趙 麗,李鄰峰
?
調(diào)節(jié)性T細(xì)胞在變應(yīng)性接觸性皮炎中的作用
趙 麗,李鄰峰
趙 麗
[摘要]調(diào)節(jié)性T細(xì)胞是一類具有免疫調(diào)節(jié)作用的T細(xì)胞亞群。近年來(lái)研究發(fā)現(xiàn)調(diào)節(jié)性T細(xì)胞除了CD4+CD25+Foxp3+T細(xì)胞外,還有多種亞型,通過(guò)多種免疫調(diào)節(jié)機(jī)制作用于效應(yīng)細(xì)胞和抗原提呈細(xì)胞發(fā)揮免疫抑制作用,參與機(jī)體多種炎癥和自身免疫相關(guān)疾病。變應(yīng)性接觸性皮炎是一種常見(jiàn)的炎癥性皮膚病,是抗原特異性T細(xì)胞介導(dǎo)的皮膚超敏反應(yīng)。調(diào)節(jié)性T細(xì)胞通過(guò)多種免疫調(diào)節(jié)通路,在其致敏階段和誘發(fā)階段均發(fā)揮重要作用,從而阻止弱抗原引發(fā)的接觸性皮炎,減弱強(qiáng)抗原引發(fā)的皮膚炎癥反應(yīng)。
[關(guān)鍵詞]皮炎,接觸性,變應(yīng)性;T細(xì)胞,調(diào)節(jié)性;皮膚超敏反應(yīng);免疫
[J Pract Dermatol, 2015, 8(3):201-204]
接觸性皮炎(contact dermatitis,CD)是一種常見(jiàn)的炎癥性皮膚疾病,通常將接觸性皮炎分為兩種,即刺激性接觸性皮炎(irritant contact dermatitis,ICD)和變應(yīng)性接觸性皮炎(allergic contact dermatitis,ACD)。皮膚超敏反應(yīng)(cutaneous hypersensitivity,CHS)是一種由抗原特異性T細(xì)胞活化引起的遲發(fā)型變態(tài)反應(yīng)(delayed allergy,DTH),但不同于經(jīng)典的DTH。CHS的發(fā)生需要表皮接觸致敏的化學(xué)物質(zhì),由表皮的朗格漢斯細(xì)胞(langerhans' cell,LCs)和真皮的樹(shù)突細(xì)胞(dendritic cells,DCs)等抗原提呈細(xì)胞(antigen presenting cell,APC)提呈抗原,活化效應(yīng)T細(xì)胞,從而介導(dǎo)皮膚炎癥反應(yīng)[1]。盡管已針對(duì)半抗原、APC、效應(yīng)T細(xì)胞等提出多種學(xué)說(shuō)[2],目前仍無(wú)法明確解釋針對(duì)某一種特定半抗原部分患者發(fā)生ACD,而大部分人接觸卻沒(méi)有反應(yīng)。近10年來(lái)研究發(fā)現(xiàn),調(diào)節(jié)性T細(xì)胞(regulatory T cell,Tregs)在ACD發(fā)生發(fā)展中發(fā)揮著不可忽視的作用。目前發(fā)現(xiàn)Tregs有多種分型,在ACD中主要集中研究CD4+CD25+Foxp3+Tregs的功能。我們將介紹Tregs的分型、作用機(jī)制及Tregs在ACD中的作用。
Tregs是一類具有免疫調(diào)節(jié)作用的T細(xì)胞亞群,1970年Gershon提出T細(xì)胞中有具有抑制免疫作用的調(diào)節(jié)性細(xì)胞[3]。1970s—1980s發(fā)現(xiàn)抑制性T細(xì)胞可產(chǎn)生多種抑制性因子,介導(dǎo)其免疫抑制作用[4]。90年代發(fā)現(xiàn)CD4+CD25+T細(xì)胞與自身免疫相關(guān)疾病相關(guān),它能夠抑制效應(yīng)T細(xì)胞的活化和功能,是一類獨(dú)特的具有免疫調(diào)節(jié)功能的細(xì)胞[5,6]。2003年發(fā)現(xiàn)CD4+CD25+特異的轉(zhuǎn)錄調(diào)節(jié)因子Foxp3,其對(duì)Tregs形成和功能均有重要作用[7,8]。CD4+CD25+Foxp3+成為重點(diǎn)研究的Tregs,后陸續(xù)發(fā)現(xiàn)多種新型的Tregs,目前發(fā)現(xiàn)的Tregs主要有以下7種類型。
