曲慶紅
淺析重癥骨外科患者術(shù)后護(hù)理對(duì)策
曲慶紅
目的研究分析重癥骨外科手術(shù)患者的臨床術(shù)后護(hù)理方式,為臨床護(hù)理提供可靠依據(jù)。方法我院就重癥骨外科患者80例開展了分析研究,將患者分成對(duì)照組和觀察組,均有40例,對(duì)照組患者接受常規(guī)的重癥骨外科術(shù)后護(hù)理方式,觀察組除了對(duì)照組的護(hù)理措施還增加了恰當(dāng)護(hù)理措施,對(duì)兩組護(hù)理3個(gè)月后的恢復(fù)情況進(jìn)行對(duì)比分析。結(jié)果觀察組有30例患者1個(gè)月后出院,有8例患者2個(gè)月后出院,有2例3個(gè)月以后出院,對(duì)照組有12例1個(gè)月后出院,15例2個(gè)月后出院,13例3個(gè)月后出院。觀察組有25例患者無疼痛感,3例疼痛明顯,12例疼痛較輕,對(duì)照組分別為8例,12例,20例。觀察組患者的恢復(fù)速度快,效果好,疼痛輕,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。結(jié)論重癥骨外科患者術(shù)后接受綜合科學(xué)護(hù)理能夠快速恢復(fù),對(duì)減少術(shù)后并發(fā)癥有較大的幫助。
重癥骨外科;護(hù)理;恢復(fù)
骨科重癥患者的醫(yī)療護(hù)理是康復(fù)的關(guān)鍵,不可缺少。臨床實(shí)踐表明,因?yàn)楦鞣N因素導(dǎo)致了護(hù)理和醫(yī)療地位的不對(duì)等,尤其是基層醫(yī)院對(duì)護(hù)理不夠重視,導(dǎo)致了患者的康復(fù)不佳[1]。骨科并發(fā)癥和感染的情況較為嚴(yán)重,而這些事件又造成了患者預(yù)后不佳的結(jié)果[2-3]。醫(yī)院感染發(fā)生率和護(hù)理水平具有直接聯(lián)系。此次就我院的部分骨科重癥患者來分析研究,有以下報(bào)道。
2014年3月—2016年3月我院對(duì)80例骨科重癥患者開展了分析研究,將患者分成對(duì)照組和觀察組。對(duì)照組40例,年齡32~82歲,平均(52.94±3.2)歲;手術(shù)時(shí)間38~146 min,平均(60.6±6.2)min;關(guān)節(jié)置換術(shù)12例,腰椎間盤突出18例,創(chuàng)傷骨折10例。觀察組40例,年齡31~83歲,平均(53.04±4.2)歲;手術(shù)時(shí)間36~145 min,平均(60.8±3.5)min;關(guān)節(jié)置換術(shù)13例,腰椎間盤突出15例,創(chuàng)傷骨折12例。兩組患者的一般資料對(duì)比差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),可以比較。
對(duì)照組使用常規(guī)護(hù)理,術(shù)后指導(dǎo)家屬血栓預(yù)防方式,叮囑患者禁言,多飲水,食用粗纖維食物,降低腹壓[4-5]。
觀察組護(hù)理措施為:(1)增加疼痛護(hù)理,對(duì)患者的病情進(jìn)行觀察,評(píng)估患者的疼痛情況,傾聽患者的心聲,對(duì)患者的內(nèi)心痛苦進(jìn)行了解,給予支持,消除患者的心理問題[6-7]。使用放松療法,疏導(dǎo)患者的心理,轉(zhuǎn)移患者的注意力,對(duì)術(shù)后切口疼痛原因進(jìn)行排查,預(yù)防性的給藥,減少患者痛苦[8-9]。
(2)觀察肢體的動(dòng)脈搏動(dòng)及血液循環(huán)情況,術(shù)后24~36 h疼痛最明顯,尤其是夜間。骨科患者術(shù)后疼痛不僅影響患者休息,還可因局部疼痛使機(jī)體釋放出許多損傷因子如前列腺素、5-羥色胺等,使小血管收縮、痙攣,發(fā)生血管危象,影響患者的愈后。故不僅要觀察患者的疼痛反應(yīng),還應(yīng)觀察末梢血液循環(huán)。
(3)深靜脈血栓護(hù)理。老年患者臥床時(shí)間過長(zhǎng)就會(huì)有深靜脈血栓的風(fēng)險(xiǎn),本次研究中出現(xiàn)了5例深靜脈血栓病例。下肢深靜脈血栓對(duì)患者的生命安全具有威脅性,需要對(duì)其進(jìn)行護(hù)理和預(yù)防。術(shù)后患者麻醉消退后,將患者的患肢抬高30°。使用抗凝治療,注意包扎松緊適宜,早期循序漸進(jìn)的鍛煉有助于減少靜脈血管栓塞。
(4)體位的護(hù)理。叮囑患者及其家屬調(diào)整合適的體位,指導(dǎo)家屬為患者按摩,觀察患者的病情,提升患者的舒適感。
使用SPSS 13.0統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)軟件進(jìn)行分析,兩組比較采用秩和檢驗(yàn),以P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
觀察組有30例患者1個(gè)月后出院,有8例患者2個(gè)月后出院,有2例3個(gè)月以后出院,對(duì)照組有12例1個(gè)月后出院,15例2個(gè)月后出院,13例3個(gè)月后出院。觀察有25例患者無疼痛感,3例疼痛明顯,12例疼痛較輕,對(duì)照組分別為8例,12例,20例。觀察組患者的恢復(fù)速度快,效果好,疼痛輕,兩組差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。
