于 鴻 張耿月 金禹龍 狄 娜 何春瑩 魏天雪 都韌秋
1.吉林省腫瘤防治研究所細胞生物研究室,吉林長春130012;2.吉林省腫瘤醫(yī)院病案室,吉林長春130012
宮頸癌患者外周血淋巴細胞亞群分布的差異分析
于鴻1張耿月1金禹龍1狄娜1何春瑩1魏天雪1都韌秋2▲
1.吉林省腫瘤防治研究所細胞生物研究室,吉林長春130012;2.吉林省腫瘤醫(yī)院病案室,吉林長春130012
目的檢測分析宮頸癌患者外周血淋巴細胞亞群的差異分布及臨床意義。方法采用流式細胞術(shù)檢測宮頸癌患者和健康對照成人外周血中CD3+、CD3+CD4+、CD3+CD8+、NK、NKT、CD8+CD28+、CD8+CD28-、CD3+HLA-DR+、CD3-HLA-DR+、Treg細胞的百分比,同時結(jié)合宮頸癌患者的臨床診斷分期做對比分析。結(jié)果與健康對照組比較,宮頸癌患者外周血中CD3+(P=0.0002)和CD3+CD4+T細胞百分比(P=0.0004)以及CD3+CD4+/CD3+CD8+比值(P=0.0256)顯著降低;宮頸癌患者CD3+CD8+T細胞百分比與對照組比較無顯著差異,但是隨著患者臨床分期的提高呈降低趨勢(P=0.0480)。NK細胞(P<0.0001)、活化T細胞(CD3+HLA-DR+:P<0.0001)、活化B細胞(CD3-HLA-DR+:P=0.0021)百分比顯著提高;細胞毒性T細胞(CD8+CD28+)細胞百分比降低(P=0.0006),抑制性T細胞(CD8+CD28-)百分比提高(P=0.0009);CD4+CD25brightT細胞(Treg)陽性細胞百分比與對照組比較沒有顯著差異,但CD4+CD25brightT細胞(Treg)在CD4+淋巴細胞中的百分比顯著高于對照組(P=0.0335)。宮頸癌患者外周血中CD8+CD28-/CD8+CD28+之比與對照組比較顯著提高(P<0.0001)。結(jié)論宮頸癌患者細胞免疫功能降低。精確分析宮頸癌患者的T淋巴細胞亞群變化對于臨床診斷、治療和預后評估具有重要的實際意義。
宮頸惡性腫瘤;淋巴細胞亞群;流式細胞術(shù);腫瘤免疫
[Abstract]Objective To test and analyze the differences of distribution of lymphocyte subsets in peripheral blood in the patients with cervical cancer and its clinical significance.Methods Percentages of CD3+,CD3+CD4+,CD3+CD8+,NK,NKT,CD8+CD28+,CD8+CD28-,CD3+HLA-DR+,CD3-HLA-DR+,Treg cells were tested in adult peripheral blood in the patients with cervical cancer and health controls via flow cytometry.Comparative analysis was conducted in combination with the clinical diagnosis staging in the patients with cervical cancer.Results Compared with the healthy control group,the percentages of CD3+(P=0.0002)and CD3+CD4+T cells(P=0.0004)in the peripheral blood in the patients with cervical cancer and CD3+CD4+/CD3+CD8+ratio(P=0.0256)were significantly reduced;the percentages of CD3+CD8+T cells in the patients with cervical cancer were not statistically significant compared with that in the control group,but with the increase of clinical staging,the percentage was in a decreasing trend(P=0.0480).The percentages of NK cells(P<0.0001),activated T cells(CD3+HLA-DR+:P<0.0001),and activated B cells(CD3-HLADR+:P=0.0021)were significantly improved;the percentage of toxic T cells(CD8+CD28+)was reduced(P=0.0006),and the percentage of inhibitive T cells(CD8+CD28-)was increased(P=0.0009);the percentage of CD4+CD25bright(Treg)cells was not significantly different from that in the control group,but the percentage of CD4+CD25bright(Treg)cells in CD4+lymphocytes was significantly higher than that in the control group(P=0.0335).CD8+CD28-/CD8+CD28+ratio in the peripheral blood in the patients with cervical caner was significantly increased compared with that in the control group(P<0.0001).Conclusion Cell immunological function is reduced in the patients with cervical cancer.Accurate analysis of the changes of T lymphocyte subsets in the patients with cervical cancer has important and practical significance in clinical diagnosis,treatment and prognosis evaluation.
