臍帶間充質(zhì)干細胞移植對心力衰竭大鼠外周血CD+4CD+25Foxp+3Treg細胞表達的影響
趙子粼,葉常青,羅建春,馬利賢,馬武芝,梁曉輝,黃梁艷
(中國人民解放軍第三〇三醫(yī)院,南寧530021)
摘要:目的觀察心力衰竭(HF)大鼠血漿N端腦鈉肽前體(NT-proBNP)水平及CD`+4CD`+25Foxp`+3Treg細胞比例變化,評價臍帶間充質(zhì)干細胞(WJ-MSCs)移植對HF大鼠免疫激活狀態(tài)的影響。方法雄性Wistar大鼠48只,空白組(16只)不作處理正常飼養(yǎng);其余大鼠皮下注射異丙腎上腺素制造HF模型成功后,隨機分為干細胞移植組(16只)和模型組(16只)。干細胞移植組心肌內(nèi)注射WJ-MSCs懸液,模型組予心肌內(nèi)注射等量生理鹽水。4周用流式細胞技術測定外周血CD`+4CD`+25Foxp`+3Treg細胞比例,酶聯(lián)免疫吸附法測定三組大鼠血清中NT-proBNP及TNF-α、IL-10水平,并取大鼠心臟組織行免疫組化染色。結果HF大鼠血漿NT-proBNP、TNF-α均高于空白組,外周血CD`+4CD`+25Foxp`+3Treg細胞比例及IL-10水平低于空白組(P<0.05);移植后4周,與模型組比較干細胞移植組NT-proBNP、TNF-α水平明顯降低,外周血CD`+4CD`+25Foxp`+3Treg細胞比例及IL-10水平升高(P均<0.05);CD`+4CD`+25Foxp`+3Treg細胞比例與血漿NT-proBNP水平呈負相關(r=-0.634,P<0.05)。結論 WJ-MSCs移植可顯著提高HF大鼠外周血CD`+4CD`+25Foxp`+3Treg細胞比例,抑制炎癥反應,改善HF癥狀。
關鍵詞:心力衰竭;臍帶間充質(zhì)干細胞;CD`+4CD`+25Foxp`+3Treg細胞;大鼠
doi:10.3969/j.issn.1002-266X.2015.41.005
中圖分類號:R541.6
文獻標志碼:A
文章編號:1002-266X(2015)41-0013-03
基金項目:廣西壯族自治區(qū)衛(wèi)生廳自籌經(jīng)費科研課題(Z2013542)。
作者簡介:第一趙子粼(1972-),男,副主任醫(yī)師,博士,主要從事心血管疾病的基礎和臨床研究工作。E-mail:no0@163.com
Abstract:Objective To observe the levels of N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT- proBNP) and the percentage change of CD`+4 CD`+25 Foxp`+3 Treg cells in rats with heart failure (HF) and to evaluate the effect of Wharton's jelly mesenchymal stem cells (WJ-MSCs) transplantation on the immune activation of HF rats. MethodsForty-eight male Wistar rats were selected and 16 rats were fed normally without any treatment which was taken as the blank group, the rest of the rats were subcutaneously injected with isoprenaline to make the HF models, after the success of modeling, they were randomly divided into the stem cell transplantation group (n=16) and the model group (n=16). The rats in the stem cell transplantation group was administered with intramyocardial injection of WJ-MSCs suspension, while the rats in the model group was injected with the same amount of normal saline. Four weeks later, CD`+4 CD`+25 Foxp`+3 Treg cell proportion of the peripheral blood was detected by flow cytometry, the levels of NT-proBNP, TNF-α and IL-10 in the serum of the three groups were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the heart tissues of rats were collected for the immunohistochemical staining.Results The levels of NT-proBNP and TNF-α in the plasma of HF rats were significantly higher than those of the blank group, the CD`+4 CD`+25 Foxp`+3 Treg cell proportion in the peripheral blood and the level of IL-10 was significantly lower than that of the blank group (P<0.05). Four weeks after cell transplantation, compared with the model group, NT-proBNP and TNF-α were significantly decreased, while the CD`+4 CD`+25 Foxp`+3 Treg cell proportion in the peripheral blood and the IL-10 level were significantly increased in the stem cell transplantation group, and the difference was statistically significant (all P<0.05). There was negative correlation between the level of CD`+4 CD`+25 Foxp`+3 Treg cell and NT-proBNP expression (r=-0.634,P<0.05). Conclusion WJ-MSCs transplantation can significantly increase the CD`+4 CD`+25 Foxp`+3 Treg cell proportion in the peripheral blood of HF rats, inhibit inflammatory reaction and improve the symptoms of HF.
