劉新農(nóng),劉 秀,李天佳,王占啟,倪 冷,劉 暴,劉昌偉
中國(guó)醫(yī)學(xué)科學(xué)院 北京協(xié)和醫(yī)學(xué)院 北京協(xié)和醫(yī)院血管外科,北京 100730
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·論著·
誘導(dǎo)劑作用時(shí)間對(duì)3T3-L1前脂肪細(xì)胞系分化的影響
劉新農(nóng),劉秀,李天佳,王占啟,倪冷,劉暴,劉昌偉
中國(guó)醫(yī)學(xué)科學(xué)院北京協(xié)和醫(yī)學(xué)院北京協(xié)和醫(yī)院血管外科,北京 100730
摘要:目的觀察不同誘導(dǎo)劑作用時(shí)間對(duì)3T3-L1前脂肪細(xì)胞系分化的影響。方法參照傳統(tǒng)雞尾酒法,分別在作用時(shí)間為2 d(A組,傳統(tǒng)法),3 d(B組)、4 d(C組,改良法)條件下誘導(dǎo)分化,采用倒置顯微鏡觀察細(xì)胞形態(tài),油紅O染色及三酰甘油檢測(cè)脂肪含量,臺(tái)盼藍(lán)染色鑒定細(xì)胞活力。結(jié)果A組3T3-L1 前脂肪細(xì)胞轉(zhuǎn)化率在80%以上的樣本數(shù)(n=12)占該組所有樣本數(shù)(n=18)的66%,而B、C兩組中所有樣本(n=18)的3T3-L1 前脂肪細(xì)胞轉(zhuǎn)化率均在80%以上。油紅O染色定量檢測(cè)結(jié)果顯示,C組510nm處的OD值為2.59±0.17,明顯高于A組的2.12±0.47 (F=6.62,P=0.0001)和B組的2.20±0.17 (F=5.15,P=0.0001),A、B兩組間差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(F=1.14,P=0.74)。C組的三酰甘油含量為(1351.04±119.01)ng/ml,明顯高于A組的(1077.88±272.75)ng/ml (F=6.73,P=0.001)和B組的(1089.38±115.39)ng/ml(F=5.78,P=0.001),A、B兩組間差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(F=0.27,P=0.64)。臺(tái)盼藍(lán)染色結(jié)果顯示,A、B、C 3組細(xì)胞的活力分別為(98.3±1.2)%、(98.5±1.8)%、(98.9±2.1)%,3組間差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(F=0.18,P=0.83)。結(jié)論改良法3T3-L1前脂肪細(xì)胞誘導(dǎo)法能提高脂肪細(xì)胞轉(zhuǎn)化率,可作為高效誘導(dǎo)脂肪細(xì)胞模型的方法之一。推薦作用時(shí)間為3 d的改良法誘導(dǎo)方案。
關(guān)鍵詞:3T3-L1;前脂肪細(xì)胞系;脂肪細(xì)胞模型;轉(zhuǎn)化率
ActaAcadMedSin,2016,38(3):271-274
成熟脂肪細(xì)胞是體外研究脂肪代謝及肥胖相關(guān)疾病機(jī)制的重要細(xì)胞模型[1- 3],3T3-L1前脂肪細(xì)胞系是最常用來(lái)誘導(dǎo)分化為成熟脂肪細(xì)胞的細(xì)胞系之一[4]。傳統(tǒng)的3T3-L1前脂肪細(xì)胞誘導(dǎo)法是將一定劑量的3-異丁基- 1-甲基黃嘌呤(3-isobutyl- 1-methylxanthine,IBMX)、地塞米松、胰島素序貫加入3T3-L1前脂肪細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)液中,故稱為雞尾酒法[5]。然而,傳統(tǒng)的雞尾酒法存在分化不穩(wěn)定、轉(zhuǎn)化率低且不一致的缺點(diǎn)[6]。此外,文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道傳統(tǒng)雞尾酒法還受3T3-L1細(xì)胞代數(shù)及細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)皿的影響[7- 8]。本研究比較了不同誘導(dǎo)劑作用時(shí)間對(duì)3T3-L1前脂肪細(xì)胞誘導(dǎo)分化成熟脂肪細(xì)胞的影響,以期尋找一種高效的成熟脂肪細(xì)胞誘導(dǎo)方法。
材料和方法
材料和試劑高糖DMEM培養(yǎng)基、胰酶、新生小牛血清(new calf serum,NCS)、胎牛血清(fetal bovine serum,F(xiàn)BS)購(gòu)自美國(guó)Gibco公司,IBMX、地塞米松、胰島素、油紅O染料購(gòu)自德國(guó)Sigma公司;3T3-L1前脂肪細(xì)胞系購(gòu)自國(guó)家實(shí)驗(yàn)細(xì)胞資源共享平臺(tái)中國(guó)醫(yī)學(xué)科學(xué)院基礎(chǔ)研究所細(xì)胞中心,該研究所用細(xì)胞系代數(shù)均控制在3~8代之間。
