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兩種新輔助化療方案對(duì)乳腺癌患者近期療效及生存率的影響

2015-12-28 07:59李永峰陳杰謝尚鬧楊紅健孟旭莉
中國現(xiàn)代醫(yī)生 2015年32期
關(guān)鍵詞:近期療效新輔助化療生存率

李永峰 陳杰 謝尚鬧 楊紅健 孟旭莉

[摘要] 目的 探討兩種新輔助化療方案對(duì)乳腺癌患者近期療效及生存率的影響。 方法 選取2009年2月~2012年4月我院收治的63例乳腺癌患者,按照新輔助化療方案的不同分為TE組23例和TEC組40例,其中TE組患者采用多西他賽+表柔比星方案化療,TEC組患者則采用多西他賽+表柔比星+環(huán)磷酰胺方案化療,對(duì)比兩組患者的近期療效及3年生存率。 結(jié)果 TE組患者的總有效率為78.3%(18/23),TEC組患者的總有效率為80.0%(32/40),兩組差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05);3年生存率統(tǒng)計(jì)結(jié)果顯示,TE組患者生存17例,生存率為73.9%,TEC組患者生存37例,生存率為92.5%,TEC組患者的3年生存率顯著高于TE組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。 結(jié)論 多西他賽、表柔比星、環(huán)磷酰胺的新輔助化療方案用于乳腺癌患者的療效確切,3年生存率明顯高于多西他賽聯(lián)合表柔比星方案,值得臨床推廣應(yīng)用。

[關(guān)鍵詞] 乳腺癌;新輔助化療;近期療效;生存率

[中圖分類號(hào)] R737.9 [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼] B [文章編號(hào)] 1673-9701(2015)32-0084-03

[Abstract] Objective To explore and study the effects of two new protocols of adjuvant chemotherapy on the short-term curative effect and survival rate of patients with breast cancer. Methods 63 patients with breast cancer who were admitted to our hospital from February 2009 to April 2012 were selected as research subjects. They were assigned to TE group of 23 patients and TEC group of 40 patients according to the different new protocols of adjuvant chemotherapy. The patients in the TE group were given the chemotherapy of docetaxel + epirubicin, and the patients in the TEC group was given the chemotherapy of docetaxel+epirubicin+cyclophosphamide. The short-term curative effect and 3-year survival rate of the two groups were compared. Results The total effective rate in the TE group was 78.3% (18/23), and the total effective rate in the TEC group was 80.0% (32/40). There was no significant difference between the two groups of patients (P>0.05); statistical results of 3-year survival rate showed that there were 17 survived patients in the TE group, with the survival rate of 73.9%, and there were 37 survived patients in the TEC group, with the survival rate of 92.5%. The 3-year survival rate in the TEC group was significantly higher than that in the TE group, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion The new protocol of adjuvant therapy of docetaxel, epirubicin and cyclophosphamide has an exact curative effect in the patients with breast cancer, and the 3-year survival rate is significantly higher than that of the protocol of docetaxel combined with epirubicin, which is worthy of clinical promotion and application.

[Key words] Breast cancer; New adjuvant chemotherapy; Short-term curative effect; Survival rate

乳腺癌是女性最常見的惡性腫瘤之一,隨著現(xiàn)代醫(yī)學(xué)研究的不斷深入,新輔助化療作為一種有效的術(shù)前處理措施被臨床廣泛應(yīng)用[1-3]。新輔助化療能夠?qū)o法手術(shù)的晚期惡性腫瘤患者進(jìn)行全身性、系統(tǒng)性的藥物治療,以達(dá)到縮小腫瘤體積、降低腫瘤分期、為患者提供手術(shù)機(jī)會(huì)的目的,是目前治療晚期乳腺癌的重要手段[4]。但目前乳腺癌患者的新輔助化療方案選擇尚未統(tǒng)一,蒽環(huán)類、紫杉類藥物是新輔助化療中的常用藥物[5]。本文為進(jìn)一步了解不同化療方案對(duì)乳腺癌患者療效及生存率的影響,進(jìn)行了相關(guān)研究,現(xiàn)報(bào)道如下。