收稿日期:(2015-08-12)
Effect of WJ-MSCs transplantation on expression of CD+4CD+25
Foxp+3Treg cells in peripheral blood of rats with heart failure
ZHAOZi-lin,YEChang-qing,LUOJian-chun,MALi-xian,MAWu-zhi,LIANGXiao-hui,HUANGLiang-yan
(No. 303HospitalofPeople'sLiberationArmy,Nanning530021,China)
Key words: heart failure; umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells; CD+4CD+25Foxp+3Treg cells; rats
心力衰竭(HF)是各種心血管疾病的終末階段。諸多研究表明,在HF過程中大量炎癥因子異常表達,存在免疫激活[1,2],干細胞移植因為可抑制細胞凋亡、改善免疫功能,成為研究熱點[3]。隨著研究的不斷深入,人們發(fā)現(xiàn)臍帶間充質(zhì)干細胞(WJ-MSCs)較成人間充質(zhì)干細胞擁有更原始的免疫學特性,可作為干細胞的理想來源[4]。2013年6月~2015年1月,我們將WJ-MSCs應用于異丙基腎上腺素(ISO)誘導的HF大鼠,觀察WJ-MSCs移植對HF大鼠外周血調(diào)節(jié)性T細胞表達的影響。
1材料與方法
1.1實驗動物分組及處理采用雄性Wistar大鼠(購自廣西壯族自治區(qū)疾病與預防控制中心)共48只,體質(zhì)量190~220 g。其中空白組大鼠16只不作處理正常飼養(yǎng),其余大鼠按照文獻[5]報道的方法復制HF模型。制模成功后將HF大鼠隨機均衡分入干細胞移植組(16只)和模型組(16只),干細胞移植組予以心肌內(nèi)注射1 mL細胞懸液(含1×106個WJ-MSCs),模型組予心肌內(nèi)注射等量生理鹽水。WJ-MSCs由軍事醫(yī)學科學院制備及提供。
1.2心肌型態(tài)學觀察于WJ-MSCs移植4周后麻醉所有HF大鼠,心腔內(nèi)注射10%的氯化鉀溶液1 mL,使心臟停止于舒張期,迅速取出心臟,去除心臟表面多余組織,冰鹽水洗凈。將待測心臟標本于40 g/L甲醛溶液中固定24 h,隨后進行脫水、透明、浸蠟和包埋,垂直于心臟長軸連續(xù)切片,厚度3 μm,進行免疫組化染色,觀察心肌形態(tài)學改變。
1.3NT-proBNP、TNF-α、IL-10水平檢測在取出心臟標本前,通過心臟取出2 mL靜脈血,于抗凝管中靜置2 h,離心后分離血清取上清液,采用ELISA法檢測NT-proBNP、TNF-α、IL-10,操作按照試劑盒使用說明書進行。
1.4外周血CD+4CD+25Foxp+3Treg細胞檢測取100 μL 外周血單個核細胞(PBMC)懸液(1×107個PBMC/mL)分別加入Falcon管中,加入小鼠抗大鼠CD4-FITC、CD25-PE單抗各10 μL,4 ℃避光孵育20 min,緩沖液洗滌。然后加入1 mL固定透膜液,4 ℃避光孵育1 h,1 500 r/min離心5 min,2 mL透膜液洗滌2次,1 500 r/min離心5 min;加入封閉抗體和Foxp3-PEcy5,室溫避光孵育50 min;2 mL透膜液洗滌2次,1 500 r/min離心5 min;300 μL PBS 重懸細胞,立即上機檢測。根據(jù)前向散射光和側向散射光以淋巴細胞群設門,設置各通道之間的熒光補償后,對CD+4CD+25細胞比例進行檢測;以CD+4T淋巴細胞群設門,設置各通道之間的熒光補償后,對CD+4CD+25Foxp+3Treg細胞比例進行檢測。
1.5 統(tǒng)計學方法采用SPSS19.0統(tǒng)計軟件。計量資料以±s表示,多組間比較采用方差分析,兩兩比較采用LSD-t檢驗;CD+4CD+25Foxp+3Treg細胞比例與NT-proBNP水平的關系采用Spearman相關分析。P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計學意義。
2 結果
2.1各組大鼠心肌形態(tài)學改變制模成功后1周HF大鼠心臟組織切片顯示存在大量心肌細胞壞死,多病灶變性病變,伴有炎性細胞浸潤,明顯的膠原纖維化。移植后4周,干細胞移植組與模型組心肌細胞壞死區(qū)域均縮小,干細胞移植組較模型組明顯改善。
2.2各組大鼠外周血炎性因子、T細胞亞群水平變化HF大鼠血漿NT-proBNP、TNF-α水平均高于空白組大鼠,外周血CD+4CD+25Foxp+3Treg細胞比例及IL-10水平低于空白組(P均<0.05);移植后4周,與模型組比較,干細胞移植組NT-proBNP、TNF-α水平降低,外周血CD+4CD+25Foxp+3Treg細胞比例及IL-10水平升高,差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(P均<0.05)。見表1。
