張祖珍,陳雅鳳,王福生
(大理大學(xué)藥學(xué)與化學(xué)學(xué)院,云南大理 671000)
藥用植物雙參的三萜類成分研究
張祖珍,陳雅鳳,王福生*
(大理大學(xué)藥學(xué)與化學(xué)學(xué)院,云南大理 671000)
目的:對藥用植物雙參的化學(xué)成分進(jìn)行研究。方法:采用硅膠、Sephadex LH-20、ODS等多種柱層析方法對雙參進(jìn)行分離純化,采用現(xiàn)代波譜學(xué)技術(shù)對分離得到的化合物進(jìn)行結(jié)構(gòu)鑒定。結(jié)果:從雙參地下部分的乙酸乙酯部位分離得到4個三萜類成分,分別鑒定為3β,28-二羥基-烏蘇烷(1)、3β,23-二羥基-12-烯-28-酸(2)、α-香樹精(3)和3β-羥基-24-降-烏蘇-4(23),12-二烯-28-酸(4)。結(jié)論:這4個三萜類成分首次從該藥用植物中分離得到。
雙參;地下部分;三萜類成分
雙參(Triplostegia glandulifera)為川續(xù)斷科雙參屬植物,又稱蘿卜參,對對參,童子參,肚拉,土洋參和一支蒿等,主要產(chǎn)于云南、西藏、四川等地〔1-2〕。雙參因有補(bǔ)腎,健脾益氣,活血調(diào)經(jīng)的功能,常用于久病體虛、補(bǔ)血補(bǔ)氣等〔2〕。本課題組前期研究發(fā)現(xiàn),云南民間藥用植物雙參的粗提物具有明顯的降血糖功能以及顯著的抗氧化應(yīng)激作用〔3-5〕。目前未見文獻(xiàn)報道其化學(xué)成分,為了解藥用植物雙參的活性成分,本實(shí)驗對該植物地下部分的乙酸乙酯部位進(jìn)行了系統(tǒng)研究,并從中得到4個三萜類化合物,分別為3β,28-二羥基-烏蘇烷(1)、3β,23-二羥基-12-烯-28-酸(2)、α-香樹精(3)和3β-羥基-24-降-烏蘇-4(23),12-二烯-28-酸(4)?;衔锏慕Y(jié)構(gòu)見圖1。
圖1 化合物1~4的結(jié)構(gòu)
1.1材料本實(shí)驗所用生藥于2014年11月采自云南省大理州云龍縣五寶山,由大理大學(xué)段寶忠副教授鑒定為川續(xù)斷科雙參屬植物雙參(Triplostegia glandulifera Wall.ex D C)的地下部分,植物標(biāo)本(編號:WFS-20141128)存放于大理大學(xué)藥學(xué)與化學(xué)學(xué)院王福生教授研究組。
1.2儀器與試劑NMR用Bruker AM-400型核磁共振儀測定;旋轉(zhuǎn)蒸發(fā)儀RE-2000A(上海亞榮生化儀器廠);柱色譜硅膠與薄層色譜硅膠GF254(青島海洋化工廠);Sephadex LH-20(Pharmacia);ODS(日本YMC公司);石油醚、氯仿、丙酮、乙酸乙酯和甲醇等試劑為工業(yè)級試劑,均需重蒸后使用。
取雙參干燥地下部分3 kg,粉碎后依次用95%乙醇和50%乙醇水冷浸分別提取5次,將濃縮得到浸膏分散于水中,然后依次用石油醚、乙酸乙酯、正丁醇萃取。乙酸乙酯部分濃縮得24.6 g浸膏進(jìn)行硅膠柱層析,用氯仿-甲醇(20:1,10:1,8:1,6:1,4:1,2:1,0:1)梯度洗脫,得到A-G 7個組分。Fr.C反復(fù)經(jīng)硅膠柱層析(石油醚-乙酸乙酯)、凝膠柱層析,得化合物1(145 mg)和化合物2(15 mg)。Fr.G反復(fù)經(jīng)硅膠柱層析(石油醚-乙酸乙酯)、凝膠和ODS柱層析,得化合物3(8 mg)和化合物4(12 mg)。
化合物1:白色粉末。mp:208~210℃。1H NMR(400 MHz,Pyridine-d5)δ:1.60(m,1H,H-1a),1.09(m,1H,H-1b),1.98~1.89(m,2H,H-2),4.28~4.22(m,1H,H-3a),1.55(d,J=4.2 Hz,1H,H-5),1.46~1.41(m,1H,H-6a),1.70~1.62(m,1H,H-6b),1.36(m,1H,H-7a),1.47(m,1H,H-7b),1.79~1.69(m,1H,H-9),2.01~1.95(m,2H,H-11),5.51(t,J=3.7 Hz,1H,H-12),2.39~2.28(m,1H,H-15a),1.17~1.14(m,1H,H-15b),2.00(m,1H,H-16a),2.11(m,1H,H-16b),2.65(d,J= 11.3 Hz,1H,H-18),1.50~1.45(m,1H,H-19a),1.01(m,1H,H-20b),1.34~1.27(m,1H,H-21a),1.85~1.81(m,1H,H-21b),2.00~1.95(m,2H,H-22),1.24(s,3H,H-23),1.09(s,3H,H-24),0.98(s,3H,H-25),1.01(s,3H,H-26),1.19(s,3H,H-27),4.21(d,J=10.5 Hz,1H,H-28a),3.75(d,J=10.8 Hz,1H,H-28b),1.07(d,J=2.7 Hz,3H,H-29),0.95(d,J=5.8 Hz,3H,H-30);13C NMR(100 MHz,Pyridine-d5)δ:39.12(C-1),27.92(C-2),73.54(C-3),43.10(C-4),48.70(C-5),18.77(C-6),31.27(C-7),43.11(C-8),48.24(C-9),37.33(C-10),23.87(C-11),125.87(C-12),139.47(C-13),42.73(C-14),28.91(C-15),25.11(C-16),40.18(C-17),53.76(C-18),39.67(C-19),39.61(C-20),33.47(C-21),37.66(C-22),26.37(C-23),13.41(C-24),16.32(C-25),17.72(C-26),24.11(C-27),68.00(C-28),17.70(C-29),21.61(C-30)。上述波譜數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)〔6〕報道的數(shù)據(jù)基本一致,故鑒定化合物1為3β,28-二羥基-烏蘇烷。
