国产日韩欧美一区二区三区三州_亚洲少妇熟女av_久久久久亚洲av国产精品_波多野结衣网站一区二区_亚洲欧美色片在线91_国产亚洲精品精品国产优播av_日本一区二区三区波多野结衣 _久久国产av不卡

?

小兒圍手術(shù)期醫(yī)院獲得性白色念珠菌血癥五例臨床分析

2017-03-07 03:22魏紅霞曹露露張明軍朱曉東
臨床誤診誤治 2017年8期
關(guān)鍵詞:念珠菌血癥監(jiān)護(hù)室

魏紅霞,曹露露,張明軍,謝 偉,朱曉東

小兒圍手術(shù)期醫(yī)院獲得性白色念珠菌血癥五例臨床分析

魏紅霞,曹露露,張明軍,謝 偉,朱曉東

目的 探討小兒圍手術(shù)期發(fā)生白色念珠菌血癥的危險(xiǎn)因素、臨床特點(diǎn)及診斷、治療、預(yù)防措施。方法 對(duì)2014年10月8日—10月21日上海交通大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)院附屬新華醫(yī)院小兒重癥醫(yī)學(xué)科收治的圍手術(shù)期醫(yī)院獲得性白色念珠菌血癥5例的臨床資料進(jìn)行回顧性分析,并復(fù)習(xí)相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)。結(jié)果 本組入重癥監(jiān)護(hù)室時(shí)小兒危重癥評(píng)分(77.00±7.70)分,4例重度營(yíng)養(yǎng)不良。術(shù)前診斷短腸綜合征3例,先天性巨結(jié)腸類緣病及先天性食管閉鎖各1例。5例均有發(fā)熱,其中4例因獲得性白色念珠菌血癥發(fā)生膿毒癥,2例出現(xiàn)肝功能損害,3例出現(xiàn)血小板減少。5例均留置中心靜脈導(dǎo)管、胃管和導(dǎo)尿管,并應(yīng)用廣譜抗生素,進(jìn)行胃腸外營(yíng)養(yǎng),4例行胃腸道手術(shù),3例行有創(chuàng)機(jī)械通氣。5例均符合白色念珠菌血癥相關(guān)診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn),確診后均予抗真菌治療。5例住重癥監(jiān)護(hù)室時(shí)間(45.80±13.31)d,總住院時(shí)間(97.40±20.63)d。住重癥監(jiān)護(hù)室期間死亡1例,后續(xù)隨訪90 d內(nèi)死亡2例。結(jié)論 小兒圍手術(shù)期白色念珠菌血癥主要臨床表現(xiàn)為發(fā)熱。臨床對(duì)于先天發(fā)育異常、住院時(shí)間長(zhǎng)、重度營(yíng)養(yǎng)不良、小兒危重癥評(píng)分低、導(dǎo)管留置時(shí)間長(zhǎng)的圍手術(shù)期危重患兒需警惕念珠菌感染發(fā)生,合理初始治療可改善預(yù)后。

念珠菌血癥;嬰兒;圍手術(shù)期

念珠菌血癥是臨床常見的菌血癥之一,多發(fā)于免疫力低下或病情危重者。有研究表明念珠菌感染占醫(yī)院感染第4位,僅次于金黃色葡萄球菌、銅綠假單胞菌和大腸埃希菌[1-3]。目前臨床上對(duì)于醫(yī)院內(nèi)念珠菌血癥的報(bào)道多來(lái)自成人,而兒童圍手術(shù)期念珠菌感染病例少有報(bào)道。本研究回顧性分析上海交通大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)院附屬新華醫(yī)院小兒重癥醫(yī)學(xué)科收治的圍手術(shù)期醫(yī)院獲得性白色念珠菌血癥5例的臨床資料,并復(fù)習(xí)相關(guān)文獻(xiàn),探討醫(yī)院內(nèi)念珠菌感染的相關(guān)防治策略。

