文/江門市棠下中學(xué) 陳惠桃
高中英語基礎(chǔ)寫作的“三性”
文/江門市棠下中學(xué) 陳惠桃
練好基礎(chǔ)寫作不是一蹴而就的事,一開始,學(xué)生往往會望其生畏而無從下手。其實,寫作基礎(chǔ)好與不好的學(xué)生,都應(yīng)先從簡單句訓(xùn)練開始,保證句子準(zhǔn)確,少語法錯誤,然后才循序漸進(jìn),學(xué)會運用高級的復(fù)合句。
1.正確選詞(Using Proper Words)
在平時學(xué)生的作業(yè)中,我們經(jīng)常會看到這樣的句子:(1)I with him still good friends.(2)I success.例(1)中,學(xué)生因為只知道“with”是用的意思,而不知道它是介詞,應(yīng)該做狀語,就容易混淆了它在句子中的位置,并把它用作謂語了。例(2)中,學(xué)生不知道success的詞性,從而寫出錯誤的句子。所以,我們在平時的單詞教學(xué)中,一定要注重單詞詞性的講解和訓(xùn)練。
2.進(jìn)行簡單句訓(xùn)練,使句子正確有效(Making Correct and Effective Sentences)
例:中央電視臺主辦“漢語橋”比賽活動,其目的是為人們提供舞臺去展示漢語能力和激發(fā)他們學(xué)習(xí)漢語的熱情。有學(xué)生這樣翻譯:It is provide platform yourself Chinese able stage...
若不是進(jìn)行時態(tài)或被動語態(tài),句子中的謂語動詞一定不要用be,所以,教師在平時的教學(xué)中,可側(cè)重動詞方面的訓(xùn)練。教師可以從訓(xùn)練學(xué)生對動詞的翻譯開始。主辦比賽:host/hold a competition.目的:aim to do.提供舞臺去展示:offer sb.a stage to show/provide sb.with a stage to show.激發(fā)熱情去做:arouse/motivate one’s passion to do sth.將上述詞組組成簡單句:A competition willbe held on the CCTV.It aims to offer people a stage to show their Chinese ability and arouse their passion to learn Chinese.
作為篇章的紐帶,過渡詞語對寫作技巧的貢獻(xiàn)是不言而喻的。因此,在寫作教學(xué)中,要正確恰當(dāng)?shù)厥褂眠@些表示邏輯關(guān)系的關(guān)聯(lián)詞語,使文章前后連貫,結(jié)構(gòu)緊湊。
例如以下兩個信息點:I am sure all the activities will do a lot of good to us students.It’s a pity that I can only take part in two of them.兩句之間就可以加上but進(jìn)行銜接:I am sure all the activities will do a lot of good to us students but it’s a pity that I can only take part in two of them.
又如,對于解決水污染問題提出的幾點建議,可用firstly,secondly,finally連接:Firstly,the government should take some effective measures to quit water pollution. Secondly,the factories are banned from pouring waste water into rivers. Finally,we are supposed to strengthen the citizens’awareness of protecting the water resources.
根據(jù)文章的長度,如果內(nèi)容不多,可用簡單句,并適當(dāng)增補內(nèi)容。如果內(nèi)容多,應(yīng)多用并列句和復(fù)雜句。正確地使用各種句型,不僅能夠完成題目所要求的任務(wù),還能使文章的句式變得更豐富、行文更加流暢、中心和主旨更加突出。因此,教師在英語寫作教學(xué)中,要讓學(xué)生掌握這些常用句型,以提高學(xué)生的寫作技巧。常見的句式有:非謂語動詞結(jié)構(gòu)、同位語、定語從句及名詞性從句、with的復(fù)合結(jié)構(gòu)等等。如上文中所舉的例子,可以改寫成:A competition called“Chinese Bridge”will be held on CCTV,which aims to offer people a stage to show their Chinese ability and arouse their passion to learn Chinese.
又如:1)Yuan Longping was born on September7,1937 in Chongqing.2)Yuan Longping was from a poor farmer’s family.可合并成:Born in Chongqing on September 7,1937,Yuan Longpingwas from a poor farmer’s family.
此外,還要注意指導(dǎo)學(xué)生多讀多背。要提高學(xué)生寫作能力,課堂上的訓(xùn)練很重要。但學(xué)生基本功和課外知識的積累也是必不可少。學(xué)生平時可按照話題分類,多讀多背好句子、好文章、諺語等,會對基礎(chǔ)寫作的提高起到畫龍點睛的作用。
責(zé)任編輯 魏文琦