郭宏興+高珂+陳曦+鄧慶文+唐蓉暉+鄧瑞華
[摘要] 目的 探討蘭索拉唑?qū)?jīng)皮內(nèi)鏡下胃造瘺術(shù)(PEG)并發(fā)癥的防治作用。 方法 選擇我院收治的鼻咽癌患者90例,分為對照組、1周治療組和2周治療組,每組30例,對照組行PEG腸內(nèi)營養(yǎng),1周治療組和2周治療組行PEG腸內(nèi)營養(yǎng)后分別予蘭索拉唑治療1周和2周,分析4周后三組患者的營養(yǎng)指標(biāo)和并發(fā)癥的發(fā)生情況。 結(jié)果 術(shù)后三組患者營養(yǎng)指標(biāo)較術(shù)前明顯改善(P<0.01),治療組患者并發(fā)癥的發(fā)生率顯著低于對照組(P<0.01),1周治療組及2周治療組患者的并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率無明顯差異(P>0.05)。結(jié)論PEG能改善患者的營養(yǎng)情況,術(shù)后使用蘭索拉唑1周,能降低并發(fā)癥的發(fā)生。
[關(guān)鍵詞] 經(jīng)皮內(nèi)鏡下胃造瘺術(shù);蘭索拉唑;并發(fā)癥
[中圖分類號] R730.5 [文獻標(biāo)識碼] B [文章編號] 1673-9701(2014)02-0051-03
Clinical study on lansoprazole for percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy complications prevention and treatment.
GUO Hongxing1 GAO Ke1 CHEN Xi2 DENG Qingwen1 TANG Ronghui1 DENG Ruihua1
1.Department of Gastroenterology, the Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510900, China; 2.Department of Otolaryngology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University, Guangzhou 510900, China
[Abstract] Objective To investigate the role of lansoprazole for percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy(PEG) complications prevention and treatment. Methods Researched ninety patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma in our hospital. The patients were divided into control group, one week treatment group and two weeks treatment group, with each group thirty cases. The control group received PEG enteral nutrition, one week treatment group and two weeks treatment group were respectively given lansoprazole treatment one week and two weeks after received PEG enteral nutrition. The three groups patients of nutritional indicators and the incidence of complications were analysed after four weeks. Results The three groups patients after surgery compared with preoperative nutritional parameters improved significantly (P<0.01). The incidence of complications in treatment groups was significantly lower than in the control group (P<0.01). Patients in one week treatment group and two weeks treatment group with no significant difference in the incidence of complications(P>0.05). Conclusion PEG can improve the patient's nutritional status; postoperative use of lansoprazole one week, can reduce the incidence of complications.
[Key words] Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy; Lansoprazole; Complications