化合物2:無色片狀結(jié)晶(甲醇)。mp:271~273℃。1H NMR(400 MHz,DMSO-d6)δ:0.87(d,J=1.7 Hz,1H,H-1a),1.52~1.49(m,1H,H-1b),1.49~1.42(m,2H,H-2),3.48~3.40(m,1H,H-3a),1.50~1.48(m,1H,H-5),1.13~1.07(m,1H,H-6a),1.43~1.35(m,1H,H-6b),1.22~1.15(m,1H,H-7a),1.49~1.42(m,1H,H-7b),1.13~1.07(m,1H,H-9),1.89~1.77(m,2H,H-11),5.12(t,J=3.7 Hz,1H,H-12),0.98(dd,J=13.4,3.2 Hz,1H,H-15a),1.83~1.74(m,1H,H-15b),1.93(td,J=13.1,4.1 Hz, 1H,H-16a),1.54~1.48(m,1H,H-16b),2.10(d,J=11.2 Hz,1H,H-18),1.34~1.22(m,1H,H-19a),0.91(m,1H,H-20b),1.43~1.35(m,1H,H-21a),1.36~1.21(m,1H,H-21b),1.58~1.50(m,2H,H-22),3.32(d,J=10.3 Hz,1H,H-23a),3.07(d,J=10.4 Hz,1H,H-23b),0.53(s,3H,H-24),0.88(s,3H,H-25),0.74(s,3H,H-26),1.04(s,3H,H-27),0.81(d,J=6.5 Hz,3H,H-29),0.91(d,J= 2.3 Hz,3H,H-30);13C NMR(100 MHz,DMSO-d6)δ:38.13(C-1),26.60(C-2),70.33(C-3),41.71(C-4),47.04(C-5),17.50(C-6),32.29(C-7),39.00(C-8),46.41(C-9),36.36(C-10),22.90(C-11),124.62(C-12),138.24(C-13),41.86(C-14),27.56(C-15),23.84(C-16),46.84(C-17),52.41(C-18),38.53(C-19),38.46(C-20),30.21(C-21),36.24(22),64.48(C-23),12.72(C-24),15.64(C-25),17.08(C-26),23.35(C-27),178.31(C-28),16.99(C-29),21.11(C-30)。上述波譜數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)〔7〕報道的數(shù)據(jù)基本一致,故鑒定化合物2為3β,23-二羥基-12-烯-28-酸。
化合物3:白色粉末。mp:187~190℃。1HNMR(400 MHz,CD3OD)δ:1.66(m,1H,H-1a),1.59(m,1H,H-1b),1.59~1.54(m,2H,H-2),3.11(dd,J=11.1,5.0 Hz,1H,H-3a),0.72~0.69(m,1H,H-5),1.52(m,1H,H-6a),1.39(m,1H,H-6b),1.32~1.22(m,1H,H-7a),1.49~1.46(m,1H,H-7b),1.53(m,1H,H-9),1.92~1.87(m,2H,H-11),5.22~5.17(m,1H,H-12),1.89~1.82(m,1H,H-15a),1.09~1.01(m,1H,H-15b),2.06~1.97(m,1H,H-16a),1.66~1.60(m,1H,H-16b),2.16(d,J=11.4 Hz,1H,H-18),1.32(q,J=3.1 Hz,1H,H-19a),0.94~0.93(m,1H,H-20b),1.32~1.22(m,1H,H-21a),1.50~1.46(m,1H,H-21b),1.66~1.60(m,2H,H-22),0.74(s,3H,H-23),0.92(s,3H,H-24),0.81(s,3H,H-25),0.81(s,3H,H-26),1.08(s,3H,H-27),0.94(s,3H,H-28),0.85(d,J=6.5 Hz,3H,H-29),0.93(d,J=2.8 Hz,3H,H-30);13C NMR(100 MHz,CD3OD)δ:38.12(C-1),27.89(C-2),79.68(C-3),39.84(C-4),56.73(C-5),19.48(C-6),34.33(C-7),40.77(C-8),48.99(C-9),40.54(C-10),24.36(C-11),126.86(C-12),139.64(C-13),43.24(C-14),29.21(C-15),25.33(C-16),31.63(C-17),54.36(C-18),40.42(C-19),40.43(C-20),31.78(C-21),38.10(C-22),16.40(C-23),28.78(C-24),16.04(C-25),17.81(C-26),24.11(C-27),28.73(C-28),17.67(C-29),21.60(C-30)。上述波譜數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)〔8〕報道的數(shù)據(jù)基本一致,故鑒定化合物3為a-香樹精。