1 臨床資料

1.1 一般資料 2014年10月8日—10月21日上海交通大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)院附屬新華醫(yī)院小兒重癥醫(yī)學(xué)科外科部某病室共收治56例患兒,其中5例(8.93%)發(fā)生醫(yī)院獲得性白色念珠菌血癥。5例中男4例,女1例;年齡(120±70.36)d。術(shù)后診斷:短腸綜合征3例(2例為先天性發(fā)育異常,1例為新生兒壞死性小腸結(jié)腸炎術(shù)后并發(fā)的短腸綜合征),先天性巨結(jié)腸類緣病及先天性食管閉鎖各1例。4例為早產(chǎn)兒且有先天發(fā)育異常。4例既往住院時(shí)有重癥監(jiān)護(hù)室治療史。3例由普通病房轉(zhuǎn)入重癥監(jiān)護(hù)室,轉(zhuǎn)入重癥監(jiān)護(hù)室前住院天數(shù)(25.00±43.16)d。

1.2 臨床表現(xiàn) 5例入重癥監(jiān)護(hù)室時(shí)小兒危重癥評(píng)分[4](77.00±7.70)分,其中4例重度營(yíng)養(yǎng)不良。5例發(fā)生白色念珠菌感染時(shí)均表現(xiàn)為發(fā)熱(體溫38.3~39.0℃,呈弛張熱),心率增快,其中4例入重癥監(jiān)護(hù)室后發(fā)生膿毒癥,1例為嚴(yán)重膿毒癥,表現(xiàn)為發(fā)熱、四肢皮膚花紋、呼吸急促、血壓下降,因凝血功能障礙出現(xiàn)皮膚出血點(diǎn);1例入重癥監(jiān)護(hù)室時(shí)即因腹腔細(xì)菌感染發(fā)生嚴(yán)重膿毒癥,抗細(xì)菌感染治療2周后再次發(fā)熱,發(fā)生白色念珠菌感染。

1.3 醫(yī)技檢查 5例診斷白色念珠菌血癥時(shí)查血白細(xì)胞(16.63±7.34)×109/L,2例血小板減少(1例68×109/L,另1例50×109/L),3例術(shù)后貧血(血紅蛋白60~76 g/L),3例肝功能損害(丙氨酸轉(zhuǎn)氨酶89~602 U/L)。5例入重癥監(jiān)護(hù)室時(shí)血清感染標(biāo)志物未出現(xiàn)特異性改變,降鈣素原(PCT)(0.82±1.05)ng/ml,C反應(yīng)蛋白(11.00±8.40)mg/L;診斷白色念珠菌血癥時(shí)PCT(4.32±2.23)ng/ml,C反應(yīng)蛋白(60.00±32.30)mg/L。5例診斷白色念珠菌血癥時(shí)血1,3-β-d-葡聚糖(509.80±180.66)pg/ml。5例均體溫超過(guò)38.5℃時(shí)抽取血進(jìn)行血培養(yǎng)。

1.4 圍手術(shù)期外科治療 5例均在圍手術(shù)期依據(jù)抗菌藥物指導(dǎo)原則應(yīng)用抗生素,因胃腸道手術(shù)后腸道感染以革蘭陰性菌為主,術(shù)后予頭孢拉定、頭孢哌酮-舒巴坦抗感染5~7 d,后因存在腹腔感染、肺部感染,根據(jù)腹腔引流液或傷口引流液、痰培養(yǎng)及血培養(yǎng)結(jié)果更換為亞安培南、美羅培南、替考拉寧等行目標(biāo)抗感染。5例既往治療中均有侵入性操作,留置中心靜脈導(dǎo)管(12.75±5.38)d、胃管(32.20±20.62)d、導(dǎo)尿管(11.20±4.60)d,同期住重癥監(jiān)護(hù)室未發(fā)生白色念珠菌感染患兒留置胃管及導(dǎo)尿管的比例為38%、27%。3例行有創(chuàng)機(jī)械通氣(機(jī)械通氣48、72 h和10 d)。4例行胃腸道手術(shù),其中3例為開腹手術(shù),包括腸造瘺術(shù)2例、腸粘連松解術(shù)1例,1例為胸腔鏡下食管吻合術(shù)。5例圍手術(shù)期均予胃腸外營(yíng)養(yǎng)治療。