1980年經(jīng)皮內(nèi)鏡下胃造瘺術(shù)被介紹應(yīng)用于臨床[1],30多年來PEG臨床應(yīng)用的范圍不斷擴展,越來越受到重視,該項技術(shù)已在歐美、日本等國家替代外科胃造瘺,目前PEG已經(jīng)成為需要長期腸內(nèi)營養(yǎng)支持患者的首選方法,但其并發(fā)癥如吸入性肺炎、反流性食管炎、上消化道出血、消化性潰瘍等的發(fā)生率卻不容忽視。然而,目前國內(nèi)尚無有效防治該并發(fā)癥發(fā)生的臨床研究,本研究探討蘭索拉唑防治PEG術(shù)后并發(fā)癥的臨床效果。
1 資料與方法
1.1 一般資料
1.1.1 病例標(biāo)準(zhǔn) ①鼻咽癌經(jīng)治療或未治療后,導(dǎo)致吞咽困難、神經(jīng)性厭食患者;②患者可以耐受麻醉、胃鏡檢查以及一般手術(shù);③患者有胃腸道功能存在,可以耐受腸內(nèi)營養(yǎng)。④患者咽、食管、賁門無嚴(yán)重狹窄,可通過胃鏡檢查。
1.1.2 病例選取 根據(jù)病例納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn),選取2010年10月~2013年8月我院收治的鼻咽癌患者90例。對照組30例,男24例,女6例,年齡33~82歲,平均(44.6±10.3)歲;1周治療組30例,男23例,女7例,年齡35~81歲,平均(46.2±15.1)歲;2周治療組30例,男25例,女5例,年齡32~80歲,平均(46.7±12.3)歲,三組患者的年齡、性別間具有均衡性。endprint
1.2 研究方法
1.2.1 設(shè)備和藥品 日本Olympus公司生產(chǎn)的GIF-XQ260型電子胃鏡,美國COOK公司生產(chǎn)的PEG-24一次性使用胃造瘺管,活檢鉗,江蘇奧賽康藥業(yè)股份有限公司于2010年3月6日生產(chǎn)的注射用蘭索拉唑(奧維加)、國藥準(zhǔn)字H20080336。
1.2.2 PEG腸內(nèi)營養(yǎng) 患者術(shù)前禁食8h,常規(guī)檢查血常規(guī)、凝血常規(guī)、肝腎功能等正常后行PEG術(shù)。患者先左側(cè)臥位,當(dāng)胃鏡到達胃內(nèi)后取仰臥位,檢查上消化道無器質(zhì)性病變后,將胃鏡放置在胃體上部,調(diào)節(jié)胃鏡前端對準(zhǔn)胃前壁,注氣使胃腔充盈擴張,并使胃壁與腹壁緊貼,將胃鏡置于胃體下部前壁,根據(jù)胃鏡在腹壁的透光點,用手指按壓局部腹壁,胃鏡下可見到胃前壁壓跡,即確定該處為造瘺部位,行皮膚消毒、鋪洞巾后,在穿刺點局部麻醉至腹膜,于穿刺點皮膚作0.6~1.0cm的切口至皮下,行鈍性分離至肌膜,將套管穿刺針垂直刺入胃腔后退出針芯,沿套管插導(dǎo)絲入胃腔,術(shù)者用活檢鉗經(jīng)胃鏡活檢孔插入胃腔夾牢導(dǎo)絲,將胃鏡連同活檢鉗和導(dǎo)絲一起從口腔退出,將導(dǎo)絲與造瘺管鼠尾狀擴張導(dǎo)管套牢,緩慢將造瘺管引導(dǎo)經(jīng)口送入胃腔并經(jīng)腹壁開口處輕輕拉出,直至其尖端拉出腹壁外并感覺明顯阻力。再次插入胃鏡觀察蘑菇頭,使之與胃壁緊貼后消毒傷口,并在腹壁處固定,手術(shù)完畢。于手術(shù)24h后緩慢、少量、多次進食,術(shù)前、術(shù)后均常規(guī)應(yīng)用抗生素預(yù)防感染,術(shù)后2周內(nèi)傷口每日換藥1次。進食前后均用0.9%氯化鈉溶液30~50mL沖管,防止堵塞。每次喂食抬高床頭使患者處于半臥位或坐位,喂食完畢后保持此姿勢30~60min,以減少胃食管反流的發(fā)生。
1.2.3 蘭索拉唑治療 術(shù)后治療組患者均給予蘭索拉唑治療,按藥品說明書操作:用專用溶劑溶解注射用蘭索拉唑鈉40mg后,加入0.9%氯化鈉溶液100mL中稀釋后靜脈滴注,每隔12小時1次;1周治療組治療1周,2周治療組治療2周。
1.2.4 觀察指標(biāo) 觀察三組患者術(shù)后4周體重指數(shù)(BMI)、血紅蛋白(HGB)、白蛋白(ALB)、前白蛋白(PA)營養(yǎng)指標(biāo)情況。統(tǒng)計三組術(shù)后吸入性肺炎、反流性食管炎、上消化道出血和消化性潰瘍的發(fā)生情況。
1.2.5 統(tǒng)計學(xué)方法 采用SPSS 13.0統(tǒng)計軟件對數(shù)據(jù)進行處理,計量資料用(x±s)表示,多組比較行組間方差分析,兩兩比較采用q檢驗,計數(shù)資料比較采用χ2檢驗。P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義。
2 結(jié)果
2.1 三組營養(yǎng)指標(biāo)改善情況
見表1。手術(shù)過程均順利,營養(yǎng)恢復(fù)良好,術(shù)后三組患者營養(yǎng)指標(biāo)較術(shù)前明顯改善(P<0.01),三組間患者的營養(yǎng)指標(biāo)無明顯差異(P>0.05)。
2.2 三組并發(fā)癥發(fā)生情況
見表2。治療前吸入性肺炎、反流性食管炎、上消化道出血和消化性潰瘍的發(fā)生率無明顯差異(P>0.05);治療組吸入性肺炎、反流性食管炎、上消化道出血和消化性潰瘍的發(fā)生率明顯低于對照組(P<0.01),而1周治療組及2周治療組患者的并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率無明顯差異(P>0.05)。
