劉婷婷,孫芳玲,程華,艾厚喜,張麗,王文
莫諾苷對(duì)局灶性腦缺血再灌注大鼠血管生成素1及其受體Tie-2的影響①
劉婷婷,孫芳玲,程華,艾厚喜,張麗,王文
目的觀察莫諾苷對(duì)局灶性腦缺血再灌注大鼠血管生成素1(Ang-1)及其受體Tie-2的影響。方法20只健康成年雄性Sprague-Dawley大鼠隨機(jī)分為假手術(shù)組,模型組,莫諾苷小、中、大劑量組,每組4只。線栓法制備大鼠大腦中動(dòng)脈阻塞模型,術(shù)后予莫諾苷30 mg/kg、90 mg/kg、270 mg/kg每天1次灌胃。術(shù)后7 d采用Western blotting法分析皮層Ang-1及其受體Tie-2的表達(dá)。結(jié)果模型組患側(cè)皮層Ang-1、Tie-2的表達(dá)均比假手術(shù)組明顯增加(P<0.01)。莫諾苷大劑量組Ang-1、Tie-2的表達(dá)較模型組明顯提高(P<0.01),莫諾苷中、大劑量組Tie-2的表達(dá)較模型組顯著提高(P<0.001)。結(jié)論莫諾苷能上調(diào)局灶性腦缺血大鼠缺血再灌注皮層Ang-1及受體Tie-2的表達(dá),促進(jìn)血管再生。
莫諾苷;腦缺血再灌注;血管生成素1;Tie-2;血管再生;大鼠
[本文著錄格式]劉婷婷,孫芳玲,程華,等.莫諾苷對(duì)局灶性腦缺血再灌注大鼠血管生成素1及其受體Tie-2的影響[J].中國(guó)康復(fù)理論與實(shí)踐,2015,21(1):9-11.
CITED AS:Liu TT,Sun FL,Cheng H,et al.Effects of morroniside on expression of Angiopoietin-1 and Tie-2 in rats after focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion[J].Zhongguo Kangfu Lilun Yu Shijian,2015,21(1):9-11.
缺血性腦卒中是腦卒中最常見類型,嚴(yán)重威脅人類健康[1]。動(dòng)物實(shí)驗(yàn)證實(shí),缺血性腦卒中后,神經(jīng)血管單元的微環(huán)境改變,誘導(dǎo)血管發(fā)生。形態(tài)學(xué)分析表明,缺血后2~7 d梗死灶周邊可見毛細(xì)血管重建,缺血半暗帶擴(kuò)大,且有壁薄的血管形成,并在缺血后2~28 d逐漸發(fā)展成小血管,通過發(fā)芽和套疊的方式延伸到缺血中心區(qū)[2]。新生血管為新生神經(jīng)元提供重要的神經(jīng)營(yíng)養(yǎng)來(lái)源[3],神經(jīng)祖細(xì)胞也會(huì)沿著新生血管遷移到梗死周邊區(qū)[4-5]。Navarro-Sobrino等證明,腦缺血后血管新生是形成大腦新生微血管的重要過程,可以改善缺血周邊區(qū)域的組織低灌注[6]。缺血性腦損傷患者腦內(nèi)新生血管密度與患者的生存時(shí)間存在一定關(guān)系,新生血管密度增加多的患者,預(yù)后較好[7]。疾病刺激機(jī)體自身的血管新生反應(yīng)短暫而微弱,不足以很好改善腦缺血后的神經(jīng)功能恢復(fù)。通過外源性藥物或其他手段刺激血管新生,可能能更好地促進(jìn)缺血性腦損傷后的神經(jīng)康復(fù)。
血管生成素1(Angiopoietin-1,Ang-1)是血管生成素家族的重要成員,Tie-2是其內(nèi)皮特異性酪氨酸激酶受體。研究表明,Ang-1/Tie-2系統(tǒng)在血管生成過程中
起關(guān)鍵作用[8-9]。Beck等證明,在腦缺血后恢復(fù)期,Ang-1/Tie-2水平的上調(diào)可以促進(jìn)腦缺血邊緣帶新生血管形成[10]。另外,缺血后Ang-1能促進(jìn)神經(jīng)發(fā)生和血管發(fā)生過程的緊密聯(lián)系[11]。