2 結(jié)果

2.1 白色念珠菌感染發(fā)生時(shí)間 5例入院、入重癥監(jiān)護(hù)室至血培養(yǎng)白色念珠菌首次陽(yáng)性時(shí)間分別為(48.20±38.43)d、(23.20±13.10)d;既往治療距白色念珠菌血癥發(fā)生時(shí)間:留置中心靜脈導(dǎo)管距白色念珠菌血癥發(fā)生(12.75±5.38)d,胃腸道手術(shù)距白色念珠菌血癥發(fā)生(14.00±9.09)d。

2.2 診斷 本組均行1次及以上血培養(yǎng)。白色念珠菌感染診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)參考?xì)W洲癌癥研究和治療組織/侵襲性真菌感染協(xié)作組與美國(guó)國(guó)立變態(tài)反應(yīng)和感染病研究院真菌病研究組(EORTC/MSG)[5]制定的“侵襲性真菌病修訂定義”,并結(jié)合國(guó)內(nèi)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[3,6]進(jìn)行定義:入院48 h后血培養(yǎng)1次及以上顯示白色念珠菌陽(yáng)性,同時(shí)存在符合白色念珠菌感染的臨床癥狀和體征;多次血培養(yǎng)白色念珠菌陽(yáng)性患兒,以其首次培養(yǎng)陽(yáng)性時(shí)間為準(zhǔn)。5例血培養(yǎng)均有白色念珠菌生長(zhǎng),且未發(fā)現(xiàn)耐氟康唑菌株,但未進(jìn)一步進(jìn)行基因分型,故不能證實(shí)為同一菌株感染。5例G試驗(yàn)均陽(yáng)性。2例在確診白色念珠菌血癥前2周內(nèi)有細(xì)菌感染史(分別為肺炎克雷伯菌和溶血性葡萄球菌感染)。關(guān)于感染來(lái)源,2例為導(dǎo)管相關(guān)性感染(確診后均拔除中心靜脈導(dǎo)管),2例合并腹腔細(xì)菌感染(1例發(fā)生白色念珠菌感染時(shí)腹腔引流液培養(yǎng)大腸埃希菌陽(yáng)性,1例發(fā)生白色念珠菌感染后腹腔引流液培養(yǎng)示肺炎克雷伯菌陽(yáng)性),1例合并肺部及泌尿系統(tǒng)細(xì)菌感染(白色念珠菌感染時(shí)中段尿培養(yǎng)示屎腸球菌陽(yáng)性,痰培養(yǎng)示陰溝腸桿菌陽(yáng)性)。

2.3 治療及預(yù)后 5例確診白色念珠菌血癥后均予抗真菌治療,療程平均22 d (18~30 d)。4例起始治療選用氟康唑(每日10 mg/kg)抗真菌,用藥2~7 d體溫不退、真菌抗原持續(xù)陽(yáng)性更換為卡泊芬凈(首劑70 mg/m2,以后每日50 mg/m2),臨床癥狀改善后復(fù)查血培養(yǎng),卡波芬凈治療2周后更換氟康唑(每日10 mg/kg)完成療程,即臨床癥狀消失、血培養(yǎng)白色念珠菌陰性2周后停用抗真菌藥物;另1例起始治療為卡泊芬凈,治療14 d后死亡。5例均在抗真菌治療同時(shí)給予對(duì)癥支持治療,合并細(xì)菌感染者繼續(xù)應(yīng)用抗生素治療。5例均進(jìn)行后續(xù)隨訪90 d(診斷念珠菌血癥開始),1例因嚴(yán)重膿毒癥、肝功能損害在住重癥監(jiān)護(hù)室期間死亡;4例在重癥監(jiān)護(hù)室治療后病情穩(wěn)定轉(zhuǎn)入普通病房,其中2例在后續(xù)隨訪90 d內(nèi)死亡。5例住重癥監(jiān)護(hù)室時(shí)間(45.80±13.31)d,總住院時(shí)間(97.40±20.63)d;而同期住重癥監(jiān)護(hù)室未發(fā)生白色念珠菌感染患兒住重癥監(jiān)護(hù)室時(shí)間(11.29±8.29)d,總住院時(shí)間(22.76±15.20)d,提示圍手術(shù)期發(fā)生白色念珠菌血癥患兒重癥監(jiān)護(hù)室住院時(shí)間和住院總時(shí)間均較長(zhǎng)。