1 資料與方法

1.1 一般資料

選取2009年2月~2012年4月我院收治的63例乳腺癌患者,均為女性,年齡31~72歲,平均(47.9±8.2)歲,患者入院后均經(jīng)病理學(xué)檢驗(yàn)證實(shí)為乳腺癌,且本次就診前未經(jīng)化療、放療治療,均為臨床可測(cè)量病灶,常規(guī)查血常規(guī)、肝腎功能及B超,排除遠(yuǎn)處轉(zhuǎn)移或合并心、腎等臟器功能嚴(yán)重?fù)p害者。根據(jù)治療方案不同將以上患者分為TE組23例和TEC組40例,兩組患者在一般資料對(duì)比差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),具有可比性。

1.2 治療方法

兩組患者均于治療前6 h、12 h給予地塞米松口服,治療前0.5 h給予10 mg地塞米松+20 mg苯海拉明肌注。TE組患者采用多西他賽+表柔比星方案(TE方案)化療,給予75 mg/m2多西他賽注射液(深圳萬樂藥業(yè)有限公司,國藥準(zhǔn)字H20060127)靜脈滴注,d1;60 mg/m2鹽酸表柔比星注射液(浙江海正藥業(yè)股份有限公司,國藥準(zhǔn)字H20041211)靜脈滴注,d1。TEC組患者采用多西他賽+表柔比星+環(huán)磷酰胺方案(TEC方案)化療,給予75 mg/m2多西他賽靜脈滴注,d1,60 mg/m2表柔比星靜脈滴注,d1;600 mg/m2注射用環(huán)磷酰胺(江蘇恒瑞醫(yī)藥股份有限公司,國藥準(zhǔn)字H32026196)靜脈滴注,d1。兩組患者在化療同時(shí)均視情況給予格拉司瓊減輕胃腸道反應(yīng),白細(xì)胞計(jì)數(shù)低于3×109/L時(shí)給予粒細(xì)胞集落刺激因子治療,AST或ALT超標(biāo)2倍或以上時(shí)給予保肝治療。患者完成新輔助化療后均采用手術(shù)治療。

1.3 評(píng)價(jià)方法

1.3.1 療效判定標(biāo)準(zhǔn) 療效標(biāo)準(zhǔn)參照實(shí)體瘤療效評(píng)價(jià)新標(biāo)準(zhǔn)RECIST(response evaluation criteria in solid tumors)[6],將療效分為完全緩解(CR)、部分緩解(PR)、穩(wěn)定或無變化(SD)、進(jìn)展(PD)四類。CR:腫瘤完全消失且至少維持4周以上;PR:腫瘤體積縮小至少30%并至少維持4周以上;SD:腫瘤體積縮小不足30%或增大不足20%,無新病灶出現(xiàn),維持4周以上;PD:腫瘤體積增大超過20%,或出現(xiàn)新病灶。以CR+PR統(tǒng)計(jì)總有效率。

1.3.2 觀察指標(biāo) 統(tǒng)計(jì)并對(duì)比兩組患者的近期療效及3年生存率。

1.4 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法

采用SPSS19.0進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理,計(jì)量資料用(x±s)表示,計(jì)數(shù)資料采用χ2檢驗(yàn),生存率用小樣本資料的生存率分析,用Kallan-Mcierchart階梯圖表示,P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。

2 結(jié)果

2.1 兩組患者近期療效比較

TE組患者的總有效率為78.3%(18/23),TEC組患者的總有效率為80.0%(32/40),兩組患者對(duì)比無顯著差異(χ2=0.160,P>0.05)。見表1。

2.2 兩組患者3年生存率比較

3年生存率統(tǒng)計(jì)結(jié)果顯示,TE組患者生存17例,生存率為73.9%,TEC組患者生存37例,生存率為92.5%,TEC組患者的3年生存率顯著高于TE組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(χ2=7.339,P<0.05)。

