張鋒,金池
(河北大學(xué)生命科學(xué)學(xué)院,河北保定 071002)
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昏暗球蛛雄性新發(fā)現(xiàn)(蜘蛛目:球蛛科)
張鋒,金池
(河北大學(xué)生命科學(xué)學(xué)院,河北保定 071002)
首次記述了昏暗球蛛TheridionobscuratumZhu,1998的雄性,標本采自于中國福建武夷山,并給出了該種詳細的鑒別特征、形態(tài)特征描述及形態(tài)特征圖.
蜘蛛;球蛛屬;分類學(xué);中國
TheridionobscuratumZhu,1998 (Figs 1-3)
TheridionobscuratumZhu,1998:167,figs 105A-D; Song,Zhu & Chen,1999:138,figs 77G-H.
Material examined.Type material:female holotype,Xuan’en,Hubei Province,China,26 May 1989,Zhu Mingsheng (deposited in MHBU,examined).
Other material examined:China:Fujian Province:2 males,8 females,Wuyi Mountain,Lianhua Peak,N 27°41',E 117°57',2 August 2010,Zhang Feng leg.(MHBU); 4 males,4 females,Xiamei Village,Wuyishan City,N 27°40',E 118°02',3 August 2010,Zhang Feng leg.(MHBU).
Diagnosis.Among the congeners,the female of this species is similar toT.xianfengensisZhu & Song,1992,but differs in the position of the copulatory opening of the epigyne,which is in the anterior part of the circular atrium and visible from the ventral view,whereas concealed at the lateral margin of atrium and invisible from the ventral view inT.xianfengensis; and also the copulatory ducts is much shorter than that of the latter’s.The male can be easily separated from otherTheridionspecies by cymbium apically with four strong spines,and by the very short embolus.
Distribution:China (Hubei,Fujian)
球蛛科Theridiidae通常以第4步足具排列成梳狀的鋸齒狀毛而著稱[1],是蜘蛛目中的第4大科,全球性分布,已知122屬2 462種[2],其中中國54屬389種.該科廣布于自然界及人造建筑,在屋檐、樹枝間、土坡凹壁、雜草叢中結(jié)不規(guī)則三維網(wǎng),網(wǎng)的有些部分具有黏滴,如球蛛屬Theridion,是農(nóng)林及衛(wèi)生害蟲的重要天敵[3-5].
球蛛屬Theridion是蜘蛛目球蛛科中最大的屬,目前全世界已知587種,中國已知66種.該屬與希蛛屬Achaearanea相近,兩者可通過以下特征區(qū)分:希蛛屬雄蛛的觸肢器缺少根部,插入器與中突相連或?qū)掗煹嘏c盾板相連;希蛛屬雌蛛的外雌器陷窩大,連接管通常粗短.球蛛屬與靈蛛屬Thymoites的區(qū)別在于:通常體形較大,步足較長,雄性眼區(qū)無特化的結(jié)構(gòu)[5].
朱明生[1]僅以雌性標本建立了昏暗球蛛TheridionobscuratumZhu,1998.筆者在鑒定采自中國福建武夷山的球蛛科標本時,發(fā)現(xiàn)了12頭成熟雌性和6頭成熟雄性球蛛屬標本.通過檢視河北大學(xué)博物館收藏的昏暗球蛛模式標本,其雌性被鑒定為昏暗球蛛T.obscuratum.其雄性標本,體形與花紋與雌性標本相似,其他特征也符合球蛛屬的屬征,因此將其鑒定為昏暗球蛛的雄性新發(fā)現(xiàn).
標本保存于體積分數(shù)為75%的酒精中.標本鑒定、畫圖均使用Leica M165 c立體顯微鏡,使用Leica M205A進行拍照與測量.標本保存于河北大學(xué)博物館(MHBU).文中測量單位均為mm.
昏暗球蛛Theridion obscuratum Zhu,1998(圖1-3)
TheridionobscuratumZhu,1998:167,figs 105A-D; Song,Zhu & Chen,1999:138,figs 77G-H.
a.雌性整體,背面觀;b.雄性整體,背面觀;比例尺:0.5 mm.圖1 昏暗球蛛Theridion obscuratum Zhu,1998Fig.1 Theridion obscuratum Zhu,1998
a.外雌器,腹面觀;b.陰門;c.雄性左觸肢,外側(cè)面觀;d.雄性左觸肢,腹面觀;e.雄性左觸肢,內(nèi)側(cè)面觀;比例尺:a—b.0.2 mm;c—e.0.1 mm.圖2 昏暗球蛛Theridion obscuratum Zhu,1998Fig.2 Theridion obscuratum Zhu,1998
鑒別特征:本種的雌性相似于咸豐球蛛T.xianfengensisZhu & Song,1992,兩者的區(qū)別如下:1)外雌器插入孔的位置不同,本種插入孔位于外雌器中庭的前緣,并且腹面觀清晰可見,而后者插入孔位于外雌器中庭的側(cè)緣,且由腹面觀不可見;2)交配管長短不同,本種的交配管明顯短于咸豐球蛛的交配管.本種雄性明顯區(qū)別于同屬其他種類:1)觸肢器跗舟頂端具有4根強壯的硬刺;2)非常短的插入器.