表1 各組大鼠外周血炎性因子、T細胞亞群
水平比較( ± s)
表1 各組大鼠外周血炎性因子、T細胞亞群
組別nNT-proBNP(pg/mL)TNF-α(ng/L)IL-10(pg/mL)CD+4CD+25Foxp+3Treg(%)空白組 移植前1697.34±19.8624.21±4.5519.23±4.196.27±1.01 移植后4周1699.23±20.4724.33±4.6320.11±4.346.30±1.02模型組 移植前16763.71±147.14*69.54±12.74*23.26±5.04*4.46±0.83* 移植后4周12757.31±145.5162.53±11.9821.63±5.174.51±0.88干細胞移植組 移植前16761.56±146.35*68.48±12.60*24.31±5.26*4.39±0.78* 移植后4周15234.47±62.39#37.25±7.17#42.31±2.53#5.67±0.96#
注:與空白組同期比較,*P<0.05;與模型組移植后4周比較,#P<0.05。
2.3 CD+4CD+25Foxp+3Treg細胞與NT-proBNP水平的關系Spearman相關分析顯示, CD+4CD+25Foxp+3Treg細胞比例與血漿NT-proBNP水平呈負相關(r=-0.634,P<0.05),血漿NT-proBNP水平隨CD+4CD+25Foxp+3Treg細胞比例增高而降低。
3 討論
調(diào)節(jié)性T細胞是一類細胞膜上高表達IL-2受體鏈的CD+4T細胞亞群(CD+4CD+25Treg細胞),可通過分泌IL-10等抗炎性細胞因子發(fā)揮免疫抑制功能,在維持機體免疫應答穩(wěn)態(tài)和免疫耐受方面具有非常重要的作用[6,7]。進一步研究表明,CD+4CD+25Treg細胞發(fā)揮抑制自身免疫的功能需要Foxp3基因的穩(wěn)定持續(xù)和高水平表達,即CD+4CD+25Foxp+3Treg細胞才是具有抑制自身免疫功能的Treg細胞。在眾多炎癥細胞因子中,TNF-α可誘發(fā)心肌細胞凋亡,降低心肌收縮力,促進心肌重構,已被證實在HF中起重要作用[8]。動物實驗證實抑制TNF-α的表達有助于延緩心肌梗死后心室重塑[9,10]。通過調(diào)控炎癥細胞治療HF成為當前人們關注的課題之一。最新研究證實間充質(zhì)細胞(MSCs)除具有細胞修復及改善心功能的作用外,還具有抑制炎癥、免疫調(diào)節(jié)反應的作用[11]。MSCs不表達主要組織相容性復合體Ⅱ類抗原及協(xié)同共刺激分子,制造免疫豁免環(huán)境,發(fā)揮炎癥免疫調(diào)節(jié)作用。WJ-MSCs較其他MSCs擁有更強的分化增殖能力及更原始的免疫學特性,且不受倫理學限制,成為干細胞的理想來源[12]。
本研究發(fā)現(xiàn),空白組大鼠心功能正常時,T細胞亞群發(fā)揮正常調(diào)控作用,TNF-α和IL-10水平處于平衡狀態(tài)。造模成功的HF大鼠外周血T細胞亞群組成發(fā)生明顯紊亂,外周血CD+4CD+25Foxp+3Treg細胞比例明顯下降。由于HF的加重,模型組大鼠TNF-α水平升高,同時IL-10水平代償性升高,但IL-10增加不足以抵消TNF-α對心肌的損害,此時HF大鼠血漿NT-proBNP水平亦顯著增加,提示造模后HF大鼠炎性細胞因子占據(jù)優(yōu)勢,抗炎細胞因子的增加不足以對抗炎性細胞因子介導的心肌損傷作用。本研究結果顯示,在HF大鼠模型中,移植組給予WJ-MSCs治療可有效調(diào)節(jié)T細胞亞群功能失衡,表現(xiàn)為升高CD+4CD+25Foxp+3細胞比例,代表Th1細胞反應為主的炎癥因子TNF-α水平下降,表明促炎反應受到抑制;而代表Th2細胞反應為主的抗炎因子IL-10的水平則升高,表明抗炎反應受到了某種程度的加強。心肌形態(tài)學改變顯示,WJ-MSCs移植組HF大鼠受損心肌組織局部炎性細胞浸潤顯著減少,Treg細胞數(shù)目的增加,可有效保護心肌,改善炎癥反應,這可能是其治療HF的作用機制之一。
血漿NT-proBNP水平與心功能密切相關,其水平隨心功能降低而升高,NT-proBNP可作為診斷HF及判斷預后的血漿標志物[13]。在本研究中,經(jīng)過WJ-MSCs干預處理后,移植組大鼠血漿NT-proBNP水平較HF模型組下降,CD+4CD+25Foxp+3Treg細胞數(shù)目增加;CD+4CD+25Foxp+3Treg細胞數(shù)目與NT-proBNP水平呈負相關,此與相關研究報道一致[14]。
綜上所述,WJ-MSCs移植治療HF大鼠可顯著增加CD+4CD+25Foxp+3Treg細胞比例,促進IL-10的分泌,抑制炎癥因子TNF-α表達,調(diào)節(jié)全身炎癥反應紊亂,促進免疫平衡,從而改善HF癥狀。
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