3 討論

美國國立癌癥綜合網(wǎng)絡(luò)(national comprehensive cancer network,NCCN)指南指出[7],目前輔助化療的有效方案均可視為新輔助化療方案,臨床應(yīng)用較多的為蒽環(huán)類和紫杉類的二聯(lián)或三聯(lián)用藥。蒽環(huán)類藥物在乳腺癌的治療上已有多年應(yīng)用歷史,是初期乳腺癌患者化療治療的首選藥物[8-10],其作用機(jī)制與DNA結(jié)合有關(guān),屬于非特異性的細(xì)胞周期藥物。有文獻(xiàn)統(tǒng)計(jì)顯示[11],蒽環(huán)類藥物單藥治療乳腺癌的有效率在35%左右。多西他賽是從紫杉針葉中提取并經(jīng)過半合成制成,作用與紫杉醇相近,屬于新型的抗微管藥物,能夠特異性的作用于微管β位點(diǎn),重新改變微管序列,抑制微管重組,以達(dá)到抗腫瘤的目的[12],有文獻(xiàn)統(tǒng)計(jì)顯示[13],紫杉類藥物單藥治療乳腺癌的療效在60%左右,蒽環(huán)類和紫杉類藥物的聯(lián)用效果要明顯優(yōu)于兩類藥物的單藥治療,臨床報(bào)道結(jié)果顯示[14],此兩種藥物的聯(lián)合用藥治療有效率可達(dá)75%以上。表柔比星同樣屬于非特異性細(xì)胞周期藥物,能夠干擾癌細(xì)胞的轉(zhuǎn)錄過程,抑制DNA合成,從而起到抗腫瘤的療效[15]。環(huán)磷酰胺屬于磷酰胺基與氮芥結(jié)合成的一種新型化合物,能夠非特異性的殺死敏感性淋巴細(xì)胞,同時(shí)抑制癌細(xì)胞的增殖[16]。大量臨床文獻(xiàn)研究顯示[17,18],新輔助化療治療乳腺癌能夠創(chuàng)造手術(shù)機(jī)會(huì),改善預(yù)后,提高患者的生存率,肯定了新輔助化療的意義。

目前臨床對(duì)于治療乳腺癌的新輔助化療方案尚未達(dá)成統(tǒng)一認(rèn)知,Gianni等[19]的研究結(jié)果顯示,TEC方案用于Ⅱ、Ⅲ期乳腺癌患者的總有效率達(dá)到87.1%,5年生存率達(dá)到60.7%。Sweeting等[20]的對(duì)比研究顯示TE方案和TEC方案治療乳腺癌的近期療效相近,但TEC方案治療的患者5年生存率為59.4%,高于TE方案治療患者的42.9%。本次研究結(jié)果顯示,TE組患者的總有效率為78.3%(18/23),TEC組患者的總有效率為80.0%(32/40),兩組患者對(duì)比差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),但TE組患者生存17例,生存率為73.9%,TEC組患者生存37例,生存率為92.5%,TEC組患者的3年生存率顯著高于TE組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),提示TE和TEC方案治療乳腺癌的療效相近,但TEC方案的3年生存率更優(yōu)。該結(jié)果與多數(shù)學(xué)者的研究結(jié)論相一致。

綜上所述,多西他賽、表柔比星、環(huán)磷酰胺的新輔助化療方案用于乳腺癌患者的療效確切,3年生存率明顯高于多西他賽聯(lián)合表柔比星方案,值得臨床推廣應(yīng)用。

[參考文獻(xiàn)]

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[2] Patel T,Gupta A,Shah M. Pathological predictive factorsfor tumor response in locally advanced breast carcinomastreated with anthracyclin-based neoadjuvant chemotherapy[J]. J Cancer Res Ther,2013,9(2):245-249.

[3] 韓蕓蔚,溫紹艷,劉偉,等. 乳腺癌新輔助化療的臨床評(píng)價(jià)方法解析[J]. 中國腫瘤臨床,2011,38(7):415-418.

[4] Yao X,Hosenpud J,Chitambar CR,et al. A phase Ⅱstudy of concurrent docetaxel,epirubicin and cyclophosphamide as a neoadjuvant chemotherapy regimen in patientswith locally advanced breast cancer[J]. J Cancer,2012,49(3):145-151.