莫諾苷是本課題組從中藥山茱萸中篩選出的有效成分,前期研究顯示,莫諾苷可以明顯改善腦缺血再灌注引起的神經(jīng)功能缺損,減少大腦梗死體積,使神經(jīng)元死亡減少,起到神經(jīng)保護(hù)作用[12-14]。我們發(fā)現(xiàn),莫諾苷能夠促進(jìn)大鼠腦缺血后梗死灶周邊皮層區(qū)域血管密度增加。因此,本研究在大鼠腦缺血再灌注模型上進(jìn)一步對(duì)莫諾苷對(duì)血管生成相關(guān)因子Ang-1及Tie-2表達(dá)的影響進(jìn)行研究,為莫諾苷對(duì)大鼠缺血性腦損傷后血管新生的作用及機(jī)制提供依據(jù)。
1.1 藥品與試劑
莫諾苷由首都醫(yī)科大學(xué)宣武醫(yī)院藥物研究室從山茱萸中提取制備,HPLC分析純度大于98.5%。Ang-1兔多抗(BA0636):武漢博士德生物工程有限公司。Tie-2兔多抗(sc-324):美國(guó)SANTA CRUZ公司。β-actin鼠單抗(TA-09)、辣根過氧化物酶標(biāo)記山羊抗兔二抗(ZB-2301)、辣根過氧化物酶標(biāo)記山羊抗小鼠二抗(ZB-2010):北京市中杉金橋生物技術(shù)有限公司。RIPA裂解液(P0013B):碧云天生物技術(shù)研究所。BCA法蛋白定量試劑盒(P1511):北京普利萊基因技術(shù)有限公司。ECL Western Blotting Kit(32109):美國(guó)THERMO-PIERCE公司。
1.2 實(shí)驗(yàn)動(dòng)物分組及給藥
20只SPF級(jí)Sprague-Dawley雄性成年大鼠,體質(zhì)量260~280 g,購(gòu)自北京維通利華實(shí)驗(yàn)動(dòng)物技術(shù)有限公司,合格證編號(hào):SCXK(京)2007-0001。采用線栓法制備大鼠局灶性腦缺血再灌注模型后,隨機(jī)分為假手術(shù)組,模型組,莫諾苷小、中、大劑量組,每組4只。術(shù)后莫諾苷小、中、大劑量組予莫諾苷30 mg/kg、90 mg/kg、270 mg/kg每天1次灌胃給藥,連續(xù)7 d,假手術(shù)組和模型組予等量生理鹽水。
1.3 模型制備
采用改良Longa線栓法[15]。大鼠10%水合氯醛3.5 ml/kg腹腔注射麻醉,仰臥位固定于鼠板上,頸部正中切口,鈍性分離右側(cè)頸總動(dòng)脈、頸外動(dòng)脈和頸內(nèi)動(dòng)脈,結(jié)扎頸外動(dòng)脈和頸總動(dòng)脈近心端,動(dòng)脈夾與頸總動(dòng)脈近心端之間結(jié)扎一道縫合線,不扎緊。在頸總動(dòng)脈接近頸外動(dòng)脈和頸內(nèi)動(dòng)脈分叉處用眼科剪做一斜行細(xì)切口,將直徑為0.26 mm的尼龍線插入,稍扎緊縫合線,推動(dòng)尼龍線進(jìn)入頸內(nèi)動(dòng)脈,至距頸外動(dòng)脈和頸內(nèi)動(dòng)脈分叉處約2 cm時(shí),會(huì)有阻擋感,說(shuō)明栓線已越過大腦中動(dòng)脈,到達(dá)大腦前動(dòng)脈的起始部。記錄阻塞開始時(shí)間,結(jié)扎頸總動(dòng)脈上端。縫合肌肉、皮膚。阻塞后30 min(若此時(shí)大鼠已蘇醒則需要再次麻醉),拔出尼龍線。
假手術(shù)組除不插入尼龍線外,其他操作相同。
1.4 模型成功及評(píng)價(jià)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
參照Longa及Bederon評(píng)分方法[15-16]對(duì)實(shí)驗(yàn)動(dòng)物進(jìn)行神經(jīng)行為學(xué)評(píng)分。將0分、1分及4分大鼠剔除,并補(bǔ)充各組設(shè)計(jì)所需大鼠數(shù)量。
1.5 Western blotting
術(shù)后7 d,大鼠10%水合氯醛3.5 ml/kg腹腔注射麻醉。迅速剝離大腦并將腦膜剝?nèi)ィ〕龌紓?cè)皮層包入錫箔紙中,放入液氮中凍存片刻,-80℃保存。取患側(cè)皮層于5 ml EP管中稱重,加入預(yù)冷的裂解液7 μl/mg組織、PMSF 1 μl/100μl RIPA,冰上充分超聲粉碎。4℃靜止30 min,4℃12000 r/min離心30 min。取上清測(cè)定蛋白濃度,總蛋白與5×上樣緩沖液1∶4稀釋,95℃變性10 min。
