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光學(xué)相干斷層掃描在近視性眼底病變中的研究進(jìn)展

2024-05-14 10:44陳千,李瑞莊,譚凱茵
醫(yī)學(xué)信息 2024年8期
關(guān)鍵詞:近視

陳千,李瑞莊,譚凱茵

摘要:近視是世界上最常見(jiàn)的眼部問(wèn)題,據(jù)估計(jì)2020-2050年全球范圍內(nèi)近視和高度近視的患病率將繼續(xù)增長(zhǎng)。近視是臨床常見(jiàn)眼部疾病,患病率高、預(yù)防效果差,病理性近視常伴眼底病變、眼球壁變薄、近視程度增加、鞏膜延伸等,造成眼底組織損害,又稱高度進(jìn)行性近視。隨著眼科輔助檢查的不斷發(fā)展,一些檢查方法已經(jīng)可以做到對(duì)近視患者的眼底改變進(jìn)行體外精確測(cè)量,例如光學(xué)相干斷層掃描(OCT),此檢查具有無(wú)創(chuàng)、操作簡(jiǎn)便等優(yōu)點(diǎn),可以通過(guò)非接觸對(duì)視網(wǎng)膜結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行定量分析,使醫(yī)生可以更方便地觀察視網(wǎng)膜斷層成像,并獲得更精確的視網(wǎng)膜信息,從而為評(píng)估眼底病變提供更多依據(jù)。目前,OCT已廣泛應(yīng)用于臨床或科學(xué)眼科,以獲得高分辨率的視網(wǎng)膜橫截面圖像,成為眼底病相關(guān)并發(fā)癥診斷和管理中必不可少的檢查手段。本文對(duì)OCT在近視性眼底黃斑、視盤(pán)、視網(wǎng)膜、脈絡(luò)膜等結(jié)構(gòu)病變中的應(yīng)用進(jìn)展進(jìn)行綜述,以探究OCT作為近視眼底篩查工具的應(yīng)用價(jià)值。

關(guān)鍵詞:近視;眼底病變;光學(xué)相干斷層掃描

中圖分類號(hào):R778.1+1? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼:A? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? ? DOI:10.3969/j.issn.1006-1959.2024.08.038

文章編號(hào):1006-1959(2024)08-0177-06

Research Progress of Optical Coherence Tomography in Myopic Fundus Lesions

CHEN Qian1,LI Rui-zhuang2,TAN Kai-yin1

(1.The First Clinical Medical College of Guangdong Medical University,Zhanjiang 524000,Guangdong,China;

2.Department of Ophthalmology,Affiliated Hospital of Guangdong Medical University,Zhanjiang 524000,Guangdong,China)

Abstract:Myopia is the most common eye disease in the world. It is estimated that the prevalence of myopia and high myopia will continue to increase globally from 2020 to 2050. Myopia is a common clinical eye disease with high prevalence and poor prevention effect. Pathological myopia is accompanied by fundus lesions, thinning of the ocular wall, increased degree of myopia, sclera extension and so on, causing fundus tissue damage, also known as highly progressive myopia. With the continuous development of ophthalmic auxiliary examinations, some examination methods have been able to accurately measure the fundus changes of myopic patients in vitro, such as optical coherence tomography (OCT). This examination has the advantages of non-invasive and simple operation. It can quantitatively analyze the retinal structure through non-contact, so that doctors can more easily observe retinal tomography and obtain more accurate retinal information, so as to provide more basis for evaluating fundus lesions. At present, OCT has been widely used in clinical or scientific ophthalmology to obtain high-resolution retinal cross-sectional images, which has become an indispensable examination method in the diagnosis and management of complications related to fundus diseases. This article reviews the application progress of OCT in myopic fundus macular, optic disc, retina, choroid and other structural lesions, in order to explore the application value of OCT as a screening tool for myopic fundus.