[Key words]Cervical malignant tumor;Lymphocyte subsets;Flow cytometry;Tumor immunology
宮頸癌是女性中最常見的腫瘤,也是導致女性癌癥死亡的首要原因之一。其發(fā)生發(fā)展與免疫功能尤其是細胞免疫功能失調(diào)密切相關(guān)。此外,宮頸癌的預后也與腫瘤浸潤淋巴細胞中存在的免疫細胞類型有關(guān),如細胞毒性CD8+T細胞、CD4+T細胞、調(diào)節(jié)性T細胞等,具體涉及它們的數(shù)量、功能狀態(tài)及腫瘤細胞表達的相關(guān)配體等等[1]。本研究采用流式細胞術(shù)檢測宮頸癌患者和健康成人外周血中總T淋巴細胞(CD3+)、T輔助/誘導細胞(CD3+CD4+)、T抑制/細胞毒細胞(CD3+CD8+)百分比、自然殺傷細胞(nature killer cells,NK)、NK樣T細胞(NKT)、細胞毒性T細胞(CD8+CD28+)、抑制性T細胞(CD8+CD28-)、調(diào)節(jié)性CD4+CD25brightT細胞(Treg)、活化T細胞(CD3+HLA-DR+)、靜止T細胞(CD3+HLA-DR-)、活化B細胞(CD3-HLA-DR+)的百分比,計算并比較CD3+CD4+/CD3+CD8+比值,同時結(jié)合宮頸癌患者的臨床診斷分期做對比分析,為臨床診斷治療提供實驗依據(jù)。
1.1一般資料
選擇吉林省腫瘤醫(yī)院2014年1月~2015年12月期間經(jīng)病理確診為宮頸癌(鱗癌和腺鱗癌)且未經(jīng)手術(shù)、放化療的住院患者306例,排除嚴重感染或自身免疫病病例。患者平均年齡(51.62±6.88)歲(年齡范圍21~75歲)。健康對照來自本院體檢人群,共56例,均為女性,平均年齡(49.61±6.60)歲(年齡范圍25~71歲)。兩組年齡等一般資料比較,差異無統(tǒng)計學意義(P>0.05),具有可比性?;颊叩呐R床基本信息見表1。
表1 宮頸癌患者的基本臨床信息(n=306)
1.2方法
1.2.1試劑熒光標記的抗人抗體CD45-FITC/CD4-RD1/CD8-ECD/CD3-PC5(Catalog No:6607013),CD3-FITC/CD16+56-PE(Catalog No:A07735),CD3-FITC/ HLA-DR-PE(Catalog No:A07737),CD8-FITC(Catalog No:A07756),CD28-PE(Catalog No:IM2071U),CD4-FITC(CatalogNo:A07750),CD25-PE(CatalogNo:A07774),OptiLyse@C Lysis Solution(Catalog No:A11895)均為貝克曼公司產(chǎn)品。
1.2.2樣本制備每個樣本采集2 mL靜脈血。按照試劑說明書操作。每100 μL外周血加5~10 μL抗體,避光室溫孵育15~20 min后,OptiLyse@C Lysis Solution裂解紅細胞,離心后PBS洗1次,加500 μL PBS,上機檢測。采用Beckman Coulter Epics XL-MCL流式細胞儀,Expo32 ADC軟件獲取數(shù)據(jù),收集10000個細胞,Expo32 V1.2軟件分析數(shù)據(jù)。
1.3觀察指標
檢測宮頸癌患者和健康成人外周血中總T淋巴細胞(CD3+)、T輔助/誘導細胞(CD3+CD4+)、T抑制/細胞毒細胞(CD3+CD8+)百分比、自然殺傷細胞(nature killer cells,NK)、NK樣T細胞(NKT)、細胞毒性T細胞(CD8+CD28+)、抑制性T細胞(CD8+CD28-)、調(diào)節(jié)性CD4+CD25brightT細胞(Treg)、活化T細胞(CD3+HLADR+)、靜止T細胞(CD3+HLA-DR-)、活化B細胞(CD3-HLA-DR+)的百分比,計算并比較CD3+CD4+/CD3+CD8+比值,同時結(jié)合宮頸癌患者的臨床診斷分期進行對比分析。
