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急性出血壞死性胰腺炎大鼠腸道黏膜屏障功能變化及己酮可可堿對(duì)其的保護(hù)作用

2011-11-21 10:47王慶剛雷若慶許志偉李紅昌韓天權(quán)張圣道
中華胰腺病雜志 2011年2期
關(guān)鍵詞:淀粉酶屏障乳酸

王慶剛 雷若慶 許志偉 李紅昌 韓天權(quán) 張圣道

·論著·

急性出血壞死性胰腺炎大鼠腸道黏膜屏障功能變化及己酮可可堿對(duì)其的保護(hù)作用

王慶剛 雷若慶 許志偉 李紅昌 韓天權(quán) 張圣道

目的研究急性壞死性胰腺炎(ANP)大鼠腸道屏障功能改變及己酮可可堿(pentoxifylline,PTX)對(duì)腸道屏障的保護(hù)作用。方法54只SD雄性大鼠按數(shù)字表法隨機(jī)分為ANP組、PTX組和假手術(shù)組。采用逆行胰膽管注射5%?;悄懰徕c建立ANP模型。假手術(shù)組只翻動(dòng)十二指腸。PTX組在制模后經(jīng)陰莖靜脈注射PTX 25 mg/kg體重。術(shù)后3、6、24 h分批處死大鼠。取血測(cè)淀粉酶、D-乳酸及TNF-α含量,取胰腺及末端回腸常規(guī)行病理學(xué)檢查,免疫組化法檢測(cè)回腸黏膜上皮緊密連接蛋白ZO-1的表達(dá)。結(jié)果建模后6 h,ANP組血清淀粉酶、TNF-α、D-乳酸含量分別為(9141±672)U/L、(347.96±79.47)pg/ml 和(10.21±1.08) mg/L,顯著高于假手術(shù)組的(1723±57)U/L、(134.09±31.36)pg/ml和(4.33±0.49)mg/L(P值均<0.01) ;PTX組血淀粉酶、TNF-α、D-乳酸分別為(7965±318)U/L、(238.48±44.35)pg/ml和(8.75±1.28) mg/L,較ANP組顯著降低,但仍顯著高于假手術(shù)組(P<0.05或<0.01)。假手術(shù)組大鼠腸黏膜上皮ZO-1陽(yáng)性率為(3.29±0.36)%;ANP組為(1.91±0.32)%,較假手術(shù)組明顯減少(P<0.05);PTX組為(2.53±0.43)%,較假手術(shù)組減少,但較ANP組明顯增加(P<0.05)。結(jié)論P(yáng)TX可減輕ANP大鼠腸黏膜屏障功能的損傷,其機(jī)制可能是通過減少腸黏膜上皮ZO-1的降解。

胰腺炎,急性壞死性; 連接蛋白類; 己酮可可堿; 腸道屏障

重癥急性胰腺炎(SAP)時(shí)腸道黏膜屏障在全身炎癥反應(yīng)綜合征的形成過程中起到重要作用[1]。己酮可可堿(pentoxifylline,PTX)是一種非特異性磷酸二酯酶抑制劑,臨床上作為血管擴(kuò)張劑用于治療周圍血管疾病,同時(shí)用于改善微循環(huán)及缺血組織的氧供應(yīng)[2]。近年研究發(fā)現(xiàn),PTX能夠調(diào)節(jié)炎癥反應(yīng),降低腸道促炎癥因子的合成[3-4]。本研究應(yīng)用PTX干預(yù)急性壞死性胰腺炎大鼠,觀察其對(duì)腸道黏膜屏障的保護(hù)作用。

材料與方法

一、動(dòng)物分組及模型制作

54只健康雄性SD大鼠,體重200~250 g,SPF級(jí),由瑞金醫(yī)院實(shí)驗(yàn)動(dòng)物中心提供。按數(shù)字表法隨機(jī)分為ANP組、PTX組和假手術(shù)組,各18只。采用逆行胰膽管注射5%?;悄懰徕c(Sigma公司)建立ANP模型。假手術(shù)組只翻動(dòng)十二指腸后關(guān)腹。PTX組于制模后經(jīng)陰莖靜脈注射PTX 25 mg/kg體重,ANP組及假手術(shù)組注射等容積生理鹽水。術(shù)后3、6、24 h分批處死每組大鼠各6只。腹主動(dòng)脈取血,離心取血清,-80℃保存;取胰腺組織置4%多聚甲醛中固定;留取兩段末端回腸,一段置-80℃保存,另一段于4%多聚甲醛中固定。

二、檢測(cè)項(xiàng)目及方法

1.血淀粉酶、D-乳酸測(cè)定:淀粉酶由Beckmancoulter SYNCHRON CX4 PRO全自動(dòng)生化儀檢測(cè)。D-乳酸采用改良的酶學(xué)分光光度法測(cè)定[5]。

