林麗瓊
摘 要: 2013年福建高考英語完形填空是一篇記敘文??傮w來說,著重考查了考生在理解上下文的基礎(chǔ)上綜合運(yùn)用詞匯的能力。這不僅要求考生具有扎實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí),還要求考生具有分析判斷、辨析取舍及邏輯推理、靈活處理問題的能力。
關(guān)鍵詞: 高考英語完形填空 試題策略 解題策略
2013年福建高考英語完形填空是一篇記敘文,講述了“我”和孫女到故鄉(xiāng)的“尋根覓源”之旅,一起回到了“我”曾經(jīng)住過的家,在已破舊不堪的房子前,“我”思緒萬千,想起了曾經(jīng)在這里生活的點(diǎn)點(diǎn)滴滴,找到了“家”的感覺。故事告訴我們要?;丶覉@,提醒人們不能忘本。既要求學(xué)生樹立正確的人生觀和價(jià)值觀,又考查知識(shí)掌握情況,體現(xiàn)了高中課程改革的精神。
總體說來,2013年福建高考英語完形填空文知識(shí)點(diǎn)分布合理科學(xué),著重考查了考生在理解上下文的基礎(chǔ)上綜合運(yùn)用詞匯的能力。選項(xiàng)設(shè)置以實(shí)詞為主,虛詞為輔,突出了對(duì)詞匯語境化考查的特點(diǎn),不僅要求考生具有扎實(shí)的基礎(chǔ)知識(shí),還要求考生具有分析判斷、辨析取舍及邏輯推理、靈活處理問題的能力。下面筆者按點(diǎn)·線·面的結(jié)合的方法,結(jié)合2013年福建高考英語完形填空談?wù)勛约旱目捶ā?/p>
一、點(diǎn)、線、面
(一)點(diǎn)。從空格所在的句子單獨(dú)考慮。有些答案,只要孤立地分析其所在句子的結(jié)構(gòu)、語法,便能找到正確答案。如:
We cannot go into the house, but I can still walk 46 the rooms in memory.
46. A. across B. through C. along D. past
析:我們不能進(jìn)入房子,但我仍可在記憶里穿過房子,walk through“穿過,走過”,through強(qiáng)調(diào)“通過空間”。
I could never have enough of being 49 them.
49. A. between B. with C. near D. behind
析:根據(jù)詞匯的意義和用法辨析及生活常識(shí)推斷,當(dāng)年的我和他們待在一起從不覺得厭煩。have enough of“(對(duì)某人或某事)感到厭煩”,be with sb“與某人一起”。
To be rooted is “to have an origin”. We need 54 origin.
54. A. one B. its C. that D. every
析:根據(jù)空前的 “ have an origin” 可知,用that (origin)表特指。
(二)線。從空格所在的前后幾個(gè)句子考慮。有些空格的答案,只有連續(xù)看懂幾個(gè)句子后,根據(jù)上下文語境才能準(zhǔn)確作出判斷。如:
We have been driving in fog all morning, but the fog is lifting now. The little seaside villages are 36 , one by one. “There is my grandmothers house,” I say, 37 across the bay to a shabby old house.
36. A. appearing B. moving C. exposing D. expanding
37. A. referring B. travelling C. pointing D. coming
析:根據(jù)前一句the fog is lifting now的語境, 霧lifting(散去),于是海濱小村莊一個(gè)接一個(gè)地出現(xiàn)(appearing)在視野中。
根據(jù)句內(nèi)及下文的語境,across the bay(越過海灣),說明“我”邊指著海灣另一邊的破舊的老房子邊介紹,There is my grandmothers house。point to(指向)也是個(gè)固定詞組。
Lise was one of the mobile children, 39 from house to house in childhood. She longs for a sense of 40 , and so we have come to Nova Scotia where my husband and I were born and where our ancestors 41 for 200 years.
39. A. passed B. raised C. moved D. sent
40. A. home B. duty C. reality D. relief
41. A. built B. lived C. remained D. explored
析:根據(jù)前一句可知Lise小時(shí)候是個(gè)流動(dòng)兒童(mobile children),還有39空后的from house to house可以判斷,Lise童年經(jīng)常從一個(gè)家搬到(moved) 另一個(gè)家,因此推斷Lise 渴望家(home)的感覺。
聯(lián)系上文we have come to Nova Scotia where my husband and I were born,我們知道Nova Scotia是“我”和丈夫出生的地方,也是祖輩們生活(lived)過的地方。
We soon 42 by the house and I tell her what it was like here, the memories 43 back, swift as the tide (潮水).
42. A. catch up B. pull up C. step down D. come down
43. A. falling B. turning C. rushing D. bringing
析:根據(jù)開頭We have been driving in fog all morning可知, 我們很快把車停在(pull up)房子旁。聯(lián)系43空后的“swift as the tide”可知,用rushing(涌現(xiàn))最合適,表示“記憶如潮水般快速涌回腦?!?。
Suddenly, I long to walk again in the 44 where I was once so gloriously a child. It still 45 a member of the family, but has not been lived in for a while.
44. A. yard B. village C. room D. house
45. A. adapts to B. appeals to C. belongs to D. occurs to
析:根據(jù)42空后by the house,聯(lián)系下文go into the house,可推知“我”想再次在“我”兒時(shí)感到自豪的房子(house)走一走。從45空后a member of the family可知,房子和家人構(gòu)成所屬關(guān)系,故用belongs to。
Here,my mother 47 in her bedroom window and wrote in her diary.