Key words:Myopia;Fundus lesions;Optical coherence tomography

近視(myopia)是全球日益嚴(yán)重的重大公共衛(wèi)生問(wèn)題,隨著近視程度的不斷加重,眼底結(jié)構(gòu)和功能也會(huì)發(fā)生相應(yīng)的改變,眼部組織發(fā)生病變的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)也會(huì)急劇增加。特別當(dāng)近視患者發(fā)展成高度近視時(shí),更容易發(fā)生眼部并發(fā)癥,如青光眼、黃斑萎縮、視網(wǎng)膜劈裂、視網(wǎng)膜剝離、近視脈絡(luò)膜新血管生成、脈絡(luò)膜和鞏膜變薄形成等[1]。因此,及時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)和檢查近視性眼底功能及結(jié)構(gòu)的改變對(duì)臨床具有重要意義,尋找更加便捷及準(zhǔn)確的檢查方法是非常有必要且迫切的。對(duì)眼底檢查的傳統(tǒng)方法(例如眼底照相和眼底熒光素鈉造影等)無(wú)法在活體內(nèi)準(zhǔn)確地觀察眼底視網(wǎng)膜各層組織的變化。同樣,傳統(tǒng)的生物測(cè)定方法(例如A掃描和B掃描超聲)也無(wú)法提供足夠的分辨率來(lái)可靠地量化視網(wǎng)膜各層厚度變化及其與人眼近視相關(guān)的病變[2]。而光學(xué)相干斷層掃描(optical coherence tomography, OCT)可通過(guò)近紅外光以高分辨率提供眼組織的橫截面圖像,對(duì)視網(wǎng)膜和視盤(pán)神經(jīng)纖維層(retinal nerve fiber layer, RNFL)各層結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行定量和定性評(píng)估[3],使臨床醫(yī)生能夠獲得眼部結(jié)構(gòu)的高分辨率圖像,包括最深層結(jié)構(gòu)[4],這對(duì)于近視患者眼底檢查及隨訪具有重要意義。通過(guò)這些圖像,可以定性和定量地描述檢查區(qū)域的變化,并且這些變化在研究過(guò)程中可能可以與視覺(jué)功能相關(guān)聯(lián)。本文對(duì)近幾年OCT在識(shí)別和測(cè)量近視患者眼底結(jié)構(gòu)變化和異常方面的效用進(jìn)行總結(jié),以探究OCT作為近視眼底篩查工具的應(yīng)用價(jià)值。

1 OCT原理

OCT是一種干涉測(cè)量、非侵入性成像方法,可以記錄分辨率在微米范圍內(nèi)的二維橫截面圖像和生物結(jié)構(gòu)的三維體積。自1990年引入眼科學(xué)以來(lái),OCT得到了快速發(fā)展及更新?lián)Q代[5,6]。時(shí)域OCT系統(tǒng)(TD-OCT)是最初代的OCT,它通過(guò)將樣品反射的飛行時(shí)間與已知的延遲時(shí)間進(jìn)行比較,使用干涉來(lái)發(fā)現(xiàn)光波的相位差來(lái)進(jìn)行參考反射。其在單個(gè)時(shí)間點(diǎn)對(duì)組織進(jìn)行采樣,但其獲取圖像需要更長(zhǎng)的時(shí)間,所以TD-OCT效率較低[7]。光譜域OCT(SD-OCT)是第二代OCT,可吸收來(lái)自干涉儀的光并穿過(guò)光柵以分離出各組分的波長(zhǎng),使用傅立葉變換可以確定不同波長(zhǎng)的樣品反射同時(shí)來(lái)自何處以及強(qiáng)度如何。因此,在任何給定的曝光量下,SD-OCT提取所有組織層的圖像的效率更高[8]。掃頻光源OCT(SS-OCT)是最新的一代OCT,使用激光以有序的方式掃過(guò)一系列波長(zhǎng)。來(lái)自樣品的波長(zhǎng)和參比波長(zhǎng)的光的干擾產(chǎn)生了一個(gè)信號(hào),該信號(hào)幾乎可以被光電二極管實(shí)時(shí)讀取[1]。該光源本質(zhì)上比SD-OCT使用的光源復(fù)雜,并且SS-OCT中的檢測(cè)器能夠以更高的速度運(yùn)行[8]。

OCT可直觀顯示各組織斷層變化,準(zhǔn)確測(cè)定視網(wǎng)膜厚度,且無(wú)損害,使臨床醫(yī)生能夠檢測(cè)和監(jiān)測(cè)視網(wǎng)膜解剖結(jié)構(gòu)的細(xì)微變化[9]。高速高分辨率OCT能夠?qū)ρ鄣捉Y(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行定量分析,清晰顯示視網(wǎng)膜結(jié)構(gòu),同時(shí)可通過(guò)水平、垂直、放射等多渠道進(jìn)行視網(wǎng)膜斷層成像,獲取有效的視網(wǎng)膜、視盤(pán)信息,定量測(cè)定視網(wǎng)膜厚度。因此,臨床認(rèn)為OCT可定量測(cè)定高度近視患者視網(wǎng)膜視盤(pán)周圍神經(jīng)纖維厚度,明確黃斑區(qū)形態(tài)特點(diǎn),提高近視眼底病變的檢出率。

