周朝霞,張?bào)K,趙媛,王肖瀟,呂歡歡
摘要目的:探討芍藥苷對(duì)鹽敏感性高血壓(SSH)大鼠血壓和血管內(nèi)皮功能的影響及其相關(guān)作用機(jī)制。方法:將50只Dahl鹽敏感大鼠隨機(jī)分為正常對(duì)照組(Control組)、高鹽組(SSH組)、芍藥苷組(PF組)、磷脂酰肌醇-3-激酶(PI3K)/蛋白激酶B(AKT)/哺乳動(dòng)物雷帕霉素靶蛋白(mTOR)信號(hào)通路激活劑組(740Y-P組)、芍藥苷+740Y-P組(PF+740Y-P組),每組10只。各組大鼠進(jìn)行4周給藥干預(yù)。采用動(dòng)物無創(chuàng)血壓儀測量大鼠尾動(dòng)脈收縮壓、舒張壓;酶聯(lián)免疫吸附法(ELISA)測定大鼠血清內(nèi)皮素-1(ET-1)、一氧化氮(NO)、血栓素B2(TXB2)水平;蘇木精-伊紅(HE)染色觀察大鼠主動(dòng)脈病理變化;免疫組織化學(xué)染色檢測大鼠主動(dòng)脈組織中內(nèi)皮型一氧化氮合酶(eNOS)表達(dá);蛋白質(zhì)免疫印跡法(Western Blot)檢測大鼠主動(dòng)脈組織中PI3K/AKT/mTOR信號(hào)通路蛋白表達(dá)。結(jié)果:與Control組比較,SSH組和740Y-P組大鼠主動(dòng)脈血管內(nèi)皮不完整,部分血管內(nèi)皮脫落,且內(nèi)膜明顯增厚、外膜有大量沉積物;PF組大鼠主動(dòng)脈血管病理損傷較SSH組明顯減輕;PF+740Y-P組大鼠主動(dòng)脈血管病理損傷較740Y-P組明顯減輕,但較PF組明顯加重。與Control組比較,SSH組大鼠收縮壓、舒張壓、血清ET-1、TXB2水平均升高,血清NO水平降低(P<0.05);主動(dòng)脈組織中eNOS表達(dá)水平降低,磷酸化(p)-PI3K/PI3K、p-AKT/AKT、p-mTOR/mTOR比值均升高(P<0.05)。與SSH組比較,PF組大鼠收縮壓、舒張壓、血清ET-1、TXB2水平均降低,血清NO水平升高(P<0.05);主動(dòng)脈組織中eNOS表達(dá)水平升高,p-PI3K/PI3K、p-AKT/AKT、p-mTOR/mTOR比值均降低(P<0.05)。與PF組比較,PF+740Y-P組大鼠收縮壓、舒張壓、血清ET-1、TXB2水平均升高,血清NO水平降低(P<0.05);主動(dòng)脈組織中eNOS表達(dá)水平降低,p-PI3K/PI3K、p-AKT/AKT、p-mTOR/mTOR比值均升高(P<0.05)。與740Y-P組比較,PF+740Y-P組大鼠收縮壓、舒張壓、血清ET-1、TXB2水平均降低,血清NO水平升高(P<0.05);主動(dòng)脈組織中eNOS表達(dá)水平升高,p-PI3K/PI3K、p-AKT/AKT、p-mTOR/mTOR比值均降低(P<0.05)。結(jié)論:芍藥苷可以有效降低SSH大鼠血壓,并改善大鼠血管內(nèi)皮功能,其作用機(jī)制可能與抑制PI3K/AKT/mTOR信號(hào)通路激活有關(guān)。
關(guān)鍵詞鹽敏感性高血壓;芍藥苷;血壓;血管內(nèi)皮功能;磷脂酰肌醇-3-激酶/蛋白激酶B/哺乳動(dòng)物雷帕霉素靶蛋白信號(hào)通路;實(shí)驗(yàn)研究
doi:10.12102/j.issn.1672-1349.2024.08.009
Effects of Paeoniflora on Blood Pressure and Vascular Endothelial Function in Salt-sensitive Hypertensive Rats by Regulating PI3K/AKT/mTOR Signaling Pathway
ZHOU Zhaoxia, ZHANG Ji, ZHAO Yuan, WANG Xiaoxiao, LYU Huanhuan
Shaanxi Provincial People′s Hospital, Xi′an 710068, Shaanxi, China, E-mail: zhouzhaoxia2001@163.com
AbstractObjective:To observe the effect of Paeoniflorin on blood pressure and vascular endothelial function in salt-sensitive hypertensive(SSH) rats and its mechanism.Methods:Fifty Dahl salt-sensitive rats were randomly divided into normal control group,high salt group(SSH group),Paeoniformin group(PF group),Phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase(PI3K)/protein kinase B(AKT)/mammalian target of rapamycin(mTOR) signaling pathway activator group 740Y-P,paeoniformin +740Y -P group(PF+740Y-P group),with 10 rats in each