熊艷+江育英+何淑琴+熊玉芳+黃燕+吳小蓮
摘 要 目的:探討舒適護(hù)理對(duì)輕、中型顱腦外傷患者睡眠質(zhì)量和綜合功能的影響。方法:收集2012年11月—2015年10月治療的輕、中型顱腦損傷患者60例,均行開(kāi)顱血腫清除術(shù),隨機(jī)分為對(duì)照組各30例,行常規(guī)圍術(shù)期護(hù)理;試驗(yàn)組30例,在對(duì)照組基礎(chǔ)上,行舒適護(hù)理。觀察患者出院前后的睡眠質(zhì)量評(píng)分(SRSS)、FCA評(píng)分、Barthel指數(shù)、Fugl-Meyer評(píng)分。結(jié)果:出院時(shí),試驗(yàn)組SRSS評(píng)分低于對(duì)照組和入院時(shí)(P<0.05),F(xiàn)CA評(píng)分高于對(duì)照組和入院時(shí)(P<0.05);對(duì)照組FCA評(píng)分出院時(shí)高于入院時(shí)(P<0.05)。試驗(yàn)組Barthel指數(shù)、Fugl-Meyer評(píng)分改善率均高于對(duì)照組(P<0.05)。結(jié)論:舒適護(hù)理對(duì)輕、中型顱腦外傷患者睡眠質(zhì)量和綜合功能有積極的影響,臨床應(yīng)用價(jià)值較高。
關(guān)鍵詞 顱腦外傷 舒適護(hù)理 睡眠質(zhì)量 綜合功能
中圖分類(lèi)號(hào):R473.6 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼:A 文章編號(hào):1006-1533(2016)18-0039-03
Influence of comfortable nursing on sleep quality and comprehensive function of patients with mild and moderate craniocerebral trauma
XIONG Yan, JIANG Yuying, HE Shuqin, XIONG Yufang, HUANG Yan, WU Xiaolian(Department of Neurosurgery of Peoples Hospital, Yichuan City, Jiangxi 336000, China)
ABSTRACT Objective: To explore the effect of comfortable nursing on sleep quality and comprehensive function of the patients with mild and moderate craniocerebral trauma. Methods: From October 2012 to November 2015, 60 cases of mild and moderate craniocerebral trauma were collected. All patients were underwent craniotomy evacuation of hematoma. The patients were randomly divided into a control group with 30 cases who were cared by the routine perioperative nursing, and an experiment group with 30 cases who were cared by the comfortable nursing on the basis of the control group. The scores of SRSS, functional comprehensive assessment(FCA), and Fugl-Meyer, and Barthel index were observed before and after discharge. Results: At discharge, the score of SRSS of the experiment group were lower than that at admission and of the control group(P<0.05). The score of FCA of the experiment group were higher than that at admission and of the control group(P<0.05). The score of FCA of the control group at discharge was higher than that on admission(P<0.05). The improvement rates of Barthel index and FuglMeyer scores of the experiment group were higher than those of the control group(P<0.05). Conclusion: The comfort nursing has a positive effect on sleep quality and comprehensive function in the patients with mild and moderate craniocerebral trauma, and has high value in the clinical application.
KEY WORDS craniocerebral trauma; comfortable nursing; sleep quality; comprehensive function
顱腦損傷是腦外科常見(jiàn)病癥,患者發(fā)病后,會(huì)引起焦慮、抑郁等各種不良情緒,對(duì)患者的睡眠質(zhì)量和綜合功能造成不良影響[1-3],因此需臨床及時(shí)干預(yù),以改善患者的生活質(zhì)量,提高預(yù)后。我院對(duì)輕~中型顱腦損傷患者實(shí)施舒適護(hù)理,效果較好,現(xiàn)報(bào)道如下。
1 資料與方法
1.1 一般資料
納入2012年11月—2015年10月我院收治的輕~中型格拉斯哥評(píng)分(GCS)>8分顱腦損傷患者60例,按入院順序抽簽后隨機(jī)分為試驗(yàn)組和對(duì)照組各30例。試驗(yàn)組男22例,女8例,年齡20~58歲,平均(43.58±7.98)歲;硬膜外血腫18例,硬膜下血腫6例,顱內(nèi)血腫6例。對(duì)照組男20例,女10例,年齡21~58歲,平均(44.17±7.56)歲;硬膜外血腫17例,硬膜下血腫7例,顱內(nèi)血腫6例。兩組一般資料差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)?;颊呔炇鹬橥鈺?shū)。排除高血壓病、冠心病和認(rèn)知功能障礙者。