2 OCT與近視性黃斑病變

近視性黃斑變性(myopic macular degeneration, MMD)也稱為退行性近視或病理性近視,是世界許多地區(qū)人們失明和視力損害的重要病因,尤其是在近視患病率高的地區(qū)[10,11]。近視性視網(wǎng)膜萎縮、近視牽拉性黃斑病變和圓頂狀黃斑等的發(fā)生發(fā)展是危及視力的近視性黃斑部疾病。MMD對(duì)患者視功能損害常呈不可逆特點(diǎn),而盡早監(jiān)測(cè)近視患者黃斑的形態(tài)及功能,給予積極的醫(yī)療干預(yù),則可能有機(jī)會(huì)預(yù)防MMD。有研究表明[12],使用SD-OCT可通過(guò)高分辨率提高黃斑圖像質(zhì)量,能夠更準(zhǔn)確地分析影響黃斑區(qū)域厚度的因素。金梅等[9]在OCT檢查中發(fā)現(xiàn)近視者黃斑外環(huán)區(qū)的上方視網(wǎng)膜厚度以及顳側(cè)視網(wǎng)膜厚度均明顯減少,黃斑外環(huán)區(qū)的上方視網(wǎng)膜厚度、顳側(cè)視網(wǎng)膜厚度也明顯減少。Liu X等[12]使用超高分辨率OCT分析近視眼的視網(wǎng)膜內(nèi)結(jié)構(gòu)變化,結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn)在中央和周邊區(qū)域,高度近視除神經(jīng)節(jié)細(xì)胞和叢狀內(nèi)層以外的所有層都有厚度變化。外圍區(qū)域的總厚度與正視對(duì)照組相比較是變薄的,這主要是因?yàn)閮?nèi)部核層和外部核層較薄。Choi KJ等[13]在OCT結(jié)果中發(fā)現(xiàn),近視牽拉性黃斑病、黃斑裂孔和近視性黃斑中心凹劈裂在高度近視眼中也并不少見(jiàn),認(rèn)為可能是內(nèi)界膜拉伸不良,跟不上后鞏膜葡萄腫的進(jìn)展所致。

圓頂狀黃斑是一種獨(dú)特的眼部特征。2008年,Gaucher D等[14]首先基于OCT觀察,將圓頂狀的黃斑描述為高度近視后鞏膜葡萄腫的凹陷內(nèi)黃斑向內(nèi)隆起。隨后,Mehdizadeh M等[15]報(bào)道,使用增強(qiáng)深度成像(EDI)OCT檢查時(shí),可見(jiàn)圓頂狀的黃斑是黃斑區(qū)域鞏膜厚度局部變化所致。有研究發(fā)現(xiàn)[16],具有圓頂狀黃斑和沒(méi)有圓頂狀黃斑的眼睛之間的最佳矯正視力(BCVA)沒(méi)有差異。Kumar A等[17]發(fā)現(xiàn)在病理性近視眼中,OCT和超聲檢查顯示后鞏膜葡萄腫的凹腔內(nèi)黃斑的凸出為圓頂狀黃斑??赡艿牟±碓虬ㄇ邢蛐圆Aw牽引、局部脈絡(luò)膜或鞏膜增厚、肌張力低下以及視網(wǎng)膜對(duì)鞏膜變形的抵抗力,這可能是發(fā)生圓頂形黃斑而視力無(wú)下降的原因。可見(jiàn),OCT檢查技術(shù)可以成為近視患者眼底黃斑變化的早期監(jiān)測(cè)及病變后隨訪中方便快捷且無(wú)創(chuàng)的檢查方法。