2.胰腺及末端回腸組織病理學(xué)檢查:取甲醛固定的胰腺及回腸組織,常規(guī)石蠟包埋、切片、HE染色,由病理科醫(yī)師閱片。

3.血清及回腸組織TNF-α濃度檢測(cè):回腸組織按每克加入5 ml PBS制成組織勻漿。TNF-α濃度采用ELISA法檢測(cè)。

4.緊密連接蛋白ZO-1檢測(cè):取24 h處死大鼠的末端回腸組織,采用常規(guī)免疫組化SP法檢測(cè)腸黏膜ZO-1蛋白表達(dá)。每張切片于光學(xué)顯微鏡下觀察3個(gè)視野,應(yīng)用Image-Pro Plus圖片處理軟件(Media Cybernetics公司)計(jì)算陽(yáng)性表達(dá)百分率。

三、統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法

結(jié) 果

一、血淀粉酶、D-乳酸及TNF-α含量變化

ANP組大鼠血清淀粉酶、D-乳酸及TNF-α含量均較假手術(shù)組明顯升高(P值均<0.01)。PTX組大鼠血淀粉酶、D-乳酸及TNF-α含量較ANP組明顯降低,但仍較假手術(shù)組高(P<0.05或<0.01,表1)。

二、腸道組織TNF-α含量變化

ANP組大鼠腸道組織TNF-α含量較假手術(shù)組明顯升高(P<0.01),而PTX組較ANP組明顯下降,但仍較假手術(shù)組高(P值均<0.01,表1)。

表1 各組大鼠血淀粉酶、D-乳酸、TNF-α含量及回腸組織TNF-α含量的變化

注:與假手術(shù)組比較,aP<0.01;與ANP組比較,bP<0.05,cP<0.01

三、胰腺及腸道組織的病理變化

假手術(shù)組大鼠胰腺組織結(jié)構(gòu)完整;ANP組大鼠胰腺小葉結(jié)構(gòu)模糊,呈片狀壞死,間質(zhì)內(nèi)出血和大量炎細(xì)胞浸潤(rùn);PTX組胰腺水腫,點(diǎn)片狀壞死,較ANP組病理?yè)p傷明顯減輕(圖1上)。

假手術(shù)組大鼠回腸黏膜絨毛完整,排列整齊;ANP組回腸黏膜絨毛的完整性被破壞,部分固有層潰瘍出血;PTX組回腸組織損傷較輕,僅表現(xiàn)為絨毛變短、變鈍,絨毛結(jié)構(gòu)完整(圖1下)。

圖1假手術(shù)組(左列)、ANP組(中列)、PTX組(右列)胰腺(上)及末端回腸(下)的病理學(xué)變化(HE ×100)

四、腸道黏膜上皮ZO-1蛋白表達(dá)的變化

腸道黏膜上皮ZO-1蛋白主要位于上皮細(xì)胞的邊緣、細(xì)胞膜頂端,沿絨毛下方均勻連續(xù)分布,表達(dá)呈棕褐色。假手術(shù)組大鼠腸黏膜上皮染色較強(qiáng),陽(yáng)性表達(dá)率為(3.29±0.36)%;ANP組大鼠腸黏膜上皮染色較淺,分布不均,陽(yáng)性表達(dá)率為(1.91±0.32)%(P<0.05);PTX組大鼠ZO-1陽(yáng)性表達(dá)率為(2.53±0.43)%,較假手術(shù)組減少,但較ANP組有明顯增加(P<0.05,圖2)。

圖2假手術(shù)組(a)、ANP組(b)、PTX組(c)腸道上皮緊密連接蛋白ZO-1的表達(dá)(免疫組化 ×100)

討 論

腸道是人體的一個(gè)重要免疫器官,大約60%的T細(xì)胞位于小腸,同時(shí)腸道內(nèi)也存在著大量的細(xì)菌及其產(chǎn)生的內(nèi)毒素。生理情況下,機(jī)體憑借完整的腸黏膜屏障可以阻止這些細(xì)菌及內(nèi)毒素進(jìn)入體內(nèi)。SAP早期往往伴有腸黏膜屏障損傷,上皮通透性增加,細(xì)菌及內(nèi)毒素易位,從而加重急性胰腺炎病情[6]。

腸道黏膜上皮的通透性主要受腸道上皮細(xì)胞頂端的緊密連接控制,緊密連接蛋白ZO-1起著重要作用[7]。本實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果顯示,ANP大鼠腸黏膜上皮ZO-1蛋白表達(dá)較假手術(shù)組明顯減少,而血清D-乳酸濃度較假手術(shù)組明顯升高。說明ANP大鼠出現(xiàn)腸道屏障功能障礙。PTX組腸黏膜上皮ZO-1表達(dá)較ANP組明顯改善,血D-乳酸濃度明顯降低,說明PTX能夠減輕ANP大鼠的腸黏膜損傷。

PTX能夠調(diào)節(jié)炎癥反應(yīng),降低促炎癥因子的合成。TNF-α是一種促炎癥介質(zhì),參與全身炎癥反應(yīng)綜合征的發(fā)生,并且能夠加速ZO-1的降解[8]。本結(jié)果顯示,PTX組大鼠血清及腸道組織TNF-α濃度較ANP組顯著降低,提示PTX降低血及腸道組織TNF-α濃度是其保護(hù)腸黏膜屏障的機(jī)制之一。

[1] Moore FA.The role of the gastrointestinal tract in postinjury multiple organfailure.Am J Surg,1999,178:449-453.