1.2 方法
患者均為輕~重度顱腦外傷患者,對(duì)照組進(jìn)行顱腦外傷常規(guī)護(hù)理,試驗(yàn)組在對(duì)照組基礎(chǔ)上,進(jìn)行舒適護(hù)理。①護(hù)理培訓(xùn):對(duì)護(hù)理人員進(jìn)行集中培訓(xùn),從疾病病的發(fā)病機(jī)制、治療措施到護(hù)理服務(wù)等,進(jìn)行全面學(xué)習(xí)。指導(dǎo)護(hù)理人員根據(jù)患者的生理、心理等不同個(gè)性特征進(jìn)行護(hù)理。做好培訓(xùn),提高護(hù)理專(zhuān)業(yè)度。得當(dāng)患者入院后,可以即刻進(jìn)行分組護(hù)理。②生理舒適護(hù)理:做好患者住院環(huán)境的清潔工作,保持病房衛(wèi)生,床單清潔,溫度、濕度控制得當(dāng),幫助患者溫水泡腳,指導(dǎo)患者家屬對(duì)患者進(jìn)行肢體、背部按摩等,減少長(zhǎng)期臥床所產(chǎn)生的不適狀況。③心理舒適護(hù)理:護(hù)理人員要以和藹的態(tài)度、親切的語(yǔ)言和患者及家屬進(jìn)行溝通和交流,減少彼此的陌生感,得到患者的認(rèn)可。積極的了解患者的病情,咨詢(xún)患者及家屬存在的問(wèn)題并耐心回答。④社會(huì)舒適護(hù)理:盡量滿(mǎn)足患者的需要,讓患者感受到家庭和社會(huì)的溫暖。鼓勵(lì)患者家屬等多對(duì)患者進(jìn)行探視,讓患者覺(jué)得自己很重要,滿(mǎn)足患者的社會(huì)需求。
采用睡眠質(zhì)量評(píng)分表(SRSS)[4]、功能綜合評(píng)定量表(FCA)[5]、Barthel指數(shù)[6]、評(píng)估運(yùn)動(dòng)功能的FuglMeyer評(píng)分[7]對(duì)兩組患者出院前后的情況進(jìn)行比較。
1.3 評(píng)估標(biāo)準(zhǔn)
SRSS的分值范圍在10~50分,23分及以上表明患者存在睡眠障礙,分值越高,患者睡眠質(zhì)量越差。FCA評(píng)分的分值越高,綜合功能越好。Barthel指數(shù)高于60分為改善,40~60分為基本改善,低于40分為未改善。Fugl-Meyer評(píng)分將運(yùn)動(dòng)功能分為Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ、Ⅳ、Ⅴ級(jí),改善至Ⅳ級(jí)及以上或升高2個(gè)級(jí)別為改善,改善至Ⅲ級(jí)及以上或升高1個(gè)級(jí)別為基本改善,無(wú)變化者為未改善。
1.4 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析
2 結(jié)果
2.1 兩組患者SRSS評(píng)分
試驗(yàn)組SRSS評(píng)分在入院時(shí)和出院時(shí)分別為(29.27±1.67)分和(19.27±1.55)分,對(duì)照組分別為(18.69±1.78)分和(20.75±1.52)分。試驗(yàn)組SRSS出院時(shí)的SRSS評(píng)分低于對(duì)照組和入院時(shí),差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。
2.2 兩組患者FCA評(píng)分
試驗(yàn)組FCA評(píng)分出院時(shí)高于入院時(shí)和對(duì)照組(P<0.05);對(duì)照組FCA評(píng)分出院時(shí)高于入院時(shí)(P<0.05),見(jiàn)表1。
2.3 兩組患者Barthel指數(shù)、Fugl-Meyer評(píng)分
試驗(yàn)組Barthel指數(shù)、Fugl-Meyer評(píng)分改善率均高于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05,表2)。
3 討論
輕~中型顱腦外傷患者容易發(fā)生負(fù)面情緒,住院后對(duì)醫(yī)院產(chǎn)生排斥心理,心理壓力增加,從而影響睡眠質(zhì)量[8-10]。已有研究發(fā)現(xiàn),機(jī)體免疫功能和睡眠質(zhì)量有著直接聯(lián)系[11-13],影響患者的預(yù)后。隨著醫(yī)學(xué)研究的不斷進(jìn)步和完善,護(hù)理措施在輕~中型顱腦外傷患者中應(yīng)用較為廣泛,其效果亦得到肯定[14-15]。
人性化服務(wù)理念的延伸,醫(yī)療護(hù)理質(zhì)量的提高,是醫(yī)學(xué)發(fā)展的目標(biāo)。對(duì)患者進(jìn)行舒適護(hù)理,是醫(yī)護(hù)發(fā)展的必然趨勢(shì)。醫(yī)學(xué)研究認(rèn)為,對(duì)患者進(jìn)行舒適的個(gè)體護(hù)理,讓患者在身心方面得到護(hù)理,可以滿(mǎn)足患者的需求,提高患者的治療依從性,改善預(yù)后[16-17]。腦外傷患者受到外界刺激,會(huì)出現(xiàn)身體和心理方面的不舒適,對(duì)患者進(jìn)行舒適護(hù)理,能取得較好療效。本研究顯示,出院時(shí)試驗(yàn)組SRSS評(píng)分出院時(shí)低于對(duì)照組和入院時(shí)(P<0.05),F(xiàn)CA評(píng)分高于對(duì)照組和入院時(shí)(P<0.05),提示舒適護(hù)理是一種個(gè)性化的、高效的護(hù)理模式,能減輕患者的不適反應(yīng),利于患者的早日康復(fù)。
顱腦外傷的發(fā)病率在不斷增加,已成為臨床腦科中的常見(jiàn)疾病之一,對(duì)患者實(shí)施良好的護(hù)理,可以有效降低死亡率。本研究顯示,試驗(yàn)組Barthel指數(shù)、FuglMeyer評(píng)分改善率均高于對(duì)照組(P<0.05),表明對(duì)患者實(shí)施舒適護(hù)理,從患者的生理、心理、社會(huì)等方面進(jìn)行護(hù)理,可提高患者的Barthel指數(shù)和Fugl-Meyer評(píng)分效果。
總之,舒適護(hù)理對(duì)輕中型顱腦外傷患者睡眠質(zhì)量和綜合功能有積極的影響,能促進(jìn)患者SRSS、FCA評(píng)分、Barthel指數(shù)、Fugl-Meyer評(píng)分改善,臨床應(yīng)用價(jià)值較高。
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