Abstracts

From"Trump"1.0"to"Trump"2.0："A"Perspective"on"U.S."Strategic"Competition"Policy"toward"China

ZHU"Feng"and"LING"Banghao

Abstract："The"trajectory"of"U.S.-China"relations，"spanning"the"Trump"administration，"the"Biden"presidency，"and"a"potential"second"term"under"Trump，"reveals"a"consistent"evolution"within"a"framework"of"escalating"adversarial"competition."This"competitive"trajectory"has"progressed"through"four"phases："inception，"implementation，"escalation，"and"current"reinforcement."Centered"on"strategic"rivalry，"the"United"States"has"developed"a"comprehensive"containment"strategy"that"has"become"increasingly"institutionalized，"with"mechanisms"of"competition"firmly"entrenched"and"unlikely"to"be"reversed"in"the"near"term."Central"to"this"strategy"is"technological"competition，"which"has"evolved"from"the"“Trade"War”"and"“Tech"Decoupling”"initiatives"during"Trump’s"first"term"to"the"establishment"of"a"“Democratic"Tech"Alliance”"and"“Small"Yard，"High"Fence”"policies"under"Biden."While"a"second"Trump"administration"would"likely"retain"the"policy"inertia"of"its"predecessor，"it"would"also"reveal"increasing"contradictions."Domestically，"the"divergence"of"China"policy"across"political"parties"and"interest"groups"has"created"mounting"constraints."Internationally，"Washington"faces"challenges"in"rallying"its"allies"to"form"a"united"anti-China"coalition，"as"strategic"autonomy，"economic"interests，"and"shifting"power"dynamics"among"its"partners"complicate"cooperation."Furthermore，"the"diminishing"power"asymmetry"between"China"and"the"United"States"limits"the"U.S."capacity"to"sustain"a"new"“Cold"War.”"These"multifaceted"constraints"suggest"that"the"long-term"viability"of"the"current"U.S."strategy"toward"China"is"increasingly"uncertain.

Keywords："China-U.S."relations，"strategic"competition，"technological"competition，"U.S."policy"toward"China

Trump’s"Global"Governance"Propositions"for"His"Second"Term"and"Their"Impact

WANG"Mingguo

Abstract："Trump’s"reelection"will"seriously"constrain"the"process"of"reforming"the"global"governance"system."In"his"second"term，"Trump"may"adhere"to"the"basic"governance"principles"of"“internal"adjustment"and"external"contraction，”"advocate"“America"First”"and"“Make"America"Great"Again，”"replace"inclusiveness"with"exclusivity，"negotiation"with"toughness，"multilateralism"with"unilateralism，"and"value"output"with"interest"exchange."He"is"inclined"tonbsp;take"more"risky"and"isolationist"actions"in"global"governance，"and"his"shock"wave"will"be"greater"than"his"first"term."The"global"governance"system"is"facing"another"stress"test，"and"the"complexity"and"uncertainty"of"global"governance"have"significantly"increased."Trump"administration’s"global"governance"policy"is"determined"by"more"fundamental"internal"and"external"driving"factors，"namely，"conservatism，"localization"transformation"of"domestic"politics"in"the"United"States，"as"well"as"the"collective"rise"of"the"global"South."For"global"governance"research，"Trump’s"return"indicates"that"populism"is"not"a"temporary"phenomenon"but"a"continuous"process，"reflecting"the"overall"stance"of"the"United"States"on"global"governance"shifting"from"so-called"rules，"responsibility，"and"cooperation"to"interests，"strength，"and"competition，"which"will"bring"many"significant"changes"to"global"governance."Faced"with"the"challenges"brought"by"Trump’s"second"term，"China"needs"to"adhere"to"true"multilateralism，"enhance"global"governance"consensus，"deepen"global"governance"system"reform，"and"strengthen"global"governance"through"unity"and"cooperation.

Keywords："Trump"2.0，"global"governance，"China-U.S."relations，"international"institutions

U.S."Foreign"Investment"Security"Review："History，"Development，"and"Impact"on"China

ZHAO"Beiwen"and"LIU"Jingyi

Abstract："The"evolution"of"U.S."foreign"investment"security"review"can"be"divided"into"four"stages："the"embryonic"stage"of"the"foreign"investment"security"review，"the"review"stage"focusing"on"export"restrictions，"the"stage"when"the"review"content"shifts"from"exports"to"investment，"and"the"stage"when"the"review"frequency"increases"and"the"scope"of"restrictions"expands."At"present，"U.S."security"review"is"characterized"by"the"expansion"of"the"scope"of"foreign"investment"scrutiny，"the"strengthening"of"the"review"of"fields，"the"direct"correlation"between"foreign"investment"review"and"foreign"trade"review，"the"extension"ofnbsp;the"statutory"time"limit"for"review，"the"differential"treatment"of"different"countries，"and"the"normalization"of"differential"review"on"China."In"Trump’s"second"term，"there"will"be"new"changes"and"trends"in"the"security"review"of"foreign"investment"in"China."With"the"changes"in"the"China-U.S."strategic"game，"the"security"review"of"foreign"investment"in"China"by"the"United"States"will"have"a"complex"impact"on"the"politics，"economy，"and"diplomacy"of"the"two"countries."The"superimposed"effect"will"lead"to"not"only"the"shrink"in"the"scale"of"China’s"direct"investment"in"the"United"States"but"also"the"increase"in"the"uncertainty"risk"of"it."Taking"this"into"consideration，"it"is"suggested"that"China"should"adhere"to"the"principle"of"reciprocity，"set"up"specialized"institutions，"conduct"specialized"legislation，"strengthen"due"diligence"and"training，"enhance"the"review"of"“important"infrastructure”"mergers"and"acquisitions，"as"well"as"the"foreign"mergers"and"acquisitions"that"“have"an"impact"on"the"stable"operation"of"the"national"economy.”