實(shí)驗(yàn)分組參照傳統(tǒng)雞尾酒誘導(dǎo)法[9],根據(jù)3種誘導(dǎo)劑(IBMX 0.5 mmol/L、胰島素10 μg/ml、地塞米松1 μmol/L)作用時(shí)間不同設(shè)置為A組(2 d,n=18,傳統(tǒng)組),B、C 組(3、4 d,n均=18,改良組),各組細(xì)胞均采用6孔細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)板培養(yǎng)(美國(guó)Costar/Corning公司)。
誘導(dǎo)劑配置
IBM溶液:11.5 mg IBMX+940 μl 超凈水+60 μl 1 mol/L NaOH,4 ℃保存,用時(shí)1 ml培養(yǎng)基加10 μl IBMX溶液,終濃度為0.5 mmol/L。
胰島素溶液:10 mg 胰島素粉劑+10 ml 0.01 mol/L HCI溶液,4 ℃保存,用時(shí)1 ml培養(yǎng)基加10 μl 胰島素溶液,終濃度為10 μg/ml。
地塞米松溶液:2 mg 地塞米松+50 ml 無(wú)水乙醇,4 ℃保存,用時(shí)1 ml培養(yǎng)基加10 μl地塞米松溶液,終濃度為1 μmol/L。
3T3-L1前脂肪細(xì)胞系誘導(dǎo)分化3T3-L1前脂肪細(xì)胞系復(fù)蘇,用含10%NCS高糖DMEM培養(yǎng)基培養(yǎng)。待細(xì)胞長(zhǎng)滿后傳代并以1×105密度傳代接種于6孔細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)板。在6孔細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)板培養(yǎng)細(xì)胞約2 d,即細(xì)胞呈匯合狀態(tài),繼續(xù)培養(yǎng)使得細(xì)胞接觸抑制2 d。細(xì)胞接觸抑制2 d結(jié)束時(shí)標(biāo)記為Day 0,加入含有3種誘導(dǎo)劑(IBMX 0.5 mmol/L、胰島素10 μg/ml、地塞米松1 μmol/L)的10%FBS高糖培養(yǎng)基培養(yǎng)(記為0 d)。根據(jù)A、B、C各組細(xì)胞誘導(dǎo)劑作用時(shí)間分別于2、3、4 d置換含有胰島素(10 μg/ml)的培養(yǎng)基繼續(xù)培養(yǎng)2 d,隨后每2 d換含10%FBS高糖DMEM培養(yǎng)基即可。上述細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)過(guò)程中,每6孔細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)板每孔加2 ml培養(yǎng)基。
油紅O染色鑒定及轉(zhuǎn)化率計(jì)算分別于4、6、8、10 d動(dòng)態(tài)觀察A、B、C各組細(xì)胞形態(tài)變化并拍照(蔡司倒置顯微鏡Axio Observer D1)。于10 d收集各組細(xì)胞行油紅O染色并定量。具體為:棄去培養(yǎng)液用PBS溶液輕輕洗3遍,4%甲醛溶液固定1 h,用PBS沖洗后加入油紅O溶液(1 ml/孔)室溫靜置30 min,成熟脂肪細(xì)胞則被油紅O染料染成紅色。鏡下觀察拍照后經(jīng)計(jì)算機(jī)掃描圖片后行圖像分析,各細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)孔中成熟脂肪細(xì)胞轉(zhuǎn)化率計(jì)算方法為:隨機(jī)選擇3個(gè)不同視野,計(jì)算每一個(gè)視野下紅色細(xì)胞數(shù)目占該視野中所有細(xì)胞數(shù)目的百分比,并取3者平均值為該孔中成熟脂肪細(xì)胞轉(zhuǎn)化率。不同組間脂肪細(xì)胞轉(zhuǎn)化率之間的比較則采用轉(zhuǎn)化率在80%以上的細(xì)胞樣本數(shù)量與該組所有細(xì)胞樣本數(shù)量之比。隨后,去除油紅O溶液,并用PBS溶液沖洗3遍,每孔加入600 μl/孔異丙醇溶液,室溫靜置30 min,將各孔中異丙醇溶液轉(zhuǎn)移至96孔板(200 μl/孔),每個(gè)孔樣本均設(shè)3個(gè)復(fù)孔,最后用酶標(biāo)儀讀取510nm OD值。
三酰甘油檢測(cè)在10 d收集各組細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)液,2500 ×g離心5 min,收集上清液。采用酶聯(lián)免疫吸附法(試劑盒購(gòu)自北京科盈美科技有限公司)檢測(cè)上清液中三酰甘油含量,操作步驟參照試劑盒說(shuō)明書。