3 討論

本組圍手術(shù)期均具備侵襲性白色念珠菌感染的高危因素,如重度營(yíng)養(yǎng)不良、既往重癥監(jiān)護(hù)室住院治療及廣譜抗生素應(yīng)用史,4例有胃腸道手術(shù)史,均有膿毒癥,并均應(yīng)用胃腸外營(yíng)養(yǎng),小兒危重癥評(píng)分顯著低于同期非白色念珠菌感染患兒。有文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道,F(xiàn)IRE研究從已發(fā)表的有關(guān)危重癥侵襲性真菌病(IFDs)多因素分析、危險(xiǎn)預(yù)測(cè)模型、臨床決策研究中系統(tǒng)性回顧并總結(jié)念珠菌感染的危險(xiǎn)因素主要包括手術(shù)、胃腸外營(yíng)養(yǎng)、真菌定植、腎臟替代治療、膿毒癥、機(jī)械通氣、糖尿病、危重患者急性生理學(xué)與慢性健康評(píng)定標(biāo)準(zhǔn) (APACHE ) II或III評(píng)分>22分,其中嚴(yán)重膿毒癥是其30 d死亡預(yù)測(cè)因素之一[7-9]。德國(guó)一項(xiàng)對(duì)外科手術(shù)后念珠菌感染發(fā)生情況的觀察顯示,0.15%腹部手術(shù)患者發(fā)生念珠菌感染,而腹部手術(shù)后需在重癥監(jiān)護(hù)室治療的患者中0.89%發(fā)生念珠菌感染[10]。Jordan等[11]對(duì)兒科重癥監(jiān)護(hù)室患兒進(jìn)行的一項(xiàng)研究顯示白色念珠菌感染的危險(xiǎn)因素包括入重癥監(jiān)護(hù)室前住院天數(shù)≥15 d、消化道外科干預(yù)、胃腸外營(yíng)養(yǎng)、慢性代謝性疾病。念珠菌屬?gòu)V泛存在于正常皮膚、呼吸道、消化道及泌尿生殖道中,當(dāng)正常菌群或抗真菌防御反應(yīng)紊亂時(shí),念珠菌可能引起感染。白色念珠菌在無(wú)生命物體表面大面積依附生長(zhǎng)的能力較強(qiáng),而中心靜脈置管破壞機(jī)體的天然屏障,本組2例為導(dǎo)管相關(guān)性感染。法國(guó)一項(xiàng)對(duì)念珠菌血癥進(jìn)行的研究發(fā)現(xiàn)念珠菌血癥患者77%有中心靜脈置管,76%應(yīng)用廣譜抗生素[12]??咕幬锔淖兞四c道正常菌群,是導(dǎo)致真菌在皮膚及黏膜表面過(guò)度增長(zhǎng)的危險(xiǎn)因素[13]。

念珠菌血癥臨床表現(xiàn)無(wú)特異性,最常見的癥狀為發(fā)熱,??沙^(guò)38℃,偶有寒戰(zhàn)、血壓降低[14-15]。本組5例均有發(fā)熱,4例因白色念珠菌感染發(fā)生膿毒癥,其中1例為嚴(yán)重膿毒癥,表現(xiàn)為發(fā)熱、心率增快、血壓下降,同時(shí)出現(xiàn)血小板計(jì)數(shù)下降、凝血酶原時(shí)間延長(zhǎng)。有文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道嚴(yán)重膿毒癥是念珠菌血癥30 d病死率的獨(dú)立危險(xiǎn)因素[16]。念珠菌屬是醫(yī)院內(nèi)感染所致膿毒癥的第7位病原菌,膿毒癥常伴發(fā)凝血功能障礙、血小板計(jì)數(shù)減少。本組血小板計(jì)數(shù)最低50×109/L,無(wú)活動(dòng)性出血,抗真菌治療后血小板計(jì)數(shù)恢復(fù)正常。由于念珠菌血癥臨床表現(xiàn)無(wú)特異性,而血培養(yǎng)特異性高,敏感性低,陽(yáng)性結(jié)果約50%,早期診斷困難[17]。1,3-β-d-葡聚糖廣泛存在于除接合菌、隱球菌以外的大多數(shù)真菌細(xì)胞壁中,是酵母菌和絲狀真菌細(xì)胞壁的主要組成成分。筆者所在單位檢測(cè)血1,3-β-d-葡聚糖輔助念珠菌血癥診斷,敏感性68%,特異性91%,陽(yáng)性預(yù)測(cè)值66%,陰性預(yù)測(cè)值90%[18]。