①胸腺產(chǎn)生的天然Tregs(nTregs):為CD4+CD25+Foxp3+表達(dá)細(xì)胞,分泌 IL-10、TGF-β[9],在過(guò)敏反應(yīng)中具有抑制DCs、效應(yīng)性 T 細(xì)胞(Th1、Th2、Th17細(xì)胞)功能和遷移,可抑制介導(dǎo)皮膚炎癥反應(yīng)的CD8+T細(xì)胞[2],與口服耐受的建立有關(guān)[10]。
②外周淋巴器官產(chǎn)生的誘導(dǎo)型Tregs(iTregs):為CD4+CD25+Foxp3+表達(dá)細(xì)胞,由外源性抗原誘導(dǎo)幼稚型CD4+T細(xì)胞在轉(zhuǎn)化生長(zhǎng)因子(TGF)-β作用下分化產(chǎn)生[9],作用與nTregs相似, IL-2對(duì)其發(fā)生和增生有重要作用[11]。研究發(fā)現(xiàn)特應(yīng)性皮炎患兒外周血中Tregs比例下降[12]。
③Tr1細(xì)胞:CD4+Foxp3-表達(dá)細(xì)胞,由外源性抗原誘導(dǎo)非Tregs 前體細(xì)胞分化產(chǎn)生,分泌白細(xì)胞介素(IL)-10,依賴IL-10、TGF-β、CTLA-4等發(fā)揮抑制作用[13],可阻止DCs的成熟和IL-12的釋放,從而損害DCs活化半抗原特異性Th1和效應(yīng)細(xì)胞CD8+的功能[1]。
④Th3細(xì)胞:CD4+Th3在口服耐受中發(fā)現(xiàn),體外在TGF-β、IL-4、IL-10和抗IL-12作用下刺激Th前體形成,通過(guò)特定抗原模式產(chǎn)生TGF-β,發(fā)揮免疫抑制作用[14]。
⑤CD8+Tregs:為Foxp3+CD8+Tregs,由幼稚型CD8+T細(xì)胞在IL-4 和IL-12存在的條件下產(chǎn)生,分泌IL-10、腫瘤壞死因子(TNF)-α、干擾素(IFN)-γ、顆粒酶B,在過(guò)敏反應(yīng)中的主要作用為抑制幼稚和效應(yīng)T細(xì)胞活化,抑制IgG/IgE抗體反應(yīng),抑制IL-4表達(dá)[15]。
⑥IL-17分泌型Tregs:人 CCR6+IL-17-producing Foxp3+Tregs由 CD4+Foxp3+CCR6-Tregs 在T細(xì)胞受體刺激下,在IL-1β、IL-2、IL-21、IL-23、人血清存在的條件下在外周血或淋巴組織中分化產(chǎn)生,表達(dá)RORγt,可強(qiáng)烈抑制CD4+效應(yīng)T細(xì)胞增殖[16]。
⑦iTR35細(xì)胞:在IL-35作用下誘導(dǎo)初始T細(xì)胞形成,不表達(dá)Foxp3,通過(guò)特異性產(chǎn)生和分泌IL-35發(fā)揮其抑制作用[17,18]。
Tregs在多種自身免疫疾?。ㄈ?型糖尿病、炎癥性腸?。┲衅鹬匾饔茫部蓞⑴c抑制性如ACD、排斥反應(yīng)等多種外源性免疫反應(yīng)。其作用機(jī)制可概括為以下兩個(gè)方面,一方面是直接作用于CD8+T細(xì)胞、CD4+T細(xì)胞、肥大細(xì)胞、自然殺傷(NK)細(xì)胞、NKT細(xì)胞等效應(yīng)細(xì)胞。作用途徑包括:①通過(guò)分泌抑制性細(xì)胞因子如IL-10、TGF-β、IL-35,作用于效應(yīng)細(xì)胞[19];②通過(guò)顆粒素、穿孔素介導(dǎo)細(xì)胞凋亡,通過(guò)半乳凝素介導(dǎo)細(xì)胞休止[19],通過(guò)有效爭(zhēng)奪IL-2[20],導(dǎo)致效應(yīng)細(xì)胞前凋亡因子Bim介導(dǎo)的細(xì)胞凋亡;③干擾細(xì)胞代謝,通過(guò)CD39/Cd73[21]。另一方面是通過(guò)作用于APC,抑制APC的成熟、減少APC共刺激的形成,間接影響效應(yīng)細(xì)胞。