Keywords："foreign"investment，"security"review，"great"power"politics，"China

How"to"Achieve"Arms"Control"in"Outer"Space："From"the"Perspective"of"Strategic"Stability

XU"Nengwu，"GAO"Yangyuxi，"and"SI"Menghan

Abstract："Currently，"countries"are"becoming"increasingly"reliant"on"outer"space"systems."However，"the"inherent"vulnerabilities"of"these"systems"create"a"notable"“capability-vulnerability"paradox”"in"their"military"utilization."Certain"countries，"aiming"to"exploit"the"strategic"potential"of"space"systems，"are"accelerating"the"weaponization"of"outer"space"to"pursue"absolute"military"superiority"and"maintain"their"global"hegemony."In"response"to"the"threats"posed"by"space"weaponization"and"arms"races，"other"spacefaring"countries"will"inevitably"leverage"the"vulnerabilities"of"space"systems"to"develop"asymmetric"countermeasures."As"space"confrontations"escalate，"crisis"stability"in"outer"space"will"continue"to"deteriorate，"ultimately"jeopardizing"the"shared"interests"of"human"beings"in"space."Therefore，"the"most"rational"choice"for"all"countries"lies"in"implementing"space"arms"control."From"the"perspective"of"current"practices，"space"arms"control，"which"is"based"on"maintaining"strategic"stability，"should"strengthen"international"coordination"in"order"to"advance"the"goal"of"preventing"the"weaponization"of"outer"space"and"arms"races，"while"countries"accelerate"their"capabilities"for"the"peaceful"use"of"outer"space.

Keywords："outer"space"arms"control，"space"weaponization，"arms"race，"asymmetric"balance，"strategic"stability

The"Impact"of"the"U.S."AI"Militarization"on"China-U.S."Strategic"Stability

DING"Yi"and"JIANG"Tianjiao

Abstract："Against"the"backdrop"of"the"global"wave"of"artificial"intelligence"（AI）"and"the"escalating"strategic"competition"between"China"and"the"United"States，"Washington"has"been"aggressively"advancing"the"integration"of"AI"into"its"military"arsenal，"and"allowed"it"to"extend"from"the"field"of"conventional"weapons"to"the"field"of"nuclear"weapons"in"order"to"maintain"its"military"superiority"and"hegemony"in"the"world."However，"this"move"could"pose"a"severe"challenge"to"China-U.S."strategic"stability."From"the"perspective"of"crisis"stability，"AI"militarization"could"provoke"preemptive"nuclear"strikes"and"crisis"escalation，"thereby"increasing"the"risk"of"a"nuclear"war"between"China"and"the"United"States."From"the"perspective"of"arms"race"stability，"AI"militarization"could"trigger"an"AI"arms"race，"increase"the"difficulty"of"technical"control，"and"increase"the"opacity"of"military"capabilities，"which"would"be"detrimental"to"global"security"and"stability."To"address"this"complex"situation，"China"must"enhance"its"intelligence"warfare"capabilities"to"defend"national"security"effectively"when"necessary."At"the"same"time，"China"should"promote"the"establishment"of"a"global"governance"framework"for"AI"military"technologies"and"the"creation"of"a"code"of"conduct"for"the"international"community."Furthermore，"China"and"the"United"States"should"work"to"expand"the"space"for"cooperation"in"AI"militarization"and"seek"common"ground"and"a"balanced"approach.

Keywords："armament，"artificial"intelligence，"great"power"competition，"crisis"stability，"arms"race