本組無(wú)氟康唑耐藥菌株,4例初始治療選用氟康唑,后因臨床癥狀、體征無(wú)緩解更換為卡泊芬凈;1例因嚴(yán)重膿毒癥初始治療即應(yīng)用卡泊芬凈,治療2周后死亡。本組抗真菌治療療程平均22 d,治療時(shí)間較長(zhǎng),一方面提示白色念珠菌血癥患兒病情重,另一方面可能與初始治療藥物選擇有關(guān)。目前氟康唑、卡泊芬凈為抗真菌治療的一線用藥,文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道念珠菌血癥患者不適當(dāng)?shù)钠鹗贾委熍c30 d病死率相關(guān)[19]。美國(guó)感染性疾病學(xué)會(huì)指南推薦對(duì)于非中性粒細(xì)胞減少、血流動(dòng)力學(xué)穩(wěn)定的非危重感染且先前未使用過(guò)唑類的念珠菌血癥患者首選氟康唑;對(duì)于中度或重癥念珠菌血癥患者,或近期使用過(guò)唑類藥物的念珠菌血癥患者建議選用棘白菌素類。本組4例因白色念珠菌感染導(dǎo)致膿毒癥患兒初始治療選用氟康唑,體溫不退、真菌抗原持續(xù)陽(yáng)性,改用卡泊芬凈后與白色念珠菌感染相關(guān)癥狀、體征消失,如初始治療選擇恰當(dāng)可能會(huì)縮短抗真菌治療時(shí)間[20]。

對(duì)于重癥監(jiān)護(hù)室念珠菌感染高?;純阂朔e極采取預(yù)防措施,在治療原發(fā)病基礎(chǔ)上盡可能保護(hù)解剖生理屏障,減少不必要的有創(chuàng)操作[21]。對(duì)于已存在解剖生理屏障損失患兒應(yīng)積極保護(hù),盡早恢復(fù)屏障完整性,如盡早拔除引流管、早期腸內(nèi)營(yíng)養(yǎng)、促進(jìn)免疫功能恢復(fù)等。對(duì)于免疫功能抑制的重癥患兒給予抗真菌藥物預(yù)防性治療。本組均未進(jìn)行預(yù)防性抗真菌治療,有文獻(xiàn)報(bào)道對(duì)于胃腸道穿孔或結(jié)腸直腸手術(shù)后再次手術(shù)患者應(yīng)用氟康唑預(yù)防性治療,念珠菌血癥發(fā)生率可由1.5/1000降低至0.3/1000,且無(wú)耐藥菌株增加[22]。

綜上所述,對(duì)于先天發(fā)育異常、住院時(shí)間長(zhǎng)、重度營(yíng)養(yǎng)不良、小兒危重癥評(píng)分低、導(dǎo)管留置時(shí)間長(zhǎng)的圍手術(shù)期危重患兒需警惕念珠菌感染發(fā)生,合理初始治療可改善預(yù)后。

[1] Wisplinghoff H, Ebbers J, Geurtz L,etal. Nosocomial bloodstream infections due to Candida spp. in the USA: species distribution, clinical features and antifungal susceptibilities[J].Int J Antimicrob Agents, 2014,43(1):78-81.

[2] Wisplinghoff H, Bischoff T, Tallent S M,etal. Nosocomial bloodstream infections in us hospitals: analysis of 24,179 cases from a prospective nationwide surveillance study[J].Clin Infect Dis, 2004,39(3):309-317.