表1 三組患者營養(yǎng)指標(biāo)的比較(x±s,n=30)
3 討論
鼻咽癌指發(fā)生于鼻咽黏膜上皮的惡性腫瘤,全球有80%的鼻咽癌患者在中國。鼻咽癌的發(fā)病率以中國的南方較高,特別是廣東的中部和西部的肇慶、佛山和廣州地區(qū)更高。鼻咽癌患者極易導(dǎo)致營養(yǎng)不良[2,3],給予鼻咽癌患者長期、安全、有效的腸內(nèi)營養(yǎng)支持,是解決營養(yǎng)不良、提高生存率的一種必要途徑[4]。盡管鼻胃管飼仍為一種有效的管飼營養(yǎng)方法,但對患者身體和心理造成影響,極大地降低了患者的依從性[5,6]。改用PEG可以改善患者的生活質(zhì)量,簡化護理,易于在家中進行護理,比鼻胃管更舒適和美觀;且患者可以自已給食、藏于腹上維持外表尊嚴(yán)、易于被患者所接受[7,8]。
自從1980年第1次報告PEG以來,現(xiàn)已廣泛地應(yīng)用于臨床,它無需常規(guī)外科手術(shù)和全身麻醉的造瘺技術(shù),可以在胃鏡室或病房局麻下進行,因此是一種操作簡便、創(chuàng)傷小、安全可靠的方法。但PEG是一種有創(chuàng)操作,操作中及操作后均會發(fā)生并發(fā)癥。研究顯示,1%~2%的患者死亡與并發(fā)癥有關(guān)[9],因為所選病人以及醫(yī)療技術(shù)的差異,并發(fā)癥的發(fā)生率有很大的差異。國外研究顯示,PEG的輕微并發(fā)癥率為13%,嚴(yán)重并發(fā)癥率為8%[10,11]。如何最大限度地預(yù)防并發(fā)癥,成為臨床不容忽視的問題。本實驗探討蘭索拉唑?qū)EG并發(fā)癥的防治作用,為臨床有效防治吸入性肺炎、反流性食管炎、上消化道出血和消化性潰瘍的發(fā)生提供有效依據(jù)。
胃壁細胞的質(zhì)子泵抑制劑,抑酸作用強,特異性高,持續(xù)時間長久。胃酸分泌的最后步驟是胃壁細胞內(nèi)質(zhì)子泵驅(qū)動細胞內(nèi)H+與小管內(nèi)K+交換。質(zhì)子泵抑制劑阻斷了胃酸分泌的最后通道,與以往臨床應(yīng)用的抑制胃酸藥物H2受體拮抗劑相比較,作用位點不同且有著不同的特點,即夜間的抑酸作用好、起效快,抑酸作用強且時間長;不僅能非競爭性抑制促胃液素、組胺、膽堿及食物刺激迷走神經(jīng)等引起的胃酸分泌,而且能抑制不受膽堿或H2受體阻斷劑影響的部分基礎(chǔ)胃酸分泌。質(zhì)子泵抑制劑主要用于:消化性潰瘍出血、吻合口潰瘍出血[12];應(yīng)激狀態(tài)時并發(fā)的急性胃黏膜損害和非甾體類抗炎藥引起的急性胃黏膜損傷;胃手術(shù)后預(yù)防再出血[13];全身麻醉或大手術(shù)后以及衰弱昏迷患者防止胃酸反流合并吸入性肺炎等[14,15]。蘭索拉唑是奧美拉唑升級換代產(chǎn)品,是一新型抑制胃酸分泌的藥物,其結(jié)構(gòu)特點是側(cè)鏈中導(dǎo)入氟元素而取代苯并咪唑化合物,使其生物利用度較奧美拉唑提高了30%以上,而對幽門螺桿菌的抑菌活性比奧美拉唑提高了4倍。因此,PEG術(shù)后給予蘭索拉唑,更有利于防治PEG并發(fā)癥;但術(shù)后使用蘭索拉唑治療需要多長時間才合理,目前我們尚沒有這方面的理論依據(jù)。
我們的研究表明,對照組、1周治療組和2周治療組均可明顯改善鼻咽癌患者體重指數(shù)、血紅蛋白、白蛋白、前白蛋白營養(yǎng)指標(biāo)情況(P<0.01),三組間患者的營養(yǎng)指標(biāo)無明顯差異(P>0.05)。1周治療組和2周治療組吸入性肺炎、反流性食管炎、上消化道出血和消化性潰瘍的發(fā)生率明顯低于對照組(P<0.01),而1周治療組及2周治療組患者的并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率無明顯差異(P>0.05)。endprint
以上表明,PEG的腸內(nèi)營養(yǎng)可明顯改善鼻咽癌患者的營養(yǎng)不良,及時地解決營養(yǎng)支持問題,術(shù)后使用1周的蘭索拉唑治療,能有效防治吸入性肺炎、反流性食管炎、上消化道出血和消化性潰瘍的發(fā)生。因此,對于改善病情的發(fā)展、提高患者的生活質(zhì)量、減輕患者的家庭和社會負(fù)擔(dān)都有積極的作用,值得在臨床中大力推廣應(yīng)用。
[參考文獻]
[1] Gaudw MW, Ponsky JL, Izant RJ Jr. Gastrostomy without laparotomy: a percutaneous endoscopic technique[J]. J Pediatr Surg, 1980, 15(6): 872-875.
[2] Abbasi AN, Zahid S, Bhurgri Y, et al. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma - an update of treatment and acute radiation induced reactions from a tertiary-care hospital in Pakistan[J]. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2011, 12(3):735-738.
