于愛蓮 孟鴻雁
摘 要:英語寫作是語言輸出技能之一,它體現(xiàn)了英語學(xué)習(xí)者綜合運(yùn)用英語語言的能力,但我國的大學(xué)英語專業(yè)學(xué)生在英語寫作中依然存在許多問題。本文主要研究英語專業(yè)學(xué)生在寫作中常出現(xiàn)的幾種句式錯(cuò)誤,并提出針對性的解決辦法。
關(guān)鍵詞:英語專業(yè)學(xué)生;寫作;句式錯(cuò)誤
1.串句錯(cuò)誤
串句錯(cuò)誤是指將兩個(gè)完整的獨(dú)立的英語句子串在一起,中間沒用連接詞或只用逗號連接。這一錯(cuò)誤是受漢語的影響,因?yàn)樵跐h語中,逗號是可以表示單句內(nèi)部停頓的,因而,英語學(xué)習(xí)者如果不注意這一區(qū)別的話,就會(huì)在英語寫作中寫出如下幾個(gè)例子所述的串句。
(1)English is quite important, most students are studying it very hard.
(2)The movie was dull we left at 8:00.
在句1中,兩個(gè)完整的小句直接用逗號連接;句2是在兩個(gè)完整小句中間沒有任何標(biāo)點(diǎn)符號,這都是串句錯(cuò)誤。修改串句錯(cuò)誤有以下幾種方式:①可以直接將逗號改為分號;②也可以將逗號改為句號,大寫下一個(gè)單詞的首字母;③還可以在第一個(gè)小句后用逗號,再根據(jù)句意加連接詞and, but,or,nor,so,for,yet。或者將其改為復(fù)合句。比如,上面的錯(cuò)句可以改為:
——English is quite important; most students are studying it very hard.
——English is quite important. Most students are studying it very hard.
2.破句錯(cuò)誤
破句錯(cuò)誤是將只能做完整句中一個(gè)句子成分的部分當(dāng)做一個(gè)完整的句子來用。例如:
The meeting was cancelled. Because many people didnt turn up.
在這個(gè)例子中,“Because many people didnt turn up”在形式上是一個(gè)句子,但在句意上,它表達(dá)的是原因,只能做完整句子中的狀語成分,并不是一個(gè)句意完整的句子,這就是破句錯(cuò)誤。既然它只能做完整句的一個(gè)特定成分,修改時(shí)只要還原即可,可修改為:
The meeting was cancelled because many people didnt turn up.
3.垂懸修飾語錯(cuò)誤
垂懸修飾語錯(cuò)誤是指句中的修飾語實(shí)際上在句意上沒有修飾的對象。此種句式錯(cuò)誤主要出現(xiàn)在非謂語動(dòng)詞的使用上。具體是指-ing,-ed及 to 結(jié)構(gòu)錯(cuò)誤,例如:
(1)Last year,after graduating from high school,my father put me to work in his office.
(2)To pass this exam,this book must be read.
句1中,“after graduating from high school”在句意上應(yīng)該修飾“I”,但句子的主語卻是“my father”,因而此修飾語在句中沒有修飾對象。句2中的“to pass this exam”是同樣情況,同樣是垂懸修飾語錯(cuò)誤??梢孕薷臑椋?/p>
——Last year, after graduating from high school, I was put to work in my fathers office.
——To pass this exam, you must read this book.
4.誤用平行句錯(cuò)誤
誤用平行句錯(cuò)誤是指將兩個(gè)句意對等但結(jié)構(gòu)不相同的結(jié)構(gòu)并列使用。例如:
(1)Peter is a teacher and works as an engineer.
(2)Unselfish people not only are happier but they are more successful.
(3)He is a man of wide experience and who is also very popular with the farmers.
句中的平行并列成分結(jié)構(gòu)應(yīng)對等一致,根據(jù)這一原則,以上幾個(gè)錯(cuò)誤句可修改為:
—— Peter is both a teacher and an engineer.
—— Unselfish people are not only happier but also more successful.
—— He is a man of wide experience and of great popularity with the farmers.
總之,寫作是一個(gè)復(fù)雜的過程,英語專業(yè)學(xué)生不但要提高自己的思維能力,同時(shí)要注意英漢在表達(dá)方式上的區(qū)別,只有具備了扎實(shí)的英語語音基本功,才能切實(shí)提高自己的英語寫作能力。
參考文獻(xiàn):
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[2]王初明,牛瑞英,鄭小湘.以寫促學(xué)——一項(xiàng)英語寫作教學(xué)改革的試驗(yàn)[J].外語教學(xué)與研究,2000 (3).
[3]張中載.高級英語[M].北京:外語教學(xué)與研究出版社,2000.