患者肌肉、骨骼、韌帶受到重大損傷基本都需要使用手術(shù)來修復(fù)治療,術(shù)后還需要長(zhǎng)時(shí)間的休養(yǎng)?;颊邔?duì)于手術(shù)的效果比較關(guān)心,但是對(duì)術(shù)后的休養(yǎng)卻并沒有足夠的重視,尤其是患者的家人對(duì)于日常護(hù)理知識(shí)的匱乏導(dǎo)致了患者的休養(yǎng)效果不理想。手術(shù)和護(hù)理是患者康復(fù)的關(guān)鍵,如果護(hù)理失誤,則會(huì)引起肌肉萎縮,關(guān)節(jié)僵硬等嚴(yán)重后果,術(shù)后為患者進(jìn)行護(hù)理指導(dǎo),針對(duì)性的開展心理護(hù)理和疼痛護(hù)理有助于改善患者的預(yù)后,降低并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率,讓患者更快恢復(fù)健康。心理護(hù)理和藥物治療相結(jié)合能夠提供最佳的治療效果,讓患者獲得良好的康復(fù)條件。此次研究中,觀察有25例患者無疼痛感,3例疼痛明顯,12例疼痛較輕,對(duì)照組分別為8例,12例,20例。觀察組患者的恢復(fù)速度快,效果好,疼痛輕,兩組差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。
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Analysis of Postoperative Nursing Countermeasures for Patients With Severe Bone Surgery
QU Qinghong Department of Critical Care Medicine, Daqing Fourth Hospital, Daqing Heilongjiang 163712, China
ObjectiveTo investigate and analyze the clinical nursing methods of patients with severe bone surgery, and to provide reliable evidence for clinical nursing.MethodsIn our hospital, 80 cases of patients with severe bone surgery was carried out analysis and study. The patients were divided into control group and observation group, 40 cases in eacg group, the control group was given conventional postoperative severe bone surgery nursing, the observation group except control group’ nursing measures were also added the appropriate nursing measures. The recovery in two groups of nursing after 3 months were compared and analyzed.ResultsIn the observation group, 30 patients were discharged 1 months later, 8 patients were discharged 2 months later, 2 cases were discharged after 3 months. 12 cases in the control group were discharged after 1 month, 15 cases were discharged after 2 months, and 13 cases were discharged after 3 months. In the observation group, there were 25 patients without pain, 3 cases with obvious pain, and 12 cases with mild pain, there were 8 cases, 12 cases, 20 cases in the control group. The recovery rate of the observation group was fast, the effect was good, the pain was mild, and the result was statistically significant (P < 0.05).ConclusionIt is possible for the patients with severe orthopedic surgery to receive comprehensive scientific nursing to recover quickly, which is of great help to reduce postoperative complications.
severe bone surgery; nursing care; recovery
R473
A
1674-9316(2017)23-0154-02
10.3969/j.issn.1674-9316.2017.23.076
大慶市第四醫(yī)院重癥醫(yī)學(xué)科,黑龍江 大慶 163712