Homogeneity"and"Difference："The"Production"Logic"of"Arctic"Institutional"Space

GUO"Peiqing"and"LI"Wenjun

Abstract："With"the"spillover"effects"of"the"Ukraine"crisis，"the"notion"of"“Arctic"exceptionalism”"has"gradually"diminished，"and"the"issue"of"space"justice"in"the"Arctic"has"come"to"the"forefront."From"the"perspective"of"spatial"dialectics，"and"by"moving"away"from"linear"thinking，"homogeneity"and"difference"form"the"tension"at"the"core"of"Arctic"institutional"space"construction."Arctic"nations，"through"the"establishment"of"property"rights"models"and"the"exercise"of"international"institutional"discourse"power，"have"sought"to"shape"the"Arctic’s"spatial"form"into"a"progression"of"“homogenization-fragmentation-hierarchy.”"However，"the"catalytic"impact"of"the"Ukraine"crisis"has"helped"to"release"the"spatial"deconstructive"forces"previously"suppressed"by"homogeneity，"leading"to"a"present"Arctic"institutional"space"characterized"by"postmodern，"pluralistic"traits—marked"by"the"absence"of"a"meta-narrative"and"ongoing"competition"and"cooperation"among"mechanisms."In"terms"of"intervention，nbsp;NATO’s"actions"have"brought"about"an"irrational"deconstruction"of"Arctic"space，"while"the"EU"has"shifted"from"a"neutral"participant"to"a"more"active"role"in"Arctic"affairs."The"BRICS"cooperation"mechanism，"symbolizing"the"rise"of"new"progressive"forces，"represents"an"emerging"influence."At"present，"the"Arctic"institutional"space"remains"largely"dominated"by"homogeneity，"but"the"increasing"role"of"emerging"and"progressive"forces，"such"as"BRICS，"cannot"be"ignored."In"light"of"the"absence"of"a"clear"Arctic"meta-narrative，"the"concept"of"“a"community"with"a"shared"future"for"mankind”"should"emerge"as"a"key"narrative"for"addressing"Arctic"challenges"and"overcoming"the"current"dilemmas.

Keywords："Arctic"space"construction，"Monroe"Doctrine，"postmodern"thought，"a"community"with"a"shared"future"for"mankind

Differentiated"Strategies"of"the"United"States"to"Strengthen"Security"Cooperation"in"the"Arctic

KUANG"Zengjun"and"JIANG"Jiewei

Abstract："The"U.S."differentiated"strategy"is"a"long-term"approach"to"sharing"security"costs"and"risks"with"Arctic"allies，"given"the"limitations"on"U.S."strategic"resources"allocated"to"the"region."Since"the"Obama"administration，"the"United"States"has"gradually"enhanced"its"strategic"understanding"of"the"Arctic"and"increasingly"broadened"the"concept"of"“Arctic"security.”"However，"due"to"insufficient"coordination"among"domestic"agencies，"U.S."Arctic"strategy"has"long"lacked"concrete"execution"plans，"resulting"in"a"development"trajectory"that"lags"behind"Russia."As"new"issues"innbsp;Arctic"security"cooperation"emerge，"the"United"States"must"sustain"collaboration"with"its"Arctic"allies"to"retain"influence"over"regional"security"matters."Yet，"with"limited"strategic"resources，"Washington"is"compelled"to"prioritize"its"allies’"concerns"in"Arctic"security"in"exchange"for"their"cooperation."As"“Arctic"security”"expands"beyond"military"considerations"to"include"economic"and"climate"issues，"these"areas"are"becoming"increasingly"shaped"by"great"power"competition"and"geopolitical"dynamics."This"shift"impedes"the"establishment"of"basic"mutual"trust"in"previously"low-sensitivity"cooperation"conducted"through"bilateral"and"multilateral"frameworks."The"intensifying"rivalry"between"great"powers"thus"complicates"the"pursuit"of"peaceful"and"sustainable"governance"in"the"Arctic.

Keywords："Arctic"security"cooperation，"Arctic"governance，"U.S."Arctic"policy，"differentiated"strategy

Common"Goals"and"Divergent"Approaches："A"Comparative"Analysis"of"China-Africa"and"EU-Africa"Cooperation"on"Energy"Transformation

YAO"Le

Abstract："As"global"and"regional"strategic"competition"intensifies，"Africa"has"emerged"as"a"new"front"in"the"geopolitical"and"economic"rivalry"among"major"powers."The"international"cooperation"surrounding"energy"transformation"in"Africa"is"increasingly"vulnerable"to"geopolitical"risks."As"key"development"partners"of"Africa，"both"China"and"the"European"Union"regard"energy"transformation"as"a"central"pillar"of"their"cooperation."To"understand"the"similarities"and"differences"in"China-Africa"and"EU-Africa"cooperation"from"both"macro"and"micro"perspectives，"it"is"necessary"to"conduct"a"comprehensive"comparative"study，"focusing"on"cooperation"objectives，"motivations，"implementation"pathways，"funding"allocation，"and"cooperation"models."Both"China"and"the"EU"share"overarching"goals"for"Africa’s"energy"transformation;"however，"they"diverge"significantly"in"their"specific"plans."Driven"by"the"principles"of"common"development，"China"advocates"for"a"just"transition"path，"reflecting"an"altruistic"approach"to"funding"distribution."In"contrast，"the"EU，"influenced"by"geopolitical"concerns，"pursues"a"more"radical"transition"strategy，"prioritizes"its"interests"in"funding"allocation，"and"implements"a"highly"market-oriented"cooperation"model."These"similarities"and"differences"are"fundamentally"shaped"by"the"distinct"identities，"diplomatic"ideologies，"and"national"interest"perceptions"of"China"and"the"EU."As"a"result，"China"and"the"EU"will"likely"remain"in"a"complex"and"evolving"state"of"competition"and"cooperation"in"Africa’s"energy"transformation"sector.

Keywords："China-Africa"relations，"EU-Africa"relations，"energy"transformation"cooperation，"geopolitics