作用途徑包括:①影響通過(guò)細(xì)胞毒性T細(xì)胞抗原-4(CTLA-4)和淋巴細(xì)胞功能相關(guān)抗原-1(LFA-1)下調(diào)CD80和CD86刺激,導(dǎo)致色氨酸異化為犬尿素(T細(xì)胞的毒性因子)。另外下調(diào)CD80和CD86的表達(dá),DCs功能受損導(dǎo)致T細(xì)胞成長(zhǎng)因子IL-2減少,從而影響CD8+效應(yīng)細(xì)胞,但Tregs并不影響記憶細(xì)胞的形成[1];②通過(guò)淋巴細(xì)胞活化基因(LAG-3)作用于MHC II 型APCs,抑制APCs的成熟[21];③表達(dá)類纖維蛋白原蛋白(FGL2)[15];④表達(dá)神經(jīng)纖維蛋白-1(Nrp-1)[19]。
1998年Cavani發(fā)現(xiàn)鎳過(guò)敏者外周血有鎳特異性CD4+和CD8+細(xì)胞,而非過(guò)敏者有鎳特異性CD4+T細(xì)胞,CD8+T細(xì)胞是ACD的效應(yīng)細(xì)胞,而CD4+具有抑制CD8+形成和功能的作用[22],此發(fā)現(xiàn)引發(fā)了Tregs在ACD中的作用的研究。雖然目前發(fā)現(xiàn)多種分型的Tregs,但在ACD中主要研究天然型和誘導(dǎo)型的CD4+CD25+Foxp3+Tregs。ACD是一種特殊類型的DHS,其發(fā)生需要皮膚直接接觸半抗原、表皮LCs和真皮DCs提呈抗原、抗原特異性效應(yīng)T細(xì)胞的活化。因此Tregs在ACD中的作用機(jī)制雖然與上述內(nèi)容有一致性,但也有其特殊之處。
3.1 CHS的發(fā)病過(guò)程
CHS分為皮膚致敏和誘發(fā)兩個(gè)階段。在致敏階段,半抗原通過(guò)天然免疫系統(tǒng)直接或間接活化角質(zhì)形成細(xì)胞和肥大細(xì)胞,這些活化的角質(zhì)形成細(xì)胞和肥大細(xì)胞產(chǎn)生大量的化學(xué)遞質(zhì),從而活化皮膚DCs,后者捕獲抗原,開(kāi)始成熟,通過(guò)輸入淋巴管浸潤(rùn)到淋巴結(jié)。在淋巴結(jié)中DCs提呈抗原給初始T細(xì)胞,抗原特異性分化、增生形成效應(yīng)T細(xì)胞[23]。Tregs可影響DCs的功能,抑制效應(yīng)T細(xì)胞的形成。在誘發(fā)階段,當(dāng)再次接觸相同抗原時(shí),角質(zhì)形成細(xì)胞和肥大細(xì)胞活化,產(chǎn)生大量化學(xué)遞質(zhì),活化上皮細(xì)胞,引起炎性細(xì)胞浸潤(rùn),包括抗原特異性T細(xì)胞。浸潤(rùn)的抗原特異性效應(yīng)T細(xì)胞活化,產(chǎn)生促炎因子和趨化因子,活化角質(zhì)形成細(xì)胞引發(fā)進(jìn)一步的炎性細(xì)胞浸潤(rùn)。除了抑制效應(yīng)T細(xì)胞,Tregs也浸潤(rùn)炎癥部位,發(fā)揮抑制功能。一些浸潤(rùn)的Tregs返回淋巴結(jié),作用于炎癥的消除,這些細(xì)胞有些成為記憶細(xì)胞,在機(jī)體下次接觸相同物質(zhì)時(shí)可迅速發(fā)揮免疫抑制作用[24]。
3.2 Tregs在致敏階段的作用
Tregs在皮膚致敏過(guò)程中可根據(jù)環(huán)境因素發(fā)揮兩種不同的作用,一個(gè)重要的因素是免疫刺激的強(qiáng)度[25]。一種情況是類似二硝基氟代苯(DNFB)、乙二酸(OXA)強(qiáng)過(guò)敏原引發(fā)正常小鼠致敏后,Tregs可限制免疫反應(yīng)和效應(yīng)T細(xì)胞的活性,來(lái)抑制過(guò)度、潛在的破壞反應(yīng)。另一種情況是它們可以阻止弱過(guò)敏原致敏的發(fā)生。Vocanson等[26]發(fā)現(xiàn)在老鼠模型中,由弱的過(guò)敏原(三種香味過(guò)敏劑)不能引發(fā)正常小鼠的ACD,但當(dāng)小鼠去除CD4+細(xì)胞后,可觀察到CD8效應(yīng)細(xì)胞和ACD的表現(xiàn),去除Tregs也可觀察到類似的反應(yīng)。