化合物4:白色粉末。1H NMR(400 MHz,CD3OD)δ:1.16(m,1H,H-1a),1.75~1.69(m,1H,H-1b),1.46~1.37(m,1H,H-2a),1.60~1.50(m,1H,H-2b),3.90(dd,J=11.6,5.7 Hz,1H,H-3a),1.59~1.55(m,1H,H-5),1.52~1.48(m,2H,H-6),1.50~1.44(m,1H,H-7a),1.34(dd,J=11.4,3.5 Hz,1H,H-7b),1.72~1.67(m,1H,H-9),1.97(m,1H,H-11a),1.64(m,1H,H-11b),5.22(t,J=3.7 Hz,1H,H-12),1.96~1.89(m,1H,H-15a),1.12~1.03(m,1H,H-15b),1.67(m,1H,H-16a),2.03(m,1H,H-16b),2.18(d,J=11.5 Hz,1H,H-18),1.39~1.27(m,1H,H-19a),0.98~0.94(m,1H,H-20b),1.89~1.80(m,1H,H-21a),1.39(m,1H,H-21b),1.76~1.62(m,2H,H-22),5.00(s,1H,H-23a),4.58(s,1H,H-23b),0.73(s,3H,H-25),0.86(s,3H,H-26),1.11(s,3H,H-27),0.93(d,J=2.0 Hz,3H,H-29),0.84(d,J=6.4 Hz,3H,H-30);13C NMR(100 MHz,CD3OD)δ:39.92(C-1),32.89(C-2),73.72(C-3),154.32(C-4),51.56(C-5),22.32(C-6),31.79(C-7),40.95(C-8),46.42(C-9),39.71(C-10),25.28(C-11),127.05(C-12),139.88(C-13),43.48(C-14),29.16(C-15),25.34(C-16),49.07(C-17),54.51(C-18),40.42(C-19),40.39(C-20),33.13(C-21),38.10(C-22),102.91(C-23),14.18(C-25),17.69(C-26),24.07(C-27),181.68(C-28),21.59(C-29),17.82(C-30)。上述波譜數(shù)據(jù)與文獻(xiàn)〔9〕報道的波譜數(shù)據(jù)基本一致,故鑒定化合物4為3β-羥基-24-降-烏蘇-4(23),12-二烯-28-酸。
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Study on Trierpenoid Compositions of MedicinalPlants Triplostegia glandulifera
Zhang Zuzhen,Chen Yafeng,Wang Fusheng*
(College of Pharmacy and Chemistry,Dali University,Dali,Yunnan 671000,China)
Objective:To study the chemical compositions of the Medicinal Plants Triplostegia glandulifera.Methods:The compounds were isolated and purified by silica gel,Sephadex LH-20 and ODS column chromatography methods,and their structures were identified by modern spectroscopy techniques.Results:Four trierpenoid compositions were isolated from ethylacetate fraction of the underground part of T.glandulifera and identified as 3β,28-dihydroxy-ursane(1),3β,23-Dihydroxyurs-12-en-28-oic-acid(2),α-Amirina(3),and 3β-hydroxy-24-nor-urs-4(23),12-dien-28-oic acid(4).Conclusion:Four trierpenoid compositions were isolated from this genus for the firsttime.
Triplostegia glandulifera;underground part;trierpenoid compositions
R932
A
2096-2266(2017)04-0006-03
10.3969/j.issn.2096-2266.2017.04.002
(責(zé)任編輯 李 楊)
國家自然科學(xué)基金資助項目(31360082)
2016-08-16
2016-12-23
張祖珍,碩士研究生,主要從事天然藥物化學(xué)研究.
*通信作者:王福生,教授,博士.