[3] Peerawong T, Phungrassami T, Pruegsanusak K, et al. Comparison of treatment compliance and nutritional outcomes among patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma with and without percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy during chemoradiation[J]. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2012, 13(11):5805-5809.
[4] 魏祥志, 張科, 汪永和, 等. 賁門癌、食管癌術(shù)后早期腸內(nèi)營養(yǎng)應(yīng)用的體會[J]. 中國現(xiàn)代醫(yī)生, 2011,49(31) :139-141.
[5] Oostdijk EA, de Smet AM, Bonten MJ, et al. Effects of decontamination of the digestive tract and oropharynx in intensive care unit patients on 1-year survival[J]. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 2013, 188(1):117-120.
[6] Hutchinson E, Wilson N. Acute stroke, dysphagia and nutritional support[J]. Br J Community Nurs, 2013, Suppl:26-29.
[7] Thomson M, Rao P, Rawat D, et al. Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy and gastro-oesophageal reflux in neurologically impaired children[J]. World J Gastroenterol, 2011, 17(2): 191-196.
[8] McGinnis CM, Worthington P, Lord LM. Nasogastric versus feeding tubes in critically ill patients[J]. Crit Care Nurse, 2010, 30(6):80-82.
[9] Johnston SD, Tham TC, Mason M. Death after PEG: results of the national confidential enquiry into patient outcome and death[J]. Gastrointest Endosc, 2008, 68(2): 223-227.
[10] Schrag SP, Sharma R, Jaik NP, et al. Complications related to percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tubes. A comprehensive clinical review[J]. Gastrointestin Liver Dis, 2007, 16(4): 407-418.
[11] Szarszewski A, Szlzgatys-Sidorkiewicz A, Borkowska A, et al. Posterior gastric wall ulceration as a complication of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy. A report of 2 cases[J]. Med Wieku Rozwoj, 2009, 13(3): 209-211.
[12] Yen HH, Yang CW, Su WW, et al. Oral versus intravenous proton pump inhibitors in preventing re-bleeding for patients with peptic ulcer bleeding after successful endoscopic therapy[J]. BMC Gastroenterol,2012, 12(1): 66.
[13] Tomita T, Kim Y, Yamasaki T, et al. Prospective randomized controlled trial to compare the effects of omeprazole and famotidine in preventing delayed bleeding and promoting ulcer healing after endoscopic submucosal dissection[J]. J Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2012, 27(9): 1441-1446.