皮膚致敏成功的一個(gè)核心反應(yīng)就是抗原特異性T細(xì)胞的活化和克隆性增生,而這個(gè)過(guò)程是Tregs作用的重要靶點(diǎn)。Cavani等[27]發(fā)現(xiàn)在鎳過(guò)敏者和非過(guò)敏者的外周血中均存在鎳反應(yīng)性CD4+T細(xì)胞,但CD8+T細(xì)胞僅存在于鎳過(guò)敏者。鎳過(guò)敏患者效應(yīng)細(xì)胞是CD8+T細(xì)胞,可產(chǎn)生大量的IFN-γ,CD4+T細(xì)胞亞群可抑制CD8+效應(yīng)細(xì)胞的活性,而鎳非過(guò)敏者來(lái)源的鎳特異性CD4+T細(xì)胞產(chǎn)生更多IL-10、更少IFN-γ[22]。研究者發(fā)現(xiàn)鎳過(guò)敏者外周血CD25+細(xì)胞對(duì)金屬特異性CD4+和CD8+的抑制作用受損,非過(guò)敏者外周血CD25+Tregs表達(dá)CCR7+,可強(qiáng)烈抑制幼稚T細(xì)胞的活化[27],可見(jiàn)鎳過(guò)敏者Tregs的功能受損。
Tregs通過(guò)與皮膚APCs相互作用影響其成熟及功能。Cavani等[27]發(fā)現(xiàn)外周血中CD4+CD25+Tregs產(chǎn)生大量的IL-10和IL-5,但產(chǎn)生非常少的IFN-γ,這些細(xì)胞抑制單核細(xì)胞來(lái)源的DCs的分化及其誘發(fā)鎳特異性效應(yīng)細(xì)胞的作用。Tregs可分泌大量IL-10,IL-10對(duì)DCs誘發(fā)效應(yīng)細(xì)胞的皮膚反應(yīng)有重要作用[28]。Ring等[29]發(fā)現(xiàn)了Tregs與DCs通過(guò)細(xì)胞之間的縫隙連接相互作用,從而抑制DCs共刺激分子(ICOS)的產(chǎn)生。CD4+CD25+ICOS+Tregs是CD8+效應(yīng)細(xì)胞的重要調(diào)節(jié),可下調(diào)甚至完全抑制致敏反應(yīng)[30]。CD4+CD25+Tregs可利用Fas-Fasl限制DCs的啟動(dòng)功能,從而抑制CD8+介導(dǎo)的過(guò)敏反應(yīng)[31]。
3.3 Tregs在誘發(fā)階段的作用
Tregs在CHS過(guò)程中的誘發(fā)階段發(fā)揮著重要作用。羅育武等[32]發(fā)現(xiàn)ACD患者外周血Treg較正常者比例顯著下降。Reduat等[33]發(fā)現(xiàn)在擴(kuò)散型ACD患者的外周血CD4+CD25+細(xì)胞持續(xù)3周升高,而CD4+CD25+Foxp3+Treg第3周升高明顯,TGF-β明顯下降,但I(xiàn)L-10與對(duì)照組無(wú)明顯差異。Ring等[34]發(fā)現(xiàn)在小鼠模型中CD4+CD25+Tregs可抑制小鼠的皮膚過(guò)敏反應(yīng)和皮膚炎性細(xì)胞浸潤(rùn),這種抑制作用依賴IL-10,IL-10缺乏的小鼠無(wú)法抑制CHS的反應(yīng)。Tregs高表達(dá)CD39和CD73,將ATP轉(zhuǎn)換成腺苷,腺苷可抑制炎性細(xì)胞的活化,通過(guò)下調(diào)E-選擇素和P-選擇素在上皮細(xì)胞的表達(dá),抑制炎性細(xì)胞向皮膚的浸潤(rùn),抑制CHS的反應(yīng)[35,36]。利用轉(zhuǎn)基因鼠表達(dá)Kaede蛋白,該蛋白特異的熒光特性可作為標(biāo)志,來(lái)追蹤Tregs的活動(dòng)。使用此方法發(fā)現(xiàn)皮膚浸潤(rùn)的T細(xì)胞在穩(wěn)定和炎癥狀態(tài)下均由皮膚向淋巴結(jié)移動(dòng)[37,38],炎癥狀態(tài)下更有選擇性。皮膚來(lái)源的Tregs高表達(dá)CTLA-4和IL-10,比淋巴結(jié)來(lái)源的Tregs抑制作用更強(qiáng),有利于終止皮膚的炎癥反應(yīng)。