1.4統(tǒng)計學分析
使用SPSS 17.0和GraphPad Prism 5軟件進行統(tǒng)計學分析。計量資料數(shù)據(jù)以(x±s)表示。組間比較采用方差分析和獨立樣本的t檢驗或Mann Whitney U檢驗,淋巴細胞亞群百分比與臨床分期的相關(guān)性分析采用Spearman等級相關(guān)性分析,P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計學意義。
2.1兩組外周血中總T淋巴細胞(CD3+)、T輔助/誘導細胞(CD3+CD4+)、T抑制/細胞毒細胞(CD3+CD8+)細胞百分比比較
見圖1,與對照組比較,宮頸癌患者外周血中CD3+和CD3+CD4+細胞百分比、CD3+CD4+/CD3+CD8+比值顯著降低[CD3+:(61.75±8.13)%vs(69.85±6.61)%;CD3+CD4+:(33.30±3.89)%vs(40.22±7.17)%;CD3+CD4+/CD3+CD8+:(1.59±0.54)vs(1.95±0.68)]。Ⅲ/Ⅳ期宮頸癌患者的CD3+細胞百分比均顯著低于對照組;Ⅳ期宮頸癌患者的CD3+CD4+細胞百分比顯著低于對照組,說明宮頸癌患者外周血中CD3+和CD3+CD4+細胞百分比的降低與臨床分期的提高存在負相關(guān)趨勢,雖然Spearman等級相關(guān)性分析結(jié)果表明差異無統(tǒng)計學意義(CD3+:r=-0.281,P=0.471;CD3+CD4+:r=0.023,P=0.871)。宮頸癌患者T抑制/細胞毒細胞[CD3+CD8+:(25.21± 5.28)%)]細胞百分比的均值與對照組的(22.28±5.65)%比較,差異無統(tǒng)計學意義(P=0.0872),但隨著患者臨床分期的提高呈降低趨勢[Ⅰ/Ⅱ期:(27.00±4.07)%;Ⅲ/Ⅳ期:(22.04±4.06)%;對照組:(22.28±5.65)%)],Spearman等級相關(guān)性分析結(jié)果顯示r=-0.281,P=0.0480,差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(P<0.05)。
2.2兩組外周血中NK(CD3-CD16+56+)和NKT(CD3+CD16+56+)細胞百分比比較
見圖2,與對照組比較,宮頸癌患者組NK細胞百分比[(17.64±3.81)%]顯著高于對照組[(14.12±4.04)%],差異有高度統(tǒng)計學意義(P<0.0001);NK T細胞百分比[(4.30±1.39)%]顯著低于對照組[(5.95±1.98)%],差異有高度統(tǒng)計學意義(P<0.0001)。
圖1 兩組外周血中總T淋巴細胞(CD3+)、T輔助/誘導細胞(CD3+CD4+)、T抑制/細胞毒細胞(CD3+CD8+)細胞百分比比較,A:CD3+、CD3+CD4+、CD3+CD8+細胞百分比;B:CD3+CD4+/CD3+CD8+比值;C:Ⅲ期和Ⅳ期患者CD3+細胞百分比;D:Ⅲ期和Ⅳ期患者CD3+CD4+細胞百分比
圖2 兩組外周血中NK(CD3-CD16+56+)和NKT(CD3+CD16+56+)細胞百分比比較
2.3兩組外周血中活化T細胞(CD3+HLA-DR+)、靜止T細胞(CD3+HLA-DR-)、活化B細胞(CD3-HLADR+)百分比比較