臺(tái)盼藍(lán)細(xì)胞活力檢測(cè)在10 d,各組細(xì)胞經(jīng)0.125%胰酶加0.05%EDTA消化,吹打成細(xì)胞懸液。50 μl 細(xì)胞懸液加等體積0.4%臺(tái)盼藍(lán)溶液混勻,37 ℃孵育3 min 后顯微鏡下計(jì)數(shù)。細(xì)胞活率(%)=未染色的細(xì)胞數(shù)/觀察的細(xì)胞總數(shù)×100%。
統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理采用SPSS 17.0統(tǒng)計(jì)軟件,計(jì)數(shù)資料采用均數(shù)±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)誤表示,兩組資料之間比較采用Study-t檢驗(yàn),3組資料之間比較采用單因素方差分析,P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
結(jié)果
3T3-L1前脂肪細(xì)胞系轉(zhuǎn)化率正常狀態(tài)下,3T3-L1前脂肪細(xì)胞系呈纖維細(xì)胞狀態(tài),梭形,胞漿內(nèi)無(wú)脂滴;4 d時(shí)各組細(xì)胞形態(tài)均由梭形變成近圓形,體積較前增大,B、C兩組細(xì)胞見較多脂滴均勻分布在視野細(xì)胞中,而A組細(xì)胞此時(shí)僅見少量脂滴、呈不均勻分布;6 d時(shí)各組細(xì)胞脂滴進(jìn)一步增多,但與B、C兩組細(xì)胞比,A組含脂滴的細(xì)胞比例依然較低且不均勻;8 d時(shí)原始倍數(shù)視野下觀察發(fā)現(xiàn),B、C兩組細(xì)胞脂滴密度明顯高于A組細(xì)胞;10 d時(shí)各組細(xì)胞脂滴進(jìn)一步積累,可見較多脂滴融合,呈現(xiàn)出成熟脂肪細(xì)胞的特點(diǎn)。此時(shí),A組3T3-L1 前脂肪細(xì)胞轉(zhuǎn)化率在80%以上的樣本數(shù)(n=12)占該組所有樣本數(shù)(n=18)的66%,而B、C兩組中所有樣本(n=18)的3T3-L1 前脂肪細(xì)胞轉(zhuǎn)化率均在80%以上,但C組細(xì)胞內(nèi)脂滴與前兩組比略偏小(圖1)。
油紅O染色定量油紅O染色定量檢測(cè)結(jié)果顯示,C組510nm處的OD值為2.59±0.17,明顯高于A組的2.12±0.47 (F=6.62,P=0.0001)和B組的2.20±0.17 (F=5.15,P=0.0001),A、B兩組間差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(F=1.14,P=0.74)。
三酰甘油表達(dá)量三酰甘油含量檢測(cè)結(jié)果顯示,C組的三酰甘油含量為(1351.04±119.01)ng/ml,明顯高于A組的(1077.88±272.75)ng/ml (F=6.73,P=0.001)和B組的(1089.38±115.39)ng/ml(F=5.78,P=0.001),A、B兩組間差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(F=0.27,P=0.64)。
臺(tái)盼藍(lán)細(xì)胞活力臺(tái)盼藍(lán)染色結(jié)果顯示,A、B、C 3組細(xì)胞的活力分別為(98.3±1.2)%、(98.5±1.8)%、(98.9±2.1)%,3組間差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(F=0.18,P=0.83)。
討論
提供分化穩(wěn)定、數(shù)量一致成熟脂肪細(xì)胞模型在脂肪細(xì)胞相關(guān)研究中具有重要意義。本研究對(duì)比了3種誘導(dǎo)劑不同作用時(shí)間對(duì)3T3-L1前脂肪細(xì)胞系分化的影響。根據(jù)預(yù)實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果,同時(shí)為了不犧牲整個(gè)誘導(dǎo)分化過(guò)程總體時(shí)間,選擇分析2、3、4 d 3種不同作用時(shí)間。結(jié)果顯示,改良3T3-L1前脂肪細(xì)胞系誘導(dǎo)法可明顯提高3T3-L1前脂肪細(xì)胞系轉(zhuǎn)化效率。油紅O染色后圖像分析結(jié)果發(fā)現(xiàn),傳統(tǒng)雞尾酒法成熟脂肪細(xì)胞轉(zhuǎn)化率達(dá)80%以上細(xì)胞樣本數(shù)占該組所有細(xì)胞樣本數(shù)的比例僅為66%,與文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道波動(dòng)于50%~90%間類似[10]。