[3] 中國(guó)醫(yī)學(xué)會(huì)“念珠菌病診治策略高峰論壇”專家組.念珠菌病診斷與治療:專家共識(shí)[J].中國(guó)感染與化療雜志,2011,11(2):81-95.

[4] 小兒危重病例評(píng)分試用協(xié)作組.小兒危重病例評(píng)分法(草案)臨床應(yīng)用的評(píng)價(jià)[J].中華兒科雜志,1998,36(10):579-582.

[5] De Pauw B, Walsh T J, Donnelly J P,etal. Revised definitions of invasive fungal disease from the european organization for research and treatment of cancer/invasive fungal infections cooperative group and the national institute of allergy and infectious diseases mycoses study group (eortc/msg) consensus group[J].Clin Infect Dis, 2008,46(12):1813-1821.

[6] 中華人民共和國(guó)衛(wèi)生部.醫(yī)院感染診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)(試行)[J].中華醫(yī)學(xué)雜志,2001,81(5):314-320.

[7] Muskett H, Shahin J, Eyres G,etal. Risk factors for invasive fungal disease in critically ill adult patients: a systematic review[J].Crit Care, 2011,15(6):287.

[8] Yang S P, Chen Y Y, Hsu H S,etal. A risk factor analysis of healthcare-associated fungal infections in an intensive care unit: a retrospective cohort study[J].BMC Infect Dis, 2013,13: 10.

[9] Puig Asensio M, Padilla B, Garnacho Montero J,etal. Epidemiology and predictive factors for early and late mortality in Candida bloodstream infections: a population- based surveillance in Spain[J].Clin Microbiol Infect, 2014,20(4):245-254

[10]Kuhns M, Rosenberger A, Bader O,etal. Incidence of candidaemia following abdominal surgery in german hospitals[J].Zentralbl Chir, 2015,140(6):617-623.

[11]Jordan I, Balaguer M, Lopez Castilla J D,etal. Per- species risk factors and predictors of invasive Candida infections in patients admitted to pediatric intensive care units: development of ERICAP scoring systems[J].Pediatr Infect Dis J, 2014,33(8):187-193.

[12]Tadec L, Talarmin J P, Gastinne T,etal. Epidemiology, risk factor, species distribution, antifungal resistance and outcome of Candidemia at a single French hospital: a 7-year study[J].Mycoses, 2016,59(5):296-303.

[13]Jensen J U, Hein L, Lundgren B,etal. Invasive Candida infections and the harm from antibacterial drugs in critically ill patients: data from a randomized, controlled trial to determine the role of ciprofloxacin, piperacillin- tazobactam, meropenem, and cefuroxime[J].Crit Care Med, 2015,43(3): 594-602.

[14]金衛(wèi),張曉燕,杜江,等.危重病科念珠菌血癥23例臨床分析[J].臨床薈萃,2016,31(11):1218-1221.

[15]陳菲,朱曉東.危重癥兒童念珠菌血癥的診治進(jìn)展[J].中國(guó)小兒急救醫(yī)學(xué),2013,20(3):215-218,221.

[16]Barchiesi R, Orsetti E, Gesuita R,etal. Epidemiology, clinical characteristics, and outcome of candidemia in a tertiary referral center in Italy from 2010 to 2014[J].Infection, 2016,44(2):205-213.

[17]Cobos Trigueros N, Morata L, Torres J,etal. Usefulness of time-to- positivity in aerobic and anaerobic vials to predict the presence of Candida glabrata in patients with candidaemia[J].J Antimicrob Chemother, 2013,68(12):2839-2841.

[18]Liu Y, Chen F, Zhu X,etal. Evaluation of a novel plasma (1,3)-beta-d- glucan detection assay for diagnosis of candidemia in pediatric patients[J].J Clin Microbiol, 2015,53(9):3017-3020.

[19]Bassetti M, Righi E, Ansaldi F,etal. A multicenter study of septic shock due to candidemia: outcomes and predictors of mortality[J].Intensive Care Med, 2014,40(6):839-845.

[20]Pappas P G, Kauffman C A, Andes D,etal. Clinical practice guidelines for the management of candidiasis: 2009 update by the infectious diseases society of america[J].Clin Infect Dis, 2009,48(5):503-535.