[14] Yoshida S, Nii M, Date M. Effects of omeprazole on symptoms and quality of life in Japanese patients with reflux esophagitis: final results of OMAREE, a large-scale clinical experience investigation[J]. BMC Gastroenterol,2011,11(1): 15.
[15] Chan WH, Khin LW, Chung YF, et al. Randomized controlled trial of standard versus high-dose intravenous omeprazole after endoscopic therapy in high-risk patients with acute peptic ulcer bleeding[J]. Br J Surg, 2011, 98(5): 640-644.
(收稿日期:2013-11-06)endprint
以上表明,PEG的腸內(nèi)營養(yǎng)可明顯改善鼻咽癌患者的營養(yǎng)不良,及時地解決營養(yǎng)支持問題,術(shù)后使用1周的蘭索拉唑治療,能有效防治吸入性肺炎、反流性食管炎、上消化道出血和消化性潰瘍的發(fā)生。因此,對于改善病情的發(fā)展、提高患者的生活質(zhì)量、減輕患者的家庭和社會負(fù)擔(dān)都有積極的作用,值得在臨床中大力推廣應(yīng)用。
[參考文獻]
[1] Gaudw MW, Ponsky JL, Izant RJ Jr. Gastrostomy without laparotomy: a percutaneous endoscopic technique[J]. J Pediatr Surg, 1980, 15(6): 872-875.
[2] Abbasi AN, Zahid S, Bhurgri Y, et al. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma - an update of treatment and acute radiation induced reactions from a tertiary-care hospital in Pakistan[J]. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2011, 12(3):735-738.
[3] Peerawong T, Phungrassami T, Pruegsanusak K, et al. Comparison of treatment compliance and nutritional outcomes among patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma with and without percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy during chemoradiation[J]. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2012, 13(11):5805-5809.
[4] 魏祥志, 張科, 汪永和, 等. 賁門癌、食管癌術(shù)后早期腸內(nèi)營養(yǎng)應(yīng)用的體會[J]. 中國現(xiàn)代醫(yī)生, 2011,49(31) :139-141.
[5] Oostdijk EA, de Smet AM, Bonten MJ, et al. Effects of decontamination of the digestive tract and oropharynx in intensive care unit patients on 1-year survival[J]. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 2013, 188(1):117-120.
[6] Hutchinson E, Wilson N. Acute stroke, dysphagia and nutritional support[J]. Br J Community Nurs, 2013, Suppl:26-29.
[7] Thomson M, Rao P, Rawat D, et al. Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy and gastro-oesophageal reflux in neurologically impaired children[J]. World J Gastroenterol, 2011, 17(2): 191-196.
[8] McGinnis CM, Worthington P, Lord LM. Nasogastric versus feeding tubes in critically ill patients[J]. Crit Care Nurse, 2010, 30(6):80-82.
[9] Johnston SD, Tham TC, Mason M. Death after PEG: results of the national confidential enquiry into patient outcome and death[J]. Gastrointest Endosc, 2008, 68(2): 223-227.
[10] Schrag SP, Sharma R, Jaik NP, et al. Complications related to percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tubes. A comprehensive clinical review[J]. Gastrointestin Liver Dis, 2007, 16(4): 407-418.
[11] Szarszewski A, Szlzgatys-Sidorkiewicz A, Borkowska A, et al. Posterior gastric wall ulceration as a complication of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy. A report of 2 cases[J]. Med Wieku Rozwoj, 2009, 13(3): 209-211.
[12] Yen HH, Yang CW, Su WW, et al. Oral versus intravenous proton pump inhibitors in preventing re-bleeding for patients with peptic ulcer bleeding after successful endoscopic therapy[J]. BMC Gastroenterol,2012, 12(1): 66.
[13] Tomita T, Kim Y, Yamasaki T, et al. Prospective randomized controlled trial to compare the effects of omeprazole and famotidine in preventing delayed bleeding and promoting ulcer healing after endoscopic submucosal dissection[J]. J Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2012, 27(9): 1441-1446.
[14] Yoshida S, Nii M, Date M. Effects of omeprazole on symptoms and quality of life in Japanese patients with reflux esophagitis: final results of OMAREE, a large-scale clinical experience investigation[J]. BMC Gastroenterol,2011,11(1): 15.
[15] Chan WH, Khin LW, Chung YF, et al. Randomized controlled trial of standard versus high-dose intravenous omeprazole after endoscopic therapy in high-risk patients with acute peptic ulcer bleeding[J]. Br J Surg, 2011, 98(5): 640-644.