group.The rats in each group were treated with drug intervention for 4 weeks.Rat tail artery systolic and diastolic blood pressure were measured by animal by animal non-invasive sphygmomanometer.The serum levels of endothelin-1(ET-1),nitric oxide(NO) and thromboxane B2(TXB2) were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Hematoxylin-eosin(HE) staining was used to observe the pathological changes of aorta in rats.The protein expression of endothelial nitric oxide synthetase(eNOS) in rat aorta was detected by immunohistochemical staining.The? expression of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway in rat aorta was detected by Western Blot.Results:Compared with the Control group,the aortic endothelium in the SSH group and the 740Y-P group was incomplete,part of the vascular endothelium was detached,the intima was obviously proliferated,and there were large amounts of deposits in the outer membrane.The pathological damage of aorta vessels in the PF group was significantly less than that in SSH group.The pathological damage of aorta in the PF+740Y-P group significantly decreased than that in the 740Y-P group,but significantly aggravated than that in the PF group.Compared with the Control group,systolic blood pressure,diastolic blood pressure,serum ET-1 and TXB2 levels increased in SSH group,while serum NO level decreased(P<0.05).The expression level of eNOS in aortic tissues decreased,while the phosphorylation(p) -PI3K/PI3K,p-AKT/AKT and p-mTOR/mTOR increased(P<0.05).Compared with the PF group,systolic blood pressure,diastolic blood pressure,serum ET-1 and TXB2 levels in the PF+740Y-P group increased,while the serum NO level decreased(P<0.05).The expression level of eNOS in aortic tissues decreased,while the p-PI3K/PI3K,P-AKT/AKT and p-mTOR/mTOR increased(P<0.05).Compared with the 740Y-P group,systolic blood pressure,diastolic blood pressure,serum ET-1 and TXB2 levels in the PF+740Y-P group decreased,while the serum NO level increased(P<0.05).The expression level of eNOS in aortic tissues increased,and the p-PI3K/PI3K,p-AKT/AKT and p-mTOR/mTOR decreased(P<0.05).Conclusion:Paeoniflora could effectively reduce blood pressure and improve vascular endothelial function in SSH rats,and its mechanism might be related to inhibiting the activation of PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway.