Ang-1采用10%SDS-PAGE分離膠,Tie-2采用8%SDS-PAGE分離膠;濃縮膠用5%SDS-PAGE。電泳:濃縮膠電壓60 V,40 min,分離膠電壓90 V,90 min,分離蛋白。電泳后用0.45 μm NC膜進(jìn)行轉(zhuǎn)膜;條帶在5%脫脂奶粉中封閉2 h;分別用兔多克隆Ang-1抗體(1∶200)、兔多克隆Tie-2抗體(1∶200)和小鼠單克隆β-actin抗體(1∶1000),4℃冰箱孵育過夜。TBST緩沖液洗滌3次,每次10 min。加相應(yīng)辣根過氧化物酶結(jié)合二抗,室溫孵育2 h,TBST緩沖液洗滌3次,每次10 min;ECL顯色1 min,濾去顯色液,凝膠成像儀拍片。用Quanity One軟件對(duì)蛋白條帶進(jìn)行灰度分析。
1.6 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析
2.1 Ang-1
模型組Ang-1水平比假手術(shù)組明顯升高(P<0.01);與模型組大鼠相比,莫諾苷大劑量組Ang-1水
平明顯增加(P<0.01)。莫諾苷小、中劑量組表達(dá)水平與模型組相比有升高趨勢(shì),但無(wú)顯著性差異。見表1。
2.2 Tie-2
模型組Tie-2水平較假手術(shù)組顯著升高(P<0.001);與模型組大鼠相比,莫諾苷中、大劑量組皮層Tie-2蛋白表達(dá)顯著增加(P<0.001)。莫諾苷小劑量組表達(dá)水平與模型組相比有升高趨勢(shì),但無(wú)顯著性差異。見表1。
表1 各組患側(cè)皮層Ang-1、Tie-2灰度比較(/β-actin)
在血管新生過程中,Ang-1/Tie-2對(duì)于新生血管的形成、重塑、穩(wěn)定、成熟都起舉足輕重的作用[17]。Ang-1/Tie-2特異性表達(dá)于內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞和早期造血細(xì)胞[18]。受體Tie-2在大腦發(fā)育中的脈管系統(tǒng)內(nèi)表達(dá)量較高,但成年后表達(dá)量維持在較低水平。Ang-1與其受體Tie-2結(jié)合后可以促進(jìn)新生內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞存活,調(diào)節(jié)血管萌芽和分枝形成,募集內(nèi)皮周圍支持細(xì)胞,最終促進(jìn)血管重塑和成熟[19-20]。
腦缺血后,大腦皮層內(nèi)Ang-1與Tie-2蛋白及mRNA表達(dá)水平均增加,這對(duì)于缺血后梗死周邊區(qū)域殘存血管結(jié)構(gòu)的維持、大規(guī)模血管重塑和血管新生起到關(guān)鍵作用[21-22]。Beck等發(fā)現(xiàn),缺血性腦損傷后,Ang-1/Tie-2水平的上調(diào)在時(shí)空和數(shù)量上調(diào)節(jié)梗死中心及半暗帶新生血管和側(cè)支循環(huán)的形成,促進(jìn)腦血流恢復(fù),改善缺血周邊能量代謝,促進(jìn)功能恢復(fù)[10]。
本研究顯示,大鼠腦缺血再灌注7 d后,大腦患側(cè)皮層Ang-1和Tie-2蛋白表達(dá)升高,與上述結(jié)果一致,提示缺血性腦損傷刺激促血管新生因子的生成,使神經(jīng)血管單元的微環(huán)境發(fā)生改變。給予莫諾苷治療后,Ang-1和Tie-2蛋白表達(dá)水平進(jìn)一步增加。結(jié)合前期研究結(jié)果,我們推斷莫諾苷能夠通過調(diào)節(jié)局灶性腦缺血后Ang-1及其受體Tie-2的表達(dá),在一定程度上改善腦內(nèi)神經(jīng)血管單元微環(huán)境,實(shí)現(xiàn)促血管新生的作用,在缺血性腦損傷的治療中有著良好前景。
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Effects of Morroniside on Expression of Angiopoietin-1 and Tie-2 in Rats after Focal Cerebral Ischemia-reperfusion