目前Tregs已發(fā)現(xiàn)多種分型,CD4+CD25+Foxp3+Tregs已發(fā)現(xiàn)在ACD中發(fā)揮重要作用,且筆者推測(cè)其他類型的Tregs在ACD也可能發(fā)揮重要作用。Tregs在ACD中的發(fā)病機(jī)制尚需深入研究,與Tregs相關(guān)的治療也在研究當(dāng)中,相信將會(huì)為ACD的治療提供新的方向。
【參 考 文 獻(xiàn)】
[1]Saint-Mezard P, Berard F, Dubois B, et al. Immune mechanisms in allergic contact dermatitis [M]. Georgetown:Landes Bioscience, 2004: 44-54.
[2]Vocanson M, Hennino A, Rozieres A. et al. Effector and regulatory mechanisms in allergic contact dermatitis [J]. Allergy, 2009, 64(12):1699-1714.
[3]Gershon RK, Kondo K. Cell interactions in the induction of tolerance: the role of thymic lymphocytes [J]. Immunology, 1970, 18(5):723-735.
[4]Ethan MS. Regulatory T cells in autoimmunity [J]. Annu Rev Immunol, 2000, 18(4):423-449.
[5]Sakaguchi S, Sakaguchi N, Asano M, et al. Immunologic selftolerance maintained by activated T cells expressing IL-2 receptor a-chains (CD25) [J]. J Immunol, 1995, 155(3):1151-1164.
[6]Suri-Payer E, Amar AZ, Thornton AM, et al. CD4+CD25+T cells inhibit both the induction and effector function of autoreactive T cells and represent a unique lineage of immunoregulatory cells [J]. J Immunol, 1998, 160(3):1212-1218.
[7]Hori S, Nomura T, Sakaguchi S. Control of regulatory T cell development by the transcription factor Foxp3 [J]. Science, 2003, 299(5609):1057-1061.
[8]Fontenot JD, Gavin MA, Rudensky AY. Foxp3 programs the development and function of CD4+CD25+regulatory T cells [J]. Nature Immunology, 2003, 4(4):330-337.
[9]Sakaguchi S, Chapat L, Goubier A, et al. Regulatory T Cells and Immune Tolerance [J]. Cell, 2008,133(5):775-787.
[10]Dubois B, Chapat L, Goubier A, et al. Innate CD4+CD25+regulatory T cells are required for oral tolerance and inhibition of CD8+T cells mediating skin inflammation [J]. Blood, 2003, 102(9):3295-3301.