[5] Shimizu C,Ando M,Kouno T,et al. Current trends andcontroversies over pre-operative chemotherapy for womenwith operable breast cancer[J]. Jpn J Clin Oncol,2007,37(1):1-8.

[6] 肖宇,李惠平,雷玉濤,等. 乳腺癌新輔助化療療效及ER /PR,HER2,Ki67,Cyclin-2 的化療預(yù)測(cè)作用[J]. 中國微創(chuàng)外科雜志,2011,11(2):163-167.

[7] 劉晶晶,張瑾. 乳腺癌新輔助化療研究進(jìn)展[J]. 中華乳腺病雜志(電子版),2012,6(1):67-71.

[8] Nishimura R,Rai Y,Matsuo F,et al. Neoadjuvant epirubicin/docetaxel (et) concomitant chemotherapy for primarybreast cancer with tumor diameter≥3.1 cm:Results of theKyushu ET Therapy Phase Ⅱ Trial[J]. Anticancer Res,2012,32(8):3259-3265.

[9] 楊俊娥,陸蘇,劉紅. 不同新輔助化療方案治療乳腺癌近期療效觀察[J]. 中國腫瘤臨床,2011,38(7):405-408.

[10] 桑果,王本忠. TE 方案與TEC 方案在乳腺癌新輔助化療中的療效及毒性對(duì)比分析[J]. 安徽醫(yī)學(xué),2011,32(4):449-451.

[11] 王妍,賈羽峰,井明晰,等. 新輔助化療對(duì)乳腺癌的療效及影響因素分析[J]. 中國醫(yī)藥導(dǎo)報(bào),2013,10(11):45-47.

[12] Ellis MJ,Miller WR,Tao Y,et al. Aromatase expression and outcomes in theP024 neoadjuvant endocrine therapy trial[J]. Breast Cancer Research Andtreatment,2009,116(2): 371-378.

[13] Eiermann W,Paepke S,Appfelstaedt J,et al. Preoperative treatment ofpostmenopausal breast cancer patients with letrozole:A randomized double-blindmulticenter study[J].Annals of Oncology, 2011,12(11):1527-1532.

[14] Mauriac L,Debled M,Durand M,et al. Neoadjuvant tamoxifen forhormone-sensitive non-metastatic breast carcinomas in early postmenopausalwomen[J]. Annals of Oncology,2012,13(2):293-298.

[15] Sullivan PS,Apple SK. Should histologic type be taken into account whenconsidering neoadjuvant chemotherapy in breast carcinoma[J]. The Breastjournal,2009,15(2): 146-154.

[16] THerasse P,Mauriac L,Welnicka-Jaskiewicz M,et al. Final results of a randomized phase III trial comparing cyclophosphamide,epirubicin,and fluorouracil with a dose-intensified epirubicin and cyclophosphamicle+filgrastimas neoadjuvant treatment in locally advanced breast cancer:An EORTC-NCIC-SAKK multicenter study[J]. Journal of Clinical Oncology,2013,21(5):843-850.

[17] Jinno H,Sakata M,Hayashida T,et al. A phase II trial of capecitabine and docetaxel followed by 5-fluorouracil/epirubicin/cyclophosphamide (FEC) as preoperative treatment in women with stage II/III breast cancer[J]. Annals of Oncology,2010,21(6):1262-1266.

[18] 張旭冉. 乳腺癌新輔助化療的療效及預(yù)后分析[D]. 天津醫(yī)科大學(xué),2014.

[19] Gianni L,Eiermann W,Semiglazov V,et al. Neoadjuvant chemotherapy withtrastuzumab followed by adjuvant trastuzumab versus neoadjuvant chemotherapyalone,in patients with HER2-positive locally advanced breast cancer (the NOAH trial):A randomised controlled superiority trial with a parallel HER2-negativecohort[J]. The Lancet,2010,375(9712):377-384.

[20] Sweeting RS,K1auber-DeMore N,Meyers MO,et al. Young women with locally advanced breast cancer who achieve breast conservation after neoadjuvantchemotHerapy have a low local recurrence rate[J]. The American Surgeon,2011,77(7):850-855.

(收稿日期:2015-08-21)

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