LIU Ting-ting, SUN Fang-ling,CHENG Hua,AI Hou-xi,ZHANG Li,WANG Wen.Department of Pharmacology,Xuanwu Hospital of Capital Medical University,Beijing Geriatric Medical Research Center,Beijing 100053,China
Objective To explore the effects of morroniside on the expression of Angiopoietin-1(Ang-1)and Tie-2 in a rat after focal cerebral ischemia-reperfusion.Methods 20 male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into sham group(n=4),ischemia group(n=4), and morroniside groups(low,medium and high dosage groups,n=4).The middle cerebral artery were occluded for 30 min,and re-perfused. Morroniside was administered intragastrically once a day at dose of 30 mg/kg,90 mg/kg and 270 mg/kg after operation.The expression of Ang-1 and Tie-2 in the ischemic ipsilateral cortex were detected with Western blotting analysis 7 days after operation.Results The expression of Ang-1 and Tie-2 increased in the ischemia group compared with the sham group(P<0.01),and both of them further increased in the morroniside groups of high dosage compared with the ischemia group(P<0.01),and the expression of Tie-2 also increased in the morroniside groups of medium dosage(P<0.001).Conclusion Morroniside could increase the expression of Ang-1 and Tie-2 in the ischemic ipsilateral cortex after ischemia-reperfusion in rats,suggesting promoting the angiogenesis after ischemia.
morroniside;ischemia-reperfusion;Angiopoietin-1;Tie-2;angiogenesis;rats
10.3969/j.issn.1006-9771.2015.01.003
R743.3
A
1006-9771(2015)01-0009-03
2014-11-24
2014-12-11)
1.“重大新藥創(chuàng)制”科技重大專項(xiàng)(No.2012ZX09102201-016);2.國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金項(xiàng)目(No.81173575;No.81373994);3.首都醫(yī)科大學(xué)宣武醫(yī)院院級(jí)課題。
首都醫(yī)科大學(xué)宣武醫(yī)院動(dòng)物實(shí)驗(yàn)室,北京市老年病醫(yī)療研究中心,北京重大疾病研究院,北京市100053。作者簡(jiǎn)介:劉婷婷(1988-),女,漢族,河北滄州市人,博士研究生,主要研究方向:神經(jīng)藥理。通訊作者:王文,男,博士,教授,博士生導(dǎo)師。E-mail:lzwwang@ 163.com。
中國(guó)康復(fù)理論與實(shí)踐2015年1期