3 OCT與近視性視盤(pán)病變

近視者,尤其是度數(shù)較高的人,患青光眼和后節(jié)段異常的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)更大,如視網(wǎng)膜脫離和視盤(pán)結(jié)構(gòu)形態(tài)異常[18]。近視會(huì)影響視盤(pán)和視盤(pán)周圍視網(wǎng)膜神經(jīng)纖維層(RNFL)的大小和形狀。在沒(méi)有青光眼變化的情況下,近視、眼球的軸向伸長(zhǎng)與視神經(jīng)新月體、視盤(pán)傾斜、視盤(pán)扭轉(zhuǎn)和某些區(qū)域的視乳頭周圍RNFL變薄有關(guān)[19]。OCT可定量測(cè)定高度近視視乳頭周圍RNFL。Liu X等[12]利用OCT檢查發(fā)現(xiàn)高度近視黃斑病變患者視盤(pán)周圍RNFL較正常健康人降低。Giannuzzi F等[20]利用OCT分析表明,在視神經(jīng)盤(pán)附近存在局部神經(jīng)上皮脫離,病理性近視的視乳頭周圍脫離通常是無(wú)癥狀的,在眼底鏡檢查時(shí)表現(xiàn)為黃橙色凸起的病變。

有研究發(fā)現(xiàn)[21,22],視盤(pán)傾斜與近視程度、軸向長(zhǎng)度、視網(wǎng)膜神經(jīng)纖維層厚度等有相當(dāng)大的相關(guān)性。但Moghadas Sharif N等[18]將有無(wú)視盤(pán)傾斜把高度近視患者分為傾斜組和非傾斜組,SD-OCT分析顯示兩組黃斑部視網(wǎng)膜總厚度、神經(jīng)節(jié)層厚度和外核層厚度無(wú)顯著差異。在傾斜組的內(nèi)環(huán)和外環(huán)中,只有顳象限中的黃斑RNFL厚度在統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)上更厚。Jeoung JW等[1]還發(fā)現(xiàn)在傾斜視盤(pán)組中,顳象限RNFL比其他象限厚,且傾斜和非傾斜組的神經(jīng)節(jié)層厚度沒(méi)有顯著差異。這些研究結(jié)果表明OCT作為一種高分辨率和無(wú)創(chuàng)的測(cè)量方法,可以更好地檢測(cè)近視患者的視盤(pán)和周圍變化。

4 OCT與近視性脈絡(luò)膜病變

脈絡(luò)膜是一種血管組織,可為外層視網(wǎng)膜提供氧氣和營(yíng)養(yǎng)物質(zhì)以及調(diào)節(jié)眼內(nèi)壓[2]。近視患者眼軸逐漸增長(zhǎng),脈絡(luò)膜血流狀態(tài)會(huì)發(fā)生改變,導(dǎo)致脈絡(luò)膜進(jìn)行性萎縮、變薄[12]。對(duì)脈絡(luò)膜的傳統(tǒng)檢查方法(例如眼底照相)無(wú)法在活體內(nèi)準(zhǔn)確地觀察脈絡(luò)膜,因?yàn)檫M(jìn)入脈絡(luò)膜的光會(huì)被上方的視網(wǎng)膜組織(尤其是視網(wǎng)膜色素上皮)所遮蓋。而OCT可使用近紅外光以高分辨率提供眼部組織的橫截面圖像,包括脈絡(luò)膜[2]。2008年,Spaide RF等[23]推出了EDI-OCT方法,用于改善OCT圖像中的脈絡(luò)膜可見(jiàn)度。EDI是一種成像方法,其儀器比正常情況下更靠近眼睛,以便掃描時(shí)將最佳的聚焦、靈敏度更深地移向脈絡(luò)膜,從而改善脈絡(luò)膜的可見(jiàn)度。El Matri L等[24]使用EDI-OCT調(diào)查了高度近視眼中心凹脈絡(luò)膜厚度與脈絡(luò)膜新生血管病史之間的相關(guān)性,與沒(méi)有脈絡(luò)膜新生血管(CNV)的眼睛相比,患有CNV的眼睛的脈絡(luò)膜明顯更薄。有研究[25,26]使用OCT對(duì)健康人進(jìn)行脈絡(luò)膜檢查時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn),鼻側(cè)和顳側(cè)的脈絡(luò)膜厚度明顯低于上、下和中心凹下脈絡(luò)膜厚度。Alshareef RA等[27]對(duì)OCT圖像使用二值化后,使用自動(dòng)分割技術(shù)來(lái)量化已經(jīng)很薄的近視脈絡(luò)膜的血管面積和基質(zhì)區(qū)域,發(fā)現(xiàn)與健康對(duì)照組相比,近視患者的血管面積或脈絡(luò)膜血管百分比無(wú)顯著差異。近視CNV在OCT檢查中表現(xiàn)為視網(wǎng)膜下高反射性病變,還可能存在視網(wǎng)膜內(nèi)、視網(wǎng)膜下積液,色素上皮脫離和視網(wǎng)膜下出血[28]。此外,OCT在隨訪期間,由于CNV體積較及滲出較微小,也不能用于監(jiān)測(cè)近視CNV的活動(dòng)狀態(tài)[25,29]。但OCT是一種非侵入性技術(shù),使臨床醫(yī)生能夠檢測(cè)和監(jiān)測(cè)視網(wǎng)膜解剖結(jié)構(gòu)的細(xì)微變化。所以,在未來(lái)的研究中與傳統(tǒng)的眼底檢查技術(shù)進(jìn)行比較,更推薦使用OCT對(duì)脈絡(luò)膜厚度進(jìn)行徑向掃描檢查。