47. A. lay B. played C. stood D. sat
析:根據(jù)空后wrote in her diary及常識(shí)可知,母親當(dāng)時(shí)是坐在(sat)臥室的窗旁寫日記。
I can still see the enthusiastic family 48 into and out of the house.
48. A. marching B. looking C. breaking D. pouring
析:根據(jù)上下文可知,此處仍是描寫作者的回憶,即“我仍然能夠回想起當(dāng)時(shí)熱情的家人進(jìn)進(jìn)出出的情景”,pour into and out of表示“涌進(jìn)涌出”,引申為“進(jìn)進(jìn)出出”,形象生動(dòng)地描繪出擁擠而又熱鬧的場(chǎng)面。
Lise 50 attentively as I talk and then says, “ So this is where I 51 (began) ; where I belong. ”
50. A. wonders B. listens C. reacts D. agrees
析:根據(jù)后文I talk對(duì)應(yīng)可知Lise在專注地聽(listens)。
(三)面。從整個(gè)段落、整篇文章考慮。有些答案,是在“點(diǎn)、線”的基礎(chǔ)上,通過語篇的整體理解、邏輯分析、合理推斷方能確定正確答案。如:
I am in Nova Scotia on a pilgrimage (朝圣) with Lise, my granddaughter, seeking roots for her, retracing (追溯) 38 memory for me.
38. A. shared B. short C. fresh D. treasured
析:文章開頭提到“我”驅(qū)車(driving)來到故鄉(xiāng)及后文描述“我”對(duì)故鄉(xiāng)的種種回憶,可知“我”來故鄉(xiāng)追溯過去珍貴(treasured)的記憶。
Lise 50 (listens) attentively as I talk and then says, “ So this is where I 51; where I belong. ” She has 52 her roots. To know where I come from is one of the great longings of the human 53 .
51. A. began B. grew C. studied D. stayed
52. A. deepened B. recognized C. accepted D. found
53. A. heart B. rights C. interest D. behaviors
析:本文講述了“我”和孫女到故鄉(xiāng)的“尋根覓源”之旅,且文中多次提到roots, house等字眼,結(jié)合38空前seeking roots for her,故51空強(qiáng)調(diào)Lise意識(shí)到這里是她生命開始(began)的地方,她終于找到(found)了自己的根。從“我”和孫女驅(qū)車(driving)來到故鄉(xiāng)尋根這事,說明“知道我來自哪”是human heart(人類內(nèi)心)的巨大的渴望之一。
Looking backward, we discover what is unique in us; learn the 55 of “I”. We must all go home again-in reality or memory.
55. A. meaning B. expression C. connection D. background
析:縱覽全文可知,“我”通過記敘與孫女一起“尋根覓源”的朝圣經(jīng)歷來證明:知道自己是誰,知道自己來自哪里,而后我們才能領(lǐng)悟自己身上獨(dú)特的東西,真正理解“I”這個(gè)詞所蘊(yùn)含的深層“意義(meaning)”,這也是作者的寫作意圖。
二、考生存在的問題
(一)只重視點(diǎn),做不到點(diǎn)線面的結(jié)合,缺乏詞匯辨析和綜合運(yùn)用能力。
(二)不能做到身臨其境,缺乏對(duì)整體文意把握的能力,只見木不見林。
(三)做題急躁,只顧填空,不管完形,沒能做到“先完意,后完形”。
三、考生做完形填空題可采用的策略
(一)通覽全文, 把整體。完形填空的材料雖挖去數(shù)個(gè)詞,造成信息的中斷,但其詞語之間、句子之間、段落之間均體現(xiàn)整體性與連貫性原則。從全文看,大多數(shù)題需要逾越句子層次來選擇答案,充分體現(xiàn)了“突出語篇,強(qiáng)調(diào)運(yùn)用”的命題思想。因此,考生在做題時(shí)要先通覽全文、領(lǐng)會(huì)大意,不能停留在局部,應(yīng)以整體把握為原則,答案的選擇更多地依賴段落之間、情節(jié)之間或更大范圍內(nèi)的邏輯關(guān)系來確定。
(二)研讀首尾,抓主題。完形填空題首句一般不設(shè)題,這就為我們理解文章的內(nèi)在聯(lián)系提供了一個(gè)“窗口”, 而尾句往往是文章的總結(jié)、結(jié)論或點(diǎn)睛之筆,所以抓住開篇啟示作用的首句和總結(jié)概括性的尾句是必要的,正確的做法是:重視短文的開首句、結(jié)尾句的啟示,展開合理的聯(lián)想、推斷,在此基礎(chǔ)上整合文意,抓住文章的主題。
(三)上下聯(lián)系,尋信息。文章中句與句之間、段與段之間緊密相連、渾然一體。因此,完形填空中經(jīng)常會(huì)出現(xiàn)前面的信息為后面的空白提供暗示,而后面的信息有可能是前面空白的答案的情況。這時(shí),考生切不可死盯住空白不放,而要上下求索,瞻前顧后,借助上下文乃至全文的語境啟示,運(yùn)用邏輯推理,尋求正確答案。
(四)緊扣文意,辨詞義。詞不離句,句不離篇??忌鐾晷翁羁諘r(shí)必須從句子的語境出發(fā),緊扣文章的中心、上下文的意思,確定空白處的意思,選出合乎語境的單詞。
(五)回讀檢查,補(bǔ)漏洞。做完之后,再用兩三分鐘的時(shí)間將全文聯(lián)系起來進(jìn)行回讀,查看所填單詞或短語是否跟語境相符,是否與邏輯相悖。這樣,通過查漏補(bǔ)缺,使答案萬無一失, 提高得分。