(收稿日期:2013-11-06)endprint
以上表明,PEG的腸內(nèi)營養(yǎng)可明顯改善鼻咽癌患者的營養(yǎng)不良,及時地解決營養(yǎng)支持問題,術(shù)后使用1周的蘭索拉唑治療,能有效防治吸入性肺炎、反流性食管炎、上消化道出血和消化性潰瘍的發(fā)生。因此,對于改善病情的發(fā)展、提高患者的生活質(zhì)量、減輕患者的家庭和社會負(fù)擔(dān)都有積極的作用,值得在臨床中大力推廣應(yīng)用。
[參考文獻]
[1] Gaudw MW, Ponsky JL, Izant RJ Jr. Gastrostomy without laparotomy: a percutaneous endoscopic technique[J]. J Pediatr Surg, 1980, 15(6): 872-875.
[2] Abbasi AN, Zahid S, Bhurgri Y, et al. Nasopharyngeal carcinoma - an update of treatment and acute radiation induced reactions from a tertiary-care hospital in Pakistan[J]. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2011, 12(3):735-738.
[3] Peerawong T, Phungrassami T, Pruegsanusak K, et al. Comparison of treatment compliance and nutritional outcomes among patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma with and without percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy during chemoradiation[J]. Asian Pac J Cancer Prev, 2012, 13(11):5805-5809.
[4] 魏祥志, 張科, 汪永和, 等. 賁門癌、食管癌術(shù)后早期腸內(nèi)營養(yǎng)應(yīng)用的體會[J]. 中國現(xiàn)代醫(yī)生, 2011,49(31) :139-141.
[5] Oostdijk EA, de Smet AM, Bonten MJ, et al. Effects of decontamination of the digestive tract and oropharynx in intensive care unit patients on 1-year survival[J]. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 2013, 188(1):117-120.
[6] Hutchinson E, Wilson N. Acute stroke, dysphagia and nutritional support[J]. Br J Community Nurs, 2013, Suppl:26-29.
[7] Thomson M, Rao P, Rawat D, et al. Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy and gastro-oesophageal reflux in neurologically impaired children[J]. World J Gastroenterol, 2011, 17(2): 191-196.
[8] McGinnis CM, Worthington P, Lord LM. Nasogastric versus feeding tubes in critically ill patients[J]. Crit Care Nurse, 2010, 30(6):80-82.
[9] Johnston SD, Tham TC, Mason M. Death after PEG: results of the national confidential enquiry into patient outcome and death[J]. Gastrointest Endosc, 2008, 68(2): 223-227.
[10] Schrag SP, Sharma R, Jaik NP, et al. Complications related to percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG) tubes. A comprehensive clinical review[J]. Gastrointestin Liver Dis, 2007, 16(4): 407-418.
[11] Szarszewski A, Szlzgatys-Sidorkiewicz A, Borkowska A, et al. Posterior gastric wall ulceration as a complication of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy. A report of 2 cases[J]. Med Wieku Rozwoj, 2009, 13(3): 209-211.
[12] Yen HH, Yang CW, Su WW, et al. Oral versus intravenous proton pump inhibitors in preventing re-bleeding for patients with peptic ulcer bleeding after successful endoscopic therapy[J]. BMC Gastroenterol,2012, 12(1): 66.
[13] Tomita T, Kim Y, Yamasaki T, et al. Prospective randomized controlled trial to compare the effects of omeprazole and famotidine in preventing delayed bleeding and promoting ulcer healing after endoscopic submucosal dissection[J]. J Gastroenterol Hepatol, 2012, 27(9): 1441-1446.
[14] Yoshida S, Nii M, Date M. Effects of omeprazole on symptoms and quality of life in Japanese patients with reflux esophagitis: final results of OMAREE, a large-scale clinical experience investigation[J]. BMC Gastroenterol,2011,11(1): 15.
[15] Chan WH, Khin LW, Chung YF, et al. Randomized controlled trial of standard versus high-dose intravenous omeprazole after endoscopic therapy in high-risk patients with acute peptic ulcer bleeding[J]. Br J Surg, 2011, 98(5): 640-644.
(收稿日期:2013-11-06)endprint