5 OCT與近視性視網(wǎng)膜病變

近視發(fā)展過(guò)程中,隨著眼軸不斷延伸及屈光度的改變,眼底會(huì)有不同程度的視網(wǎng)膜結(jié)構(gòu)和功能改變以及厚度變薄[30,31]。以前的研究認(rèn)為,高度近視與屈光度增加有關(guān),但經(jīng)常忽略視網(wǎng)膜病變狀況,導(dǎo)致患者失去最佳治療時(shí)機(jī)。最近的報(bào)道表明[32-34],眼軸延伸引起的機(jī)械牽引會(huì)影響視網(wǎng)膜厚度,從而影響視網(wǎng)膜外層血液供應(yīng)和代謝,最終導(dǎo)致有核細(xì)胞層數(shù)減少,視網(wǎng)膜逐漸萎縮,中心視力不可逆地減少。一般正常視網(wǎng)膜由雙層強(qiáng)反射光帶構(gòu)成,其內(nèi)部為低反射區(qū),視網(wǎng)膜神經(jīng)上皮層在OCT上表現(xiàn)為視網(wǎng)膜表面與內(nèi)部明顯強(qiáng)反射對(duì)比,因此OCT對(duì)視網(wǎng)膜厚度測(cè)定相對(duì)簡(jiǎn)單[12]。也有研究發(fā)現(xiàn)[35],OCT的非接觸性使其更容易被患者接受,尤其是未成年患者,患者對(duì)OCT的滿意度明顯高于常規(guī)檢查。如今,近視患者的發(fā)病年齡也越來(lái)越小,因此更推薦用OCT對(duì)近視患者進(jìn)行視網(wǎng)膜檢查。

可通過(guò)OCT研究發(fā)現(xiàn)在高度近視或有視網(wǎng)膜前膜患者在視網(wǎng)膜血管周圍的血管旁異常[36],這些異常多在視網(wǎng)膜血管弓附近分布,且這些病變通常沒(méi)有臨床癥狀,傳統(tǒng)眼底檢查技術(shù)并不能檢查出這些細(xì)微病變,而OCT可以真實(shí)地呈現(xiàn)出這些視網(wǎng)膜血管旁的異常改變。Breher K等[37]在OCT檢查時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn),水平視網(wǎng)膜曲率半徑和水平與垂直視網(wǎng)膜形狀之間的方向比與軸向長(zhǎng)度有顯著的相關(guān)。垂直視網(wǎng)膜形狀和中心凹參數(shù)與眼軸長(zhǎng)度和屈光異常卻無(wú)相關(guān)性。因此,利用OCT檢查技術(shù)主動(dòng)篩查近視性視網(wǎng)膜病變,并在此基礎(chǔ)上為患者提供相應(yīng)的治療,可有效降低不可逆視功能損害的風(fēng)險(xiǎn)。

6 OCT與近視性后鞏膜葡萄腫病變

隨著近視程度的發(fā)展,眼軸不斷增長(zhǎng),鞏膜會(huì)逐漸后移,脈絡(luò)膜厚度在鞏膜葡萄腫邊緣變薄被認(rèn)為是鞏膜葡萄腫邊緣鞏膜向內(nèi)突出之前的早期體征。后鞏膜葡萄腫是后極部鞏膜和葡萄膜的向后突出,是高度近視的病理標(biāo)志[38],也是病理性肌腱的標(biāo)志,其曲率半徑小于周圍眼壁的曲率半徑[39]。之前的研究也表明[40],高度近視的后鞏膜葡萄腫眼視力明顯差于沒(méi)有后鞏膜葡萄腫的高度近視眼。