Keywordssalt-sensitive hypertension; Paeoniflorin;? blood pressure;? vascular endothelial function; phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase/protein kinase B/mammalian target of rapamycin signaling pathway; experimental study
鹽敏感性高血壓(salt-sensitive hypertension,SSH)是一種重要的、特殊類型的原發(fā)性高血壓。現(xiàn)在生活習(xí)慣中高鹽飲食導(dǎo)致血壓升高,已成為心血管疾病及慢性腎病發(fā)生和發(fā)展過程中一個(gè)重要的獨(dú)立危險(xiǎn)因素[1]。盡管臨床上控制高鹽攝入量以及藥物治療降低血壓的策略取得了一定的進(jìn)展,但當(dāng)前的治療策略卻不能徹底預(yù)防SSH進(jìn)展引發(fā)的心血管、腎臟等損傷[2]。因此,探索開發(fā)防治SSH的新的有效治療藥物具有重要臨床意義。內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞可分泌血管擴(kuò)張和收縮物質(zhì),在控制血管張力和血液流動(dòng)方面起著重要作用,內(nèi)皮功能障礙的特征是內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞的作用向促血栓形成、促炎癥和促收縮特性轉(zhuǎn)變。在包括SSH在內(nèi)的各種心血管疾病中都觀察到血管內(nèi)皮功能障礙的發(fā)生,靶向調(diào)節(jié)血管內(nèi)皮功能可能為高血壓及其相關(guān)心血管疾病提供新的治療策略[3-4]。芍藥苷(Paeoniflorin)是一種源自乳花芍藥的天然產(chǎn)物,具有抗炎、抗腫瘤和抗凋亡等多種藥理活性。研究證實(shí),芍藥苷在治療心血管疾病方面具有顯著療效[5]。在急性心肌梗死大鼠模型中,芍藥苷治療減小了梗死面積并降低了肌酸激酶、乳酸脫氫酶等心肌損傷標(biāo)志物水平[6]。在自發(fā)性高血壓的壓力超負(fù)荷模型以及脂多糖誘導(dǎo)的心功能不全動(dòng)物模型中,芍藥苷通過降低炎性因子水平減少心臟炎癥并改善心臟功能[7-8]。然而,芍藥苷對(duì)SSH的體內(nèi)作用及其潛在機(jī)制在很大程度上仍然未知。因此,本研究觀察芍藥苷對(duì)高鹽飲食誘導(dǎo)的SSH大鼠模型血壓和血管內(nèi)皮功能的影響。
1材料與方法
1.1材料
無特定病原體(SPF)級(jí)6周齡健康雄性Dahl鹽敏感大鼠,體質(zhì)量160~180 g,購自西安交通大學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)動(dòng)物中心,動(dòng)物合格證號(hào):SCXK(陜)2020-001。大鼠在室溫(23±2)℃、相對(duì)濕度(55±5)%、12 h光暗交替的SPF環(huán)境中飼養(yǎng)1周后開展實(shí)驗(yàn)。芍藥苷、磷脂酰肌醇-3-激酶(PI3K)/蛋白激酶B(AKT)/哺乳動(dòng)物雷帕霉素靶蛋白(mTOR)信號(hào)通路激活劑740Y-P均購自美國MCE公司;內(nèi)皮素-1(endothelin-1,ET-1)、一氧化氮(nitric oxide,NO)、血栓素B2(thromboxane B2,TXB2)酶聯(lián)免疫吸附法(ELISA)檢測試劑盒購自南京建成生物工程研究所;蘇木精-伊紅(HE)染色試劑盒、免疫組織化學(xué)染色試劑盒購自上海捷瑞生物工程有限公司;內(nèi)皮型一氧化氮合成酶(endothelial nitric oxide synthase,eNOS)、PI3K、磷酸化PI3K(phosphorylated PI3K,p-PI3K)、AKT、磷酸化AKT(phosphorylated AKT,p-AKT)、mTOR、磷酸化mTOR(phosphorylated mTOR,p-mTOR)、β-actin抗體和辣根過氧化物酶標(biāo)記的山羊抗兔二抗購自英國Abcam公司。