宮頸癌患者的活化T細胞(CD3+HLA-DR+)和活化B細胞(CD3-HLA-DR+)百分比顯著高于健康對照組[CD3+HLA-DR+:(9.12±2.98)%vs(5.18±1.62)%,P<0.0001;CD3-HLA-DR+:(18.27±5.45)%vs(13.55± 3.15)%,P=0.0021],靜止T細胞(CD3+HLA-DR-)百分比顯著低于健康對照組[(50.52±6.87)%vs(63.68± 7.81)%,P<0.0001],且活化B細胞(CD3-HLA-DR+)水平的升高與臨床分期存在正相關(guān)趨勢,雖然Spearman等級相關(guān)性分析結(jié)果表明無統(tǒng)計學意義(r=0.221,P= 0.124);Ⅰ/Ⅱ期:(16.99±5.25)%;Ⅲ/Ⅳ期:(20.02± 7.05)%;對照組:(13.55±3.15)%,見圖3。
圖3 兩組外周血中活化T細胞(CD3+HLA-DR+)、靜止T細胞(CD3+HLA-DR-)、活化B細胞(CD3-HLA-DR+)百分比比較
2.4兩組外周血中細胞毒性T細胞(CD8+CD28+)、抑制性T細胞(CD8+CD28-)、調(diào)節(jié)性CD4+CD25bright(Treg)細胞百分比比較
CD28是一個主要的共刺激受體,負責優(yōu)化抗原介導的T細胞活化、增殖和存活。宮頸癌患者外周血中CD8+CD28+細胞陽性細胞百分比降低[(8.67±2.46)% vs(10.88±3.95)%,P=0.0006],CD8+CD28-細胞百分比提高[(17.85±4.28)%vs(12.13±4.01)%,P=0.0009],CD4+CD25brightT細胞(Treg)陽性細胞百分比與對照組比較無顯著差異[(3.74±1.18)%vs(3.95±1.29)%,P=0.5514)],見圖4。
圖4 兩組外周血中細胞毒性T細胞(CD8+CD28+)、抑制性T細胞(CD8+CD28-)、調(diào)節(jié)性CD4+CD25brightT細胞(Treg)陽性細胞百分比比較
2.5兩組外周血中CD8+CD28-/CD8+CD28+比值、CD4+CD25bright/CD4+細胞百分比比較
宮頸癌患者外周血中CD8+CD28-/CD8+CD28+之比與對照組比較顯著提高[(1.99±0.58)vs(1.47±0.46),P<0.0001];CD4+CD25brightT細胞(Treg)在CD4+淋巴細胞中的百分比顯著高于對照組[(11.45±4.28)%vs(9.57± 3.84)%,P=0.0335](圖5)。
宮頸癌是女性中最常見的腫瘤,尤其在發(fā)展中國家,是導致女性死亡率最高的腫瘤之一。已知宮頸癌的形成是由于人類乳頭瘤病毒(human papilloma virus,HPV)的持續(xù)感染造成的,因此與清除病毒密切相關(guān)的免疫反應在宮頸癌的發(fā)生、發(fā)展和治療中起著更為重要的作用。大量的研究已表明癌癥患者的腫瘤微環(huán)境中的淋巴細胞亞群分布與患者的臨床分期和預后關(guān)系密切,然而在實際臨床治療中取材的困難限制了很多研究的深入進行[2]。外周血采集方便,能夠直接分析淋巴細胞亞群和其他細胞的百分比,從而評估患者的免疫狀態(tài)、臨床預后狀況并預測療效。此外,隨著臨床檢測技術(shù)的飛速進展,患者外周血中可檢測到的各種指標越來越多,精確度也越來越高,因此分析癌癥患者外周血淋巴細胞亞群分布具有重要的臨床意義[5-8]。本研究采用流式細胞術(shù)檢測宮頸癌患者外周血淋巴細胞亞群分布,分析其與患者臨床分期的關(guān)系,為宮頸癌的診斷和治療提供實驗依據(jù)。
圖5 宮頸癌患者和健康對照組外周血中CD8+CD28-/CD8+CD28+比值、CD4+CD25bright/CD4+細胞百分比比較,A:CD8+CD28-/CD8+CD28+比值;B:CD4+CD25brightT細胞(Treg)在CD4+淋巴細胞中的百分比