描述:雄蛛(圖1b)體長1.85~1.94.1雄蛛體長1.85:頭胸部長0.77,寬0.71;腹部長1.08,寬0.66.背甲深黃褐色,前半部分有1盾形的黑斑,放射溝黑色;中窩橫向,線狀.額高0.13.前眼列后凹,后眼列近平直;前后側(cè)眼相接,各眼均具褐色的基部.眼直徑:前中眼0.10,前側(cè)眼0.08,后中眼0.08,后側(cè)眼0.08.前中眼間距0.08,前中側(cè)眼間距0.03,前側(cè)眼間距0.23,后中眼間距0.08,后中側(cè)眼間距0.05,后側(cè)眼間距0.30.中眼域長0.23,寬0.23.螯肢黑褐色,前齒堤1大齒,后齒堤無齒.步足黃色,具黑色環(huán)紋和斑點,在腿節(jié)Ⅰ和Ⅱ上尤其顯著.步足測量:步足Ⅰ 3.11 (1.10,0.15,0.98,0.68,0.20);步足Ⅱ 2.54 (0.78,0.15, 0.65,0.78,0.18);步足Ⅲ 1.34 (0.40,0.15,0.28,0.33,0.18);步足Ⅳ 1.71 (0.53,0.18,0.40, 0.40, 0.20).足式1243.腹部卵形,背面黃白色,前部中央1條黑色的弧形斑紋,兩邊具多列黑點;腹面黃色,在生殖溝與紡器中間有1黑色的梯形斑.圍繞紡器有1黑色的環(huán)形斑紋.觸肢器(圖2c-e,3c-d):跗舟頂端鈍,具有4根粗刺;引導(dǎo)器膜質(zhì),近S形;插入器短,末端細,基部粗,腹面觀插入器端部一半的部分隱藏在引導(dǎo)器后面;盾板突扭曲,位于引導(dǎo)器的后方;中突勺狀,末端加粗;亞盾板小,只有整個生殖球1/3的長度.
雌蛛(圖1a)外表總體相似于雄蛛,體長2.20~2.27.1雌蛛體長2.20:頭胸部長0.96,寬0.85;腹部長1.24,寬1.08.眼直徑:前中眼0.09,前側(cè)眼0.08,后中眼0.10,后側(cè)眼0.08.前中眼間距0.06,前中側(cè)眼間距0.03,前側(cè)眼間距0.25,后中眼間距0.09,后中側(cè)眼間距0.05,后側(cè)眼間距0.33.中眼域長0.23,寬0.23.額高0.15.步足測量:步足Ⅰ 3.29 (1.05,0.18,1.08,0.75,0.23);步足Ⅱ 2.47 (0.83,0.15,0.73,0.53, 0.23);步足Ⅲ 1.64 (0.58,0.13,0.38,0.35,0.20);步足Ⅳ 1.76 (0.58,0.15,0.40,0.40,0.23).足式1243.外雌器(圖2a-b,3a-b):外雌器中庭圓形且凹陷,前緣后凹;插入孔明顯可見,位于中庭前緣;交媾管短且直;納精囊卵圓形.
a.外雌器,腹面觀;b.陰門;c.雄性左觸肢,腹面觀;d.雄性左觸肢,內(nèi)側(cè)面觀;比例尺:0.2 mm.C.引導(dǎo)器;CD.交配管;CO.插入孔;E.插入器;FD.受精管;MA.中突;S.納精囊;ST.亞盾板;T.盾板;TA.盾板突.圖3 昏暗球蛛Theridion obscuratum Zhu,1998Fig.3 Theridion obscuratum Zhu,1998
鏡檢標本:1♀正模,湖北宣恩,1989-05-26,朱明生采.
其他標本:2♂8♀,福建武夷山蓮花峰,N 27°41',E 117°57',2010-08-02,張鋒采;4♂4♀,福建武夷山下梅村,N 27°40',E 118°02',2010-08-03,張鋒采.
分布:中國(湖北、福建).
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(責(zé)任編輯:趙藏賞)
First description of the male ofTheridionobscuratumZhu,1998 (Araneae:Theridiidae)
ZHANG Feng,JIN Chi
(College of Life Sciences,Hebei University,Baoding 071002,China)
The male ofTheridionobscuratumZhu,1998 is described here for the first time based on specimens collected from Wuyi Mountain,Fujian Province,China.Detailed diagnosis,description and illustrations are presented.
spider;Theridion; taxonomy; China
10.3969/j.issn.1000-1565.2016.06.009
2016-06-12
河北省自然科學(xué)基金資助項目(C2014201041)
張鋒(1971—),男,河北蔚縣人,河北大學(xué)教授,博士生導(dǎo)師,主要從事蛛形動物學(xué)研究.E-mail:zhangfeng@hbu.cn
Q959.226
A
1000-1565(2016)06-0620-03