1.2方法
1.2.1實(shí)驗(yàn)分組及模型建立
將大鼠隨機(jī)分為正常對(duì)照組(Control組)、高鹽組(SSH組)、芍藥苷組(PF組)、PI3K/AKT/mTOR信號(hào)通路激活劑組(740Y-P組)、芍藥苷+740Y-P組(PF+740Y-P組),每組10只。測量并記錄大鼠基礎(chǔ)血壓。Control組大鼠給予6周含0.3%氯化鈉(NaCl)的低鹽飼料喂養(yǎng)。其余各組參照文獻(xiàn)[9]方法進(jìn)行造模:大鼠給予含8%NaCl的高鹽飼料喂養(yǎng),每周測1次血壓,6周后,測量發(fā)現(xiàn)大鼠收縮壓較基礎(chǔ)血壓升高大于10%且≥140 mmHg,即判定為造模成功。
1.2.2給藥干預(yù)
造模成功后第2 天,根據(jù)參考文獻(xiàn)[10]方法和預(yù)實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果確定給藥劑量進(jìn)行給藥干預(yù)。PF+740Y-P組大鼠以80 mg/kg芍藥苷溶液每天灌胃1次,同時(shí)以0.02 mg/kg的740Y-P溶液每天腹腔注射1次;PF組大鼠以80 mg/kg的芍藥苷溶液每天灌胃1次,同時(shí)以0.02 mg/kg劑量的生理鹽水每天腹腔注射干預(yù)1次;740Y-P組大鼠以80 mg/kg劑量的生理鹽水每天灌胃1次,同時(shí)以0.02 mg/kg的740Y-P溶液每天腹腔注射1次;Control組和SSH組大鼠以等量生理鹽水每天灌胃及腹腔注射1次。連續(xù)干預(yù)4周。
1.2.3大鼠血壓測量
采用BP-2000R2動(dòng)物無創(chuàng)血壓儀測量大鼠尾動(dòng)脈收縮壓、舒張壓。每只大鼠于清醒安靜狀態(tài)下每周同一時(shí)間重復(fù)測量5次,取平均值作為該只大鼠本周血壓。記錄大鼠給藥前、給藥4周后的血壓。
1.2.4血管內(nèi)皮功能活性物質(zhì)檢測
末次給藥結(jié)束后,大鼠禁食不禁水24 h,腹主動(dòng)脈采血,分離血清,ELISA法測定血清ET-1、NO、TXB2水平。
1.2.5HE染色
取血后處死大鼠,分離胸主動(dòng)脈血管,一部分保存于液氮中,一部分用4%多聚甲醛固定,制成4 μm厚的石蠟切片,進(jìn)行HE染色觀察主動(dòng)脈病理變化。
1.2.6免疫組織化學(xué)染色
將大鼠主動(dòng)脈石蠟切片置于60 ℃恒溫箱中烘烤2 h,脫蠟、水化,3%過氧化氫溶液避光封閉10 min,磷酸緩沖鹽溶液(PBS)洗滌,用10 μmol/L檸檬酸鈉溶液進(jìn)行修復(fù)抗原,PBS洗滌,滴加山羊血清封閉30 min,滴加eNOS抗體(1∶500)于4 ℃孵育過夜,PBS洗滌,滴加二抗37 ℃孵育2 h,PBS洗滌,用二氨基聯(lián)苯胺(DAB)溶液顯色,蘇木精復(fù)染,脫水、透明、封片后,在光學(xué)顯微鏡下觀察,陽性細(xì)胞呈棕色或棕褐色,采用Image Pro 5.0軟件分析陽性區(qū)域光密度值(OD值)。
1.2.7蛋白質(zhì)免疫印跡法(Western Blot)實(shí)驗(yàn)
用RIPA裂解緩沖液提取大鼠主動(dòng)脈內(nèi)皮組織中總蛋白,蛋白質(zhì)含量用二喹啉甲酸法(BCA)試劑盒測定。將等量的蛋白質(zhì)樣品進(jìn)行十二烷基硫酸鈉-聚丙烯酰胺凝膠電泳(SDS-PAGE)分離,并轉(zhuǎn)移至聚偏二氟乙烯(PVDF)膜上。用5%脫脂牛奶阻斷膜2 h,洗膜,將膜在4 ℃下置于PI3K(1∶500)、p-PI3K(1∶500)、AKT(1∶500)、p-AKT(1∶500)、mTOR(1∶800)、p-mTOR(1∶500)、β-actin(1∶1 000)一抗中孵育過夜,洗膜,將膜與二抗(1∶2 000)室溫孵育2 h,洗膜,在膜上滴加增強(qiáng)化學(xué)發(fā)光試劑,在凝膠成像系統(tǒng)中顯影。以β-actin為內(nèi)參,用Image J軟件進(jìn)行蛋白條帶灰度值分析。