在T淋巴細胞中,CD3+細胞代表了T細胞的一般水平,反映宿主的細胞免疫狀態(tài)。CD3+T細胞又包括CD4+輔助/誘導性T細胞和CD8+細胞毒/抑制性T細胞。后者識別MHC-I類抗原并通過前者分泌的細胞因子實現(xiàn)其調(diào)節(jié)免疫反應的功能。本研究中我們共檢測分析了306例宮頸癌患者的外周血樣本,結(jié)果表明,與健康對照組比較,宮頸癌患者的CD3+和CD3+CD4+細胞百分比,CD3+CD4+/CD3+CD8+比值顯著降低,處于晚期的癌癥患者又比早期患者更低。這說明宮頸癌患者的免疫功能,尤其是與抗腫瘤相關(guān)的細胞免疫功能降低[9]。
NK細胞是大顆粒淋巴細胞,在機體的天然免疫中發(fā)揮重要作用。NK細胞能直接破壞腫瘤細胞,其水平降低導致免疫功能下降。本研究中我們檢測的宮頸癌患者均未經(jīng)手術(shù)、放化療治療,其NK細胞百分比顯著高于健康對照組,與文獻報道一致[10]。說明宮頸癌患者在感染HPV病毒后機體的天然免疫防御機制發(fā)揮了抵抗作用。與此相呼應,宮頸癌患者外周血中活化T細胞(CD3+HLA-DR+)百分比也高于健康對照組,說明機體啟動免疫防御機制抵抗病毒的侵害。有報道表明B淋巴細胞的慢性活化是有害的。我們檢測到宮頸癌患者的活化B細胞(CD3-HLA-DR+)百分比高于健康對照組且活化B細胞水平的升高與臨床分期的提高呈正相關(guān),對這一結(jié)果的闡釋尚需進行更深入的作用機制研究。
抗腫瘤免疫反應非常復雜,不同類型的細胞之間相互作用,彼此影響[11-14]。已知一些T淋巴細胞有調(diào)節(jié)功能,如分泌interleukin-10的T細胞、分泌TGF-β的T細胞、CD4-CD8-T細胞、NKT細胞、CD8+CD28-細胞、CD4+CD25+regulatory T細胞等。其中Treg細胞具有免疫抑制作用,可以阻止其它T細胞的激活或擴增,抑制樹突狀細胞的抗原提呈能力,抑制NK細胞活性,從而使腫瘤逃避免疫監(jiān)視而進一步發(fā)展惡化。CD8+CD28-T細胞也是抑制性T細胞,抑制其他T淋巴細胞增殖和細胞毒性,其發(fā)揮免疫抑制作用主要通過分泌IL-10和TGF-β等細胞因子。本研究分析了是否CD8+CD28-、CD4+CD25+Treg細胞在宮頸癌患者和正常人之間存在差異。結(jié)果表明,CD8+CD28-細胞在宮頸癌患者中升高且宮頸癌患者外周血中CD8+CD28-/CD8+CD28+之比與對照組比較顯著提高。雖然二者的CD4+CD25+Treg細胞水平?jīng)]有顯著差異,但宮頸癌患者的Treg細胞在CD4+淋巴細胞中的百分比顯著高于健康對照組[15,16]。
綜上所述,本研究結(jié)果顯示,宮頸癌患者總體免疫功能下降且與臨床分期關(guān)系密切。后續(xù)的研究需要增加入組患者數(shù)量,增加檢測指標,如FoxP3、CD127、CD69、IFN-γ等[17],同時需要深入研究患者的免疫功能狀態(tài)與腫瘤進展和預后的相關(guān)性,為臨床診斷治療提供實驗依據(jù)。
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Analysis of the differences of distribution of lymphocyte subsets in peripheral blood in the patients with cervical cancer
YU Hong1ZHANG Gengyue1JIN Yulong1DI Na1HE Chunying1WEI Tianxue1DU Renqiu2
1.Cell Biology Research Office,Jilin Research Center for Tumor Prevention and Control,Changchun130012,China;2.Disease Record Room,Jilin Tumor Hospital,Changchun130012,China
R737.3
A
1673-9701(2016)24-0020-05
2016-05-10)
吉林省科技發(fā)展計劃應用基礎(chǔ)研究項目(20130 102097JC)