傳統(tǒng)的SD-OCT技術(shù)由于掃描長(zhǎng)度有限,激光的穿透深度低且靈敏度隨成像深度的滾動(dòng)而受到限制。具有更寬掃描區(qū)域和更長(zhǎng)波長(zhǎng)的寬視場(chǎng)掃描源OCT(WF-OCT)則更有利于對(duì)后鞏膜葡萄腫進(jìn)行形態(tài)學(xué)分析[41]。WF-OCT技術(shù)提高了后鞏膜葡萄腫的可檢測(cè)性,然而由于掃描線的長(zhǎng)度相對(duì)較短,因此也受到顯著限制[42]。在大多數(shù)研究中,WF-OCT圖像被限制在一條或幾條掃描線上,因此不能做出后鞏膜葡萄腫的三維圖像[39]。但WF-OCT可檢查出后鞏膜葡萄腫的形態(tài)學(xué)特征,包括脈絡(luò)膜從周邊向鞏膜葡萄腫的邊緣逐漸變薄、脈絡(luò)膜朝向后極的逐漸加厚以及向內(nèi)突出在鞏膜葡萄腫的邊緣鞏膜[43,44]。后鞏膜葡萄腫的形成是漸進(jìn)的,很難確定其何時(shí)以及如何發(fā)展。然而,OCT技術(shù)可以檢查鞏膜葡萄腫的早期變化,為后鞏膜葡萄腫形成的預(yù)防性治療的適應(yīng)證提供重要線索。

7總結(jié)與展望

OCT的應(yīng)用前景非常廣闊,可以在小瞳下對(duì)視網(wǎng)膜結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行無(wú)創(chuàng)體外成像,能夠?qū)暬颊唿S斑、視盤(pán)、脈絡(luò)膜、視網(wǎng)膜及鞏膜的變化進(jìn)行定性評(píng)估和定量分析,對(duì)于監(jiān)測(cè)和隨訪近視患者眼底的病變發(fā)揮重要的指導(dǎo)作用。但OCT在眼底病變的應(yīng)用在目前階段還存在一些不足。其一,單獨(dú)使用OCT檢測(cè)近視眼底病變的敏感性有限,眼底病變時(shí)不僅視網(wǎng)膜厚度會(huì)發(fā)生改變,眼底各層血管也可能會(huì)相繼發(fā)生病變,而OCT僅能檢測(cè)視網(wǎng)膜層間結(jié)構(gòu)的變化,對(duì)眼底血管病變的監(jiān)測(cè)能力有限,因此檢查時(shí)可能還需結(jié)合光學(xué)相干斷層掃描血管成像等技術(shù)對(duì)眼底血管進(jìn)行檢查。其二,大多數(shù)臨床商用的OCT設(shè)備無(wú)視網(wǎng)膜各層界面的自動(dòng)分割工具或在圖像質(zhì)量欠佳時(shí)自動(dòng)分割錯(cuò)誤,因而許多研究都依賴于對(duì)OCT圖像進(jìn)行手動(dòng)分析測(cè)量視網(wǎng)膜厚度,或者使用OCT中基于卡尺的軟件工具及通過(guò)定制軟件的分析圖像,這會(huì)使得最后得出的結(jié)果出現(xiàn)一定的誤差。

基于以上情況,在進(jìn)行近視眼底檢查時(shí),臨床醫(yī)生不僅需關(guān)注視網(wǎng)膜層間厚度及結(jié)構(gòu)的變化,還應(yīng)結(jié)合其他檢查工具來(lái)監(jiān)測(cè)血流變化綜合評(píng)估近視性眼底變化情況。另外,可能還需開(kāi)發(fā)出從OCT圖像自動(dòng)評(píng)估視網(wǎng)膜厚度的更加精確的算法軟件,減少依賴人工分析得出視網(wǎng)膜特征的誤差。不斷更新?lián)Q代的OCT技術(shù)和設(shè)備發(fā)展,可使得檢查結(jié)果的精準(zhǔn)度和敏感度大幅上升,讓檢查醫(yī)生盡早發(fā)現(xiàn)問(wèn)題、解決問(wèn)題,這對(duì)于揭示近視性眼底病變的生理病理、演變規(guī)律與指導(dǎo)疾病的診斷治療、預(yù)后、隨訪具有重大意義。

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收稿日期:2023-03-22;修回日期:2023-05-04

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