推測(cè)該波動(dòng)范圍可能與誘導(dǎo)劑濃度及所用細(xì)胞代數(shù)及細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)皿不同有關(guān)[7-8,11]。本研究中,采用改良3T3-L1前脂肪細(xì)胞系誘導(dǎo)法,所有細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)孔成熟脂肪細(xì)胞轉(zhuǎn)化率均在80%以上,細(xì)胞活力檢測(cè)發(fā)現(xiàn)各組細(xì)胞活力均在95%以上,可用于后續(xù)體外細(xì)胞實(shí)驗(yàn)。
圖 13T3-L1前脂肪細(xì)胞系分化過(guò)程細(xì)胞形態(tài)變化及油紅O染色鑒定(4 d與6 d放大倍數(shù)為200倍,0 d與10 d放大倍數(shù)為100倍,8 d放大倍數(shù)為10倍)
Fig 1Results of cell morphology and Oil red “O” staining during the differentiation of the 3T3-L1 cell lines (Day 4 and 6 were magnified by 200,Day 0 and 10 by 100,and Day 8 by 10)
本研究結(jié)果顯示,在脂肪含量方面,誘導(dǎo)劑作用4 d的改良3T3-L1前脂肪細(xì)胞系誘導(dǎo)法,油紅O定量及三酰甘油定量均明顯高于誘導(dǎo)劑作用2、3 d組,推測(cè)可能與前脂肪細(xì)胞轉(zhuǎn)化率高有關(guān)。進(jìn)一步分析發(fā)現(xiàn),誘導(dǎo)劑作用3 d的脂肪含量與作用2 d的脂肪含量無(wú)明顯差異,推測(cè)可能與誘導(dǎo)劑作用3 d轉(zhuǎn)化率高,而同時(shí)誘導(dǎo)劑作用2 d盡管成熟脂肪細(xì)胞轉(zhuǎn)化率低但脂滴相對(duì)較大有關(guān)。組內(nèi)分析結(jié)果顯示,傳統(tǒng)3T3-L1前脂肪細(xì)胞系誘導(dǎo)法不同樣本脂肪含量差異明顯高于改良3T3-L1前脂肪細(xì)胞系誘導(dǎo)法。進(jìn)一步證明改良3T3-L1前脂肪細(xì)胞系誘導(dǎo)法可作為一種更有效的提供脂肪細(xì)胞模型的方法。Zhu等[12]也采用誘導(dǎo)劑作用3 d 模式進(jìn)行脂肪細(xì)胞誘導(dǎo)分化,但其未對(duì)脂肪含量進(jìn)行定量。
誘導(dǎo)劑濃度是影響誘導(dǎo)分化效率的重要因素[11]。對(duì)于IBMX與地塞米松而言,文獻(xiàn)中基本采用相對(duì)較為一致的藥物濃度,分別為0.5 mmol/L和1000 nm/L。胰島素用量則無(wú)統(tǒng)一數(shù)值,其用量波動(dòng)于0~1721 nm/L。本研究中胰島素用量采取其中間數(shù)值,即1000 nm/L。此外,采用改良3T3-L1前脂肪細(xì)胞系誘導(dǎo)法6~8 d就可以成功誘導(dǎo)成為成熟脂肪細(xì)胞,比文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道中的時(shí)間節(jié)省了3~4 d[13]。
綜上,本研究結(jié)果顯示,采用改良3T3-L1前脂肪細(xì)胞系誘導(dǎo)法可以提高成熟脂肪細(xì)胞轉(zhuǎn)化率,進(jìn)而為體外脂肪細(xì)胞實(shí)驗(yàn)有效提供分化較為一致的脂肪細(xì)胞模型。推薦誘導(dǎo)劑作用3 d為首選方案。此外,本研究采用6孔細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)板,細(xì)胞代數(shù)控制在3~8代,至于在其他細(xì)胞代數(shù)及細(xì)胞培養(yǎng)皿情況下,改良3T3-L1前脂肪細(xì)胞系誘導(dǎo)法是否適用有待進(jìn)一步研究證實(shí)。
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基金項(xiàng)目:國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金(81470585)Supported by the National Natural Sciences Foundation of China(81470585)
通信作者:劉昌偉電話:010- 69152501,電子郵件:liucw@vip.sina.com
中圖分類號(hào):R331
文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼:A
文章編號(hào):1000- 503X(2016)03- 0271- 04
