顯,P<0.05。
大多數(shù)腦卒中患者都伴有肢體功能障礙以及意識(shí)障礙等癥狀,提高了臨床護(hù)理難度,而且急診腦卒中患者容易出現(xiàn)肺部感染、尿路感染等并發(fā)癥,影響了臨床治療效果[5-6]。所以,怎樣降低并發(fā)癥的發(fā)生率是臨床急診科中不斷研究與觀察的一個(gè)問題,而預(yù)見性護(hù)理的出現(xiàn),有效地解決了這個(gè)問題,使其最終有了答案[7-8]。
本次對(duì)于預(yù)見性護(hù)理在急診科腦卒中患者護(hù)理的應(yīng)用效果進(jìn)行分析,對(duì)照組患者實(shí)施急診科常規(guī)護(hù)理,實(shí)驗(yàn)組患者實(shí)施預(yù)見性護(hù)理。通過本次研究發(fā)現(xiàn),實(shí)驗(yàn)組患者出現(xiàn)肺部感染、壓瘡、尿路感染以及靜脈血栓等并發(fā)癥的總發(fā)生率為10.00%(4/40),低于對(duì)照組的32.50%(13/40)(P<0.05)。護(hù)理后,實(shí)驗(yàn)組患者焦慮及抑郁評(píng)分低于對(duì)照組(P<0.05)。實(shí)驗(yàn)組患者護(hù)理總滿意率為95.00%(38/40),高于對(duì)照組的80.00%(32/40),組間有差異(P<0.05)。所以,預(yù)見性護(hù)理能準(zhǔn)確預(yù)估出腦卒中患者可能會(huì)出現(xiàn)的問題和風(fēng)險(xiǎn),并且使用合理有效的護(hù)理方式將并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率降到最低,促使腦卒中患者獲得良好的預(yù)后,具有重大的應(yīng)用意義。
綜上所述,預(yù)見性護(hù)理在急診科腦卒中患者護(hù)理中顯著減少了患者并發(fā)癥的發(fā)生,緩解患者焦慮及抑郁等不良情緒,有效提高護(hù)理滿意度,值得在臨床中推廣應(yīng)用。
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