陳鴻
插入語(yǔ)是指插在句子中的一個(gè)詞、短語(yǔ)或一個(gè)句子,但不是句子主要結(jié)構(gòu)的一部分。插入語(yǔ)的位置可以移動(dòng),但一般不改變句子的意思。但是,插入語(yǔ)的兩邊大都用逗號(hào)隔開(kāi)。插入語(yǔ)雖然不是句子的主要結(jié)構(gòu),但對(duì)句意的表達(dá)有一定的影響。
插入語(yǔ)的特點(diǎn)之一就是對(duì)句子結(jié)構(gòu)進(jìn)行分隔,形成所謂的割裂特點(diǎn),了解這一現(xiàn)象,有助于我們?cè)陂喿x中理解長(zhǎng)句,預(yù)知難點(diǎn)。本文對(duì)插入語(yǔ)對(duì)句子的分隔列舉如下。
1. 主謂結(jié)構(gòu)的分隔
Skill, it is true, wins over noble birth. 出身顯貴,實(shí)不如一技在身。
The first step, it seems, is all the difficulty. 似乎萬(wàn)事開(kāi)頭難。
2. 動(dòng)賓結(jié)構(gòu)的分隔
She wrote, to the exact, ten novels in her lifetime. 準(zhǔn)確地說(shuō),她一生寫(xiě)了10部小說(shuō)。
She refused, and with reason, their demand. 她拒絕了他們的要求,而且很有理。
3. 平行結(jié)構(gòu)的分隔
He grinned, strangely pleased, and walked on. 他咧嘴笑了起來(lái),心里莫名其妙地感到愜意,又繼續(xù)往前走去。
She didnt support him, and, what was worse, laughed at him. 她沒(méi)有支持他,更惡劣的是她嘲笑他。
4. 謂語(yǔ)的分隔
This knowledge should, in principle, be integrated into the trainees own reflective cycle in order that effective learning may take place. 這種知識(shí)原則上受訓(xùn)者應(yīng)該自己整合,才會(huì)提高學(xué)習(xí)效率。
Interpreting such a problem through the prism of past experience will, by definition, lead the thinker astray. 用過(guò)去經(jīng)驗(yàn)的棱鏡來(lái)解釋這樣的問(wèn)題,從這個(gè)定義上講,會(huì)把人們的思想引入歧途。
5. 定語(yǔ)與被修飾語(yǔ)的分隔
It is a proper, if not the best, way to settle the problem. 這是解決這一問(wèn)題的合適方法,如果不是最好的話(huà)。
Invention, for example, of a completely new recording medium may grow fast, because all of us become addicted to recorded music. 例如,一種全新錄音手段的發(fā)明可能發(fā)展很快,因?yàn)槲覀兌际群娩浿频囊魳?lè)。
6. 賓語(yǔ)的分隔
He gave me at least two apples. 他給了我至少兩個(gè)蘋(píng)果。
We might tell a medium friend, for example, that yesterday we had a fight with our husband. 比如說(shuō),我們可以告訴一個(gè)普通朋友昨天與丈夫吵架的事。
7. 同位語(yǔ)的分隔
She works all day, that is to say, from eight to five. 她整天在工作,也就是說(shuō),從上午八點(diǎn)到下午五點(diǎn)。
A Christmas gift, or rather a book American history, will be given to you. 你將會(huì)得到一件圣誕禮物,更確切地說(shuō),是一本關(guān)于美國(guó)歷史的書(shū)。
8. 詞組的分隔
Why different courses tend to stress types of content and not others depends very much, of course, on the objectives of the course. 當(dāng)然,不同的課程強(qiáng)調(diào)不同內(nèi)容的原因,主要取決于課程目標(biāo)。
9. 先行詞與關(guān)系詞的分隔
There are some people, I am sure, who will say that the water is too cold. 我相信,有些人會(huì)說(shuō)水太涼了。
10. 特殊疑問(wèn)句中的分隔
插入語(yǔ)以一般疑問(wèn)句的形式,置于特殊疑問(wèn)詞之后。例如:
How long did she say she would stay here? 她說(shuō)要在這里待多久?
Where did they suggest we should go during the summer holidays? 他們建議我們暑期到哪兒?
11. 狀語(yǔ)從句與主句之間的分隔
As we probe further, of course,the answer becomes more difficult and more complex. 當(dāng)然,當(dāng)我們進(jìn)一步研究時(shí),問(wèn)題的難度變得更大而且更復(fù)雜了。
(作者單位:佛山市南海區(qū)黃岐高級(jí)中學(xué))
責(zé)任編校 蔣小青endprint