[21]張育才,任玉倩.PICU侵襲性真菌感染現(xiàn)狀[J].中國(guó)小兒急救醫(yī)學(xué),2016,23(9):577-580.

[22]Holzknecht B J, Thorup J, Arendrup M C,etal. Decreasing candidaemia rate in abdominal surgery patients after introduction of fluconazole prophylaxis[J].Clin Microbiol Infection, 2011,17(9):1372-1380.

Clinical Analysis of 5 infants with Hospital-acquired Candida Albicans Bloodstream Infections during Perioperative Period

WEI Hong-xia, CAO Lu-lu, ZHANG Ming-jun, XIE Wei, ZHU Xiao-dong

(Department of Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, Xinhua Hospital Affiliated to School of Medicine of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200092, China)

Objective To investigate risk factors, clinical characteristics, diagnosis, treatment and preventative measures of infants with candida albicans bloodstream infections during perioperative period. Methods Clinical data of 5 infants with hospital-acquired candida albicans bloodstream infections during perioperative period admitted from October 8 to October 21, 2014was retrospectively analyzed, and related literature was reviewed. Results The pediatric critical illness score was (77.00±7.70) score on admission to the intensive care unit, and 4 infants had severe malnutrition. Preoperative diagnosis were 3 infants with short bowel syndrome, 1 infant with congenital megacolon allied disease and congenital esophageal atresia. All the 5 infants had fever, in whom 4 infants had sepsis induced by hospital-acquired candida albicans bloodstream infections, 2 infants had impaired liver function and 3 infants had thrombocytopenia. Central venous catheterization, gastric tube, urethral catheter, broad-spectrum antibiotic and total parenteral nutrition were given for the 5 infants, and there were 4 infants with gastrointestinal surgery and 3 infants with mechanical ventilation. All the 5 infants fitted to the diagnostic criteria of candida albicans bloodstream infections, and were treated with antifungal treatments after confirming diagnosis. In the 5 infants, lengths of ICU and hospital stays were (45.80±13.31)d and (97.40±20.63)d respectively. A total of 1 infant died in ICU stay, and 2 infants died within 90d of follow-up. Conclusion Fever is the mainly clinical manifestation of infants with candida albicans bloodstream infections during perioperative period. Clinicians should pay more attention to incidence of candidiasis for critical infants with congenital aplasia, prolonged hospitalization, severe malnutrition, lower PCIS scores and longer time of ductus detaining during perioperative period, and give adequately initial therapy to improve the prognosis.

Candidemia; Infant; Perioperative period

上海市科委科研計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(16411953000)

200092 上海,上海交通大學(xué)醫(yī)學(xué)院附屬新華醫(yī)院小兒重癥醫(yī)學(xué)科

朱曉東,zhuxiaodong@xinhuamed.com.cn

R725.1;R519

A

1002-3429(2017)08-0053-04

10.3969/j.issn.1002-3429.2017.08.018

2017-05-20 修回時(shí)間:2017-06-16)

猜你喜歡
念珠菌血癥監(jiān)護(hù)室
重癥監(jiān)護(hù)室多重耐藥菌感染的臨床醫(yī)學(xué)監(jiān)護(hù)研究
(1,3)-β-D 葡聚糖聯(lián)合降鈣素原檢測(cè)在菌血癥和念珠菌血癥早期鑒別中的作用
一個(gè)無(wú)需解釋的故事
床旁超聲與移動(dòng)DR在新生兒重癥監(jiān)護(hù)室的應(yīng)用比較
重癥監(jiān)護(hù)室護(hù)士職業(yè)倦怠的研究進(jìn)展
一串佛珠
內(nèi)鏡下黏膜剝離術(shù)后菌血癥及內(nèi)毒素血癥的臨床研究
血清降鈣素原水平預(yù)示革蘭陰性菌血癥的價(jià)值評(píng)估
重癥監(jiān)護(hù)室非發(fā)酵菌的耐藥性分析及治療策略
菌血癥應(yīng)被視為心肌梗死和卒中的危險(xiǎn)因素