1.3統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理
采用SPSS 25.0軟件進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析,符合正態(tài)分布的定量資料以均數(shù)±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差(x±s)表示,多組間比較采用單因素方差分析,進(jìn)一步兩兩比較采用LSD-t檢驗(yàn),以P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2結(jié)果
2.1各組大鼠不同時(shí)間點(diǎn)血壓變化比較
給藥前,與Control組比較,SSH組大鼠收縮壓和舒張壓均顯著升高(P<0.05);與SSH組比較,PF組、740Y-P組和PF+740Y-P組大鼠收縮壓和舒張壓比較差異均無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。給藥4周后,與Control組比較,SSH組大鼠收縮壓和舒張壓均顯著升高(P<0.05);與SSH組比較,PF組大鼠收縮壓和舒張壓均顯著降低(P<0.05),740Y-P組大鼠收縮壓和舒張壓變化差異均無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05);與PF組比較,PF+740Y-P組大鼠收縮壓和舒張壓均顯著升高(P<0.05);與740Y-P組比較,PF+740Y-P組大鼠收縮壓和舒張壓均顯著降低(P<0.05)。詳見表1。
2.2各組大鼠血管內(nèi)皮功能活性物質(zhì)水平比較
與Control組比較,SSH組大鼠血清ET-1、TXB2水平均顯著升高,NO水平顯著降低(P<0.05);與SSH組比較,PF組大鼠血清ET-1、TXB2水平均顯著降低,NO水平顯著升高(P<0.05),740Y-P組大鼠血清ET-1、TXB2、NO水平變化差異均無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05);與PF組比較,PF+740Y-P組大鼠血清ET-1、TXB2水平均顯著升高,NO水平顯著降低(P<0.05);與740Y-P組比較,PF+740Y-P組大鼠血清ET-1、TXB2水平均顯著降低,NO水平顯著升高(P<0.05)。詳見表2。
2.3各組大鼠主動(dòng)脈病理變化情況
Control組大鼠主動(dòng)脈血管內(nèi)皮完整,表面光滑,呈梭形的內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞單層緊密排列,結(jié)構(gòu)正常;SSH組和740Y-P組大鼠主動(dòng)脈血管內(nèi)皮不完整,部分血管內(nèi)皮脫落,細(xì)胞缺失處內(nèi)膜不光滑,且內(nèi)膜明顯增厚,外膜有大量沉積物;PF組大鼠主動(dòng)脈血管內(nèi)皮脫落、內(nèi)膜增厚及外膜沉積情況較SSH組均明顯減輕;PF+740Y-P組大鼠主動(dòng)脈血管病理損傷較740Y-P組明顯減輕,但較PF組明顯加重。詳見圖1。
2.4各組大鼠主動(dòng)脈組織中eNOS表達(dá)比較