[11]Zheng SG, Wang JH, Wang P, et al. IL-2 is essential for TGF-β to convert naive CD4+CD25-cells to CD25+Foxp3+regulatory T cells and for expansion of these cells [J]. J Immunol, 2007, 178(4):2018-2027.
[12]高宇, 陳仕勝, 馬新華, 等. 特應(yīng)性皮炎患兒外周血Th17細(xì)胞和CD4+CD25+T細(xì)胞失衡的研究 [J]. 中華皮膚科雜志, 2012, 45(6):415-418.
[13]Taylor A, Verhagen J, Blaser K, et al. Mechanisms of immune suppression by interleukin-10 and transforming growth factor-b: therole of T regulatory cells [J]. Immunology, 2006, 117(4):433-442.
[14]Weiner HL. Induction and mechanism of action of transforming growth factor-β secreting Th3 regulatory cells [J]. Immunol Rev, 2001, 182:207-214.
[15]Noble A, Giorgini A, Leggat JA. Cytokine-induced IL-10–secreting CD8 T cells represent a phenotypically distinct suppressor T-cell lineage [J]. Blood, 2006, 107(11): 4475-4483.
[16]Vooa KS, Wang YH, Santori FR, et al. Identification of IL-17-producing FOXP3 regulatory T cells in humans [J]. Proc Natl Acad Sci UAS, 2009, 106(12):4793-4798.
[17]Collison LW, Chaturvedi V, Henderson AL, et a1.IL-35-mediated induction of a potent regulatory T cell population [J]. Nat Immunol, 2010, 11(12):1093-1101.
[18]陶千山, 翟志敏. IL-35及其誘導(dǎo)產(chǎn)生的新型調(diào)節(jié)性T細(xì)胞-iTR35細(xì)胞 [J]. 國(guó)際免疫學(xué)雜志, 2013, 36(5):329-333.
[19]Shevach EM. Mechanisms of Foxp3+T regulatory cell-Mediated suppression [J]. Immunity, 2009, 30(5):636-645.
[20]Kastenmuller W, Gasteiger G, Subramanian N, et al. Regulatory T cells selectively control CD8+T cell effector pool size via IL-2 restriction [J]. J Immunol, 2011, 187(6):3186-3197.
[21]Vignali DA, Collison LW , Workman CJ. How regulatory T cells work [J]. Nat Rev Immunol, 2008, 8 (7):523-532.
[22]Cavani A, Mei D, Guerra E, et al. Patients with allergic contact dermatitis to nickel and nonallergic individuals display different nickel-specific T cell responses evidence for the presence of effector CD8+and regulatory CD4+T cell [J]. J Invest Dermatol, 1998, 111(4):621-628.
[23]Honda T, Egawa G, Grabbe S, et al. Update of immune events in the murine contact hypersensitivity model: Toward the understanding of allergic contact dermatitis [J]. J Invest Dermatol, 2013, 133(2):303-315.
[24]Pasparakis M, Haase I, Nestle FO. Mechanisms regulating skin immunity and inflammation [J]. Nat Rev Immunol, 2014, 14(5):289-301.
[25]Kimber I, Travis M, Martin S, et al. Immunoregulation of skin sensitization and regulatory T cells [J]. Contact Dermatitis, 2012, 67(4):179-183.
[26]Vocanson M, Hennino A, Cluzel-Taihardat C, et al. CD8+T cells are effector cells of contact dermatitis to common skin allergens in mice [J]. J Invest Dermatol, 2006, 126(4):815-820.
[27]Cavani A, Nasorri F, Ottaviani C, et al. Human CD25+Regulatory T cells maintain immune tolerance to nickel in healthy, nonallergic Individuals [J]. J Immunol, 2003, 171(11):5760-5768.
[28]Girard-Madoux MJ, Kel JM, Reizis B, et al. IL-10 controls dendritic cell-induced T-cell reactivation in the skin to limit contact hypersensitivity [J]. J Allergy Clin Immunol, 2012, 129(1):143-150.