[2] 付玉民,王倩.己酮可可堿的藥理研究及臨床應(yīng)用.醫(yī)學(xué)綜述,2001,7:509-510.

[3] Deree J,de Campos T,Shenvi E,et al.Hypertonic saline and pentoxifylline attenuates gut injury after hemorrhagic shock:the kinder,gentler resuscitation.J Trauma,2007,62:818-828.

[4] Coimbra R,Melbostad H,Loomis W,et al.Phosphodiesterase inhibition decreases nuclear factor-kappaB activation and shifts the cytokine response toward anti-inflammatory activity in acute endotoxemia.J Trauma,2005,59:575-582.

[5] 張家平,黃躍生,楊宗城.燒傷延遲復(fù)蘇加重腸黏膜屏障功能損害的機(jī)制研究.世界華人消化雜志,2004,12:1329-1332.

[6] Ryan CM,Schmidt J,Lewandrowski K,et al.Gut macromolecular permeability in pancreatitis correlates with severity of disease in rats.Gastroenterology,1993,104:890-895.

[7] Fanning AS,Jameson BJ,Jesaitis LA,et al.The tight junction protein ZO-1 establishes a link between the transmembrane protein occludin and the actin cytoskeleton.J Biol Chem,1998,273:29745-29753.

[8] Poritz LS,Garver KI,Green C,et al.Loss of the tight junction protein ZO-1 in dextran sulfate sodium induced colitis.J Surg Res,2007,140:12-19.

2010-09-16)

(本文編輯:呂芳萍)

Changeofintestinalbarrierfunctioninacutenecrotizingpancreatitis(ANP)ratsandpentoxifylline′sprotectiveeffects

WANGQing-gang,LEIRuo-qing,XUZhi-wei,LIHong-chang,HANTian-quan,ZHANGSheng-dao.

DepartmentofSurgery,RuijinHospital,MedicineSchool,ShanghaiJiaotongUniversity,Shanghai20025,China

LEIRuo-qing,Email:ruoqinglei@yahoo.com.cn

ObjectiveTo investigate the change of intestinal barrier function and the protection of pentoxifylline (PTX) to intestinal barrier.MethodsFifty-four SD male rats were randomly divided into 3 groups, including sham operation group, ANP group, PTX group. ANP rat model were induced by retrograde injection of 5% sodium taurocholate into pancreatic and bile duct. Rats in sham operation group underwent operation without injection of taurocholate. After ANP induction, the rats in PTX group

PTX at a dose of 25 mg/kg weight via penis vein. The rats were sacrificed 3, 6, 24 h after operation, the serum levels of amylase, D-lactic acid, TNF-α were determined. The pancreas tissue and terminal ileum were harvested for pathological examination; ZO-1 levels of ileum epithelial tight junction were analyzed by immunohistochemistry.ResultsSix hours after induction, the serum levels of amylase, TNF-α, D-lactic acid in ANP group were (9141±672)U/L,(347.96±79.47)pg/ml and (10.21±1.08)mg/L, which were significantly higher than those in sham operation group [(1723±57)U/L, (134.09±31.36)pg/ml and (4.33±0.49)mg/L,P<0.01]. The serum levels of amylase, TNF-α, D-lactic acid in PTX group were (7965±318)U/L, (238.48±44.35)pg/ml and (8.75±1.28)mg/L, which were significantly lower than those in ANP group, but they were significantly higher than those in fsham group (P<0.05 or <0.01). The positive rate of ZO-1 was (3.29±0.36)% in sham operation group, and it was (1.91±0.32)% in ANP group, which was significantly lower than that in sham operation group (P<0.05); and the value was (2.53±0.43)% in PTX group, which was lower than that in sham group, but it was higher than that in ANP group (P<0.05).ConclusionsPTX may attenuate intestinal barrier function injury by decreasing the breakdown of intestinal ZO-1.

Pancreatitis,acute necrotizing; Connexins; Pentoxifylline; Enteval barrier

10.3760/cma.j.issn.1674-1935.2011.02.013

上海市重點(diǎn)學(xué)科——外科學(xué)(S30204)

200025 上海,上海交通大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)院附屬瑞金醫(yī)院膽胰外科

雷若慶,Email:ruoqinglei@yahoo.com.cn

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