與Control組比較,SSH組大鼠主動(dòng)脈組織中eNOS表達(dá)水平顯著降低(P<0.05);與SSH組比較,PF組大鼠主動(dòng)脈組織中eNOS表達(dá)水平顯著升高(P<0.05),740Y-P組大鼠主動(dòng)脈組織中eNOS表達(dá)水平變化差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05);與PF組比較,PF+740Y-P組大鼠主動(dòng)脈組織中eNOS表達(dá)水平顯著降低(P<0.05);與740Y-P組比較,PF+740Y-P組大鼠主動(dòng)脈組織中eNOS表達(dá)水平顯著升高(P<0.05)。詳見圖2、圖3。
2.5各組大鼠主動(dòng)脈組織中PI3K/AKT/mTOR信號(hào)通路相關(guān)蛋白表達(dá)比較
與Control組比較,SSH組大鼠主動(dòng)脈組織中p-PI3K/PI3K、p-AKT/AKT、p-mTOR/mTOR比值均顯著升高(P<0.05);與SSH組比較,PF組大鼠主動(dòng)脈組織中p-PI3K/PI3K、p-AKT/AKT、p-mTOR/mTOR比值均顯著降低(P<0.05),740Y-P組大鼠主動(dòng)脈組織中p-PI3K/PI3K、p-AKT/AKT、p-mTOR/mTOR比值均顯著升高(P<0.05);與PF組比較,PF+740Y-P組大鼠主動(dòng)脈組織中p-PI3K/PI3K、p-AKT/AKT、p-mTOR/mTOR比值均顯著升高(P<0.05);與740Y-P組比較,PF+740Y-P組大鼠主動(dòng)脈組織中p-PI3K/PI3K、p-AKT/AKT、p-mTOR/mTOR比值均顯著降低(P<0.05)。詳見圖4、圖5。
3討論
芍藥苷是一種單萜苷類化合物,具有重要的藥用價(jià)值。研究證明,芍藥苷可通過緩解高血壓減輕靶器官的損傷[11]。Li等[12]研究報(bào)道,芍藥苷和美托洛爾聯(lián)合作用可改善自發(fā)性高血壓大鼠的微循環(huán),減輕內(nèi)皮功能障礙,具有協(xié)同抗高血壓的作用。Wu等[13]報(bào)道,芍藥苷可以促進(jìn)妊娠高血壓大鼠沉默信息調(diào)節(jié)因子2相關(guān)酶1(SIRT1)和NO/eNOS的表達(dá),抑制誘導(dǎo)型一氧化氮合成酶(iNOS)的產(chǎn)生,改善血管內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞損傷,從而緩解妊娠高血壓的發(fā)展。此外,芍藥苷還可通過抑制內(nèi)皮-間充質(zhì)轉(zhuǎn)化、抑制肺動(dòng)脈周圍炎性細(xì)胞浸潤減輕肺動(dòng)脈高壓[14-15]。本研究探究芍藥苷對(duì)SSH大鼠血壓的影響,結(jié)果顯示,芍藥苷干預(yù)能夠有效降低SSH大鼠收縮壓和舒張壓,表明芍藥苷在SSH中具有顯著的抗血壓活性。
SSH血壓升高與血管內(nèi)皮功能受損和血管收縮反應(yīng)異常增強(qiáng)有關(guān)[16]。內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞通過合成和釋放一系列內(nèi)皮衍生的舒張因子,包括前列腺素、NO、內(nèi)皮依賴性超極化因子以及血管緊張素Ⅱ、ET-1和血栓素等血管活性肽物質(zhì),在調(diào)節(jié)血管張力方面發(fā)揮著重要作用,內(nèi)皮功能障礙主要是由內(nèi)皮衍生的放松因子的產(chǎn)生或作用減少引起的[4]。研究報(bào)道,鐵皮石斛通過降低血液中ET-1和TXB2含量,增加前列環(huán)素和NO含量以及胸主動(dòng)脈eNOS表達(dá),保護(hù)血管內(nèi)皮功能,降低高糖高脂及復(fù)方酒精誘導(dǎo)高血壓大鼠的收縮壓和平均動(dòng)脈壓,最終抵抗高血壓[17]。Xie等[18]研究發(fā)現(xiàn),芍藥苷通過調(diào)節(jié)TXB2、eNOS和ET-1等血管內(nèi)皮活性物質(zhì)水平發(fā)揮抗血栓作用。并且一些研究已經(jīng)證明了芍藥苷對(duì)各種實(shí)驗(yàn)疾病模型中血管內(nèi)皮功能的調(diào)節(jié)作用。