[29]Ring S, Karakhanova S, Johnson T, et al. Gap junctions between regulatory T cells and dendritic cells prevent sensitization of CD8+ T cells [J]. J Allergy Clin Immunol, 2010, 125(1):237-246.
[30]Vocanson M, Rozieres A, Hennino A, et al. Inducible costimulator (ICOS) is a marker for highly suppressive antigen-specific T cells sharing features of TH17/TH1 and regulatory T cells [J]. J Allergy Clin Immunol, 2010, 126(2):280-289.
[31]Gorbachev AV, Fairchild RL. CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells utilize FasL as a mechanism to restrict DC priming functions in cutaneous immune responses [J]. Eur J Immunol, 2010, 40(7): 2006-2015.
[32]羅育武, 李嘉彥, 黃振明, 等. 變應(yīng)性接觸性皮炎患者外周血調(diào)節(jié)性T細(xì)胞的檢測(cè) [J]. 中國(guó)麻風(fēng)皮膚病雜志, 2009, 25(1):27-30
[33]Reduta T, Stasiak-Barmuta A, Laudanska H. CD4+CD25+and CD4+CD25 high regulatory T cells in disseminated and localized forms of allergic contact dermatitis: relation to specific cytokines [J]. Folia Histochem Cytobiol, 2011, 49(2):255-262.
[34]Ring S, Schafer SC, Mahnke K, et al. CD4+CD25+regulatory T cells suppress contact hypersensitivity reactions by blocking influx of effector T cells into inflamed tissue [J]. Eur J Immunol, 2006, 36(11):2981-2992.
[35]Ring S, Schafer SJ, Cronstein BN, et al. CD4+CD25+regulatory T cells suppress contact hypersensitivity reactions through a CD39, adenosine dependent mechanism [J]. J Allergy Clin Imunol, 2009, 123(6):1287-1296.
[36]Peiser M, Tralau T, Heidler J, et al. Allergic contact dermatitis: epidemiology, molecular mechanisms in vitro methods and regulatory aspects [J]. Cell Mol Life Sci, 2012, 69(5):763-781.
[37]Honda T, Miyachi Y, Kabashima K. Regulatory T cells in cutaneous immune responses [J]. J Dermatol Sci, 2011, 63(2):75-82.
[38]Tomura M, Honda T, Tanizaki H, et al. Activated regulatory T cells are the major T cell type emigrating from the skin during a cutaneous immune response in mice [J]. J Clin Invest, 2010, 120(3):883-893.
(本文編輯 敖俊紅)
作者單位:100191,北京大學(xué)第三醫(yī)院皮膚科(趙麗),首都醫(yī)科大學(xué)附屬友誼醫(yī)院皮膚科(李鄰峰)
The role of regulatory T cells in allergic contact dermatitis
ZHAO Li,LI Lin-feng
Department of Dermatology, Peking University Third Hospital, Beijing 100191, China
[Abstract]Regulatory T cells (Tregs) are a subset of T cells with immunoregulation activities. Recent studies have found that Tregs, apart from CD4+CD25+Foxp3+Tregs, play strong immunosuppression effects in the maintenance of self-tolerance and immune homeostasis, mainly by acting on effector cells and antigen presenting cells (APC) through multiple immunoregulatory pathways. Allergic contact dermatitis (ACD) is a common inflammatory skin disease, and also referred to as cutaneous hypersensitivity, is mediated by antigen-specific T cells. Tregs take an important part in allergic contact dermatitis, including preventing a weak hapteninduced contact dermatitis and reducing a strong hapten-induced cutaneous inflammation reaction.
[Key words]Dermatitis,contact,allergic;T cells,regulatory;Cutaneous hypersensitivity;Immunity
收稿日期(2014-06-04 修回日期 2014-07-29)
通訊作者:李鄰峰,E-mail: zoonli@sina.com
作者簡(jiǎn)介:趙麗,在讀博士研究生,住院醫(yī)師,研究方向:過(guò)敏性皮膚病,E-mail: psychlife@163.com
DOI:10.11786/sypfbxzz.1674-1293.20150313
[文章編號(hào)]1674-1293(2015)03-0201-04
[文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼]A
[中圖分類號(hào)]R697.1