DOI:10.3881/j.issn.1000- 503X.2016.03.005
Corresponding author:LIU Chang-weiTel:010- 69152501,E-mail:liucw@vip.sina.com
(收稿日期:2015- 08- 12)
Impact of the Action Time of Inducers on Differentiation of 3T3-L1 Cells
LIU Xin-nong,LIU Xiu,LI Tian-jia,WANG Zhan-qi,NI Leng,LIU Bao,LIU Chang-wei
Department of Vascular Surgery,PUMC Hospital,CAMS and PUMC,Beijing 100730,China
ABSTRACT:ObjectiveTo explore the effect of the action time of inducers on the differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells to adipocytes. MethodsAccording to the “Cocktail” method,3T3-L1 cells were divided into three groups according to the action time of inducers,with the action time being 2,3 or 4 days,respectively. Cell morphology was observed using inverted microscope and adipose content were detected by Oil red “O” staining and detection of triglyceride. The cell viability was identified by trypan blue staining method. ResultsThe proportion of samples (n=12) with differentiation rate above 80% in group A was 66% (12/18),while the differentiation rate of all the samples (n=18)in group B and group C were above 80%. For the Oil red “O”,the OD value at 510 nm in group C was 2.59±0.17,which was significantly higher than that in group A (2.12±0.47;F=6.62,P=0.0001)and group B (2.20±0.17;F=5.15,P=0.0001),while no significant difference was found between group A and group B (F=1.14,P=0.74). As for the triglyceride,the value in group C was (1351.04±119.01)ng/ml,which was significantly higher than that in group A[ (1077.88±272.75)ng/ml;F=6.73,P=0.001] and group B [(1089.38±115.39)ng/ml;F=5.78,P=0.001],while no difference was found between group A and group B (F=0.27,P=0.64). The cell viability in group A,B,and C was (98.3±1.2)%,(98.5±1.8)%,and (98.9±2.1)%,respectively,showing no significant difference (F=0.18,P=0.83). ConclusionsThe modified procedure for the differentiation of 3T3-L1 cells to adipocytes can increase the differentiation rate and thus may be applied for establishing adipocyte models. The recommended action time is three days.
Key words:3T3-L1;pre-adipocyte;adipocyte model;differentiation rate
中國(guó)醫(yī)學(xué)科學(xué)院學(xué)報(bào)2016年3期