芍藥苷通過促進(jìn)血管內(nèi)皮生長因子(vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)A上調(diào)緩解先兆子癇中可溶性FMS樣酪氨酸激酶1和可溶性分泌素引起的內(nèi)皮功能障礙[19]。芍藥苷通過抗氧化和抗炎作用在波動(dòng)性高血糖誘導(dǎo)的血管內(nèi)皮損傷中發(fā)揮保護(hù)作用[20]。此外,芍藥苷通過抑制缺氧誘導(dǎo)因子-1α(hypoxia-inducible factor-1α,HIF-1α)/VEGF/信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)和轉(zhuǎn)錄激活因子3(STAT3)途徑,阻止了缺氧誘導(dǎo)的人視網(wǎng)膜毛細(xì)血管內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞血管生成,最終減輕了視網(wǎng)膜靜脈阻塞小鼠的視網(wǎng)膜病變[21]。本研究結(jié)果顯示,芍藥苷可顯著降低SSH大鼠血清ET-1、TXB2水平,升高血清NO水平,同時(shí)升高大鼠主動(dòng)脈組織中eNOS表達(dá)水平。此外,主動(dòng)脈病理形態(tài)學(xué)觀察顯示,芍藥苷可減輕SSH大鼠主動(dòng)脈血管內(nèi)皮脫落、內(nèi)膜增殖及外膜沉積等病理改變,整體改善大鼠主動(dòng)脈組織病理損傷。表明芍藥苷對(duì)SSH大鼠血管內(nèi)皮功能起到保護(hù)作用。
PI3K/AKT/mTOR信號(hào)通路參與生命過程中的多種生物功能。激活的PI3K/AKT信號(hào)通路對(duì)平滑肌細(xì)胞和血管成纖維細(xì)胞的分化、增殖和凋亡有重要影響[22-23]。mTOR作為PI3K/AKT信號(hào)通路的下游元件,PI3K/AKT信號(hào)通路激活會(huì)促進(jìn)mTOR磷酸化激活。PI3K/AKT/mTOR信號(hào)通路是調(diào)節(jié)細(xì)胞生存、增殖、生長和運(yùn)動(dòng)等多種正常過程的典型信號(hào)通路[24],對(duì)該通路的深入研究表明,PI3K/AKT/mTOR信號(hào)通路在高血壓調(diào)控中發(fā)揮重要作用[25]。已有研究報(bào)道,芍藥苷可通過調(diào)控PI3K/AKT/mTOR信號(hào)通路發(fā)揮抗炎和免疫調(diào)節(jié)作用[26]。本研究中,芍藥苷顯著降低SSH大鼠主動(dòng)脈組織中PI3K、AKT和mTOR磷酸化水平,抑制PI3K/AKT/mTOR信號(hào)通路激活,并且這種抑制作用被PI3K/AKT/mTOR信號(hào)通路激活劑740Y-P減弱。此外,740Y-P顯著減弱了芍藥苷對(duì)SSH大鼠血壓、血管內(nèi)皮功能的改善作用,但740Y-P沒有完全逆轉(zhuǎn)芍藥苷對(duì)SSH的作用效果。因此,芍藥苷可能部分通過抑制PI3K/AKT/mTOR信號(hào)通路活化降低SSH大鼠血壓、改善大鼠血管內(nèi)皮功能。
綜上所述,芍藥苷可以有效降低SSH大鼠血壓,并改善大鼠血管內(nèi)皮功能。芍藥苷介導(dǎo)的抗高血壓和保護(hù)血管內(nèi)皮功能作用可能部分與抑制PI3K/AKT/mTOR信號(hào)途徑激活有關(guān)。本研究為芍藥苷在SSH中的作用效果提供了實(shí)驗(yàn)證據(jù),芍藥苷對(duì)SSH具有潛在治療作用。未來的研究需要闡明芍藥苷介導(dǎo)的SSH中PI3K/AKT/mTOR途徑抑制的確切潛在機(jī)制以及芍藥苷可能影響的其他信號(hào)轉(zhuǎn)導(dǎo)途徑。
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(收稿日期:2022-12-01)
(本文編輯王雅潔)