鄒 丹, 馮秀艷,周偉強
(沈陽醫(yī)學院1.病理生理學教研室、2.遼寧省環(huán)境污染與微生態(tài)重點實驗室,遼寧 沈陽 110034)
HDAC1在調(diào)控乳腺癌MCF-7細胞p21WAF1/CIP1轉(zhuǎn)錄過程中與ERα的協(xié)同作用
鄒 丹1, 馮秀艷2,周偉強2
(沈陽醫(yī)學院1.病理生理學教研室、2.遼寧省環(huán)境污染與微生態(tài)重點實驗室,遼寧 沈陽 110034)
目的研究乳腺癌MCF-7細胞中組蛋白去乙?;?(histone deacetylases 1,HDAC1)、雌激素受體α(estrogen receptor α,ERα)共同募集于p21WAF1/CIP1啟動子特定區(qū)域,調(diào)控其轉(zhuǎn)錄活性的具體作用位點,同時明確辛二酰苯胺異羥肟酸(suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid,SAHA)及瘦素(Leptin)在調(diào)節(jié)p21WAF1/CIP1啟動子功能中的作用機制。方法將處于對數(shù)生長期的乳腺癌MCF-7細胞在無血清培養(yǎng)基中饑餓24 h后,分別用20 μmol·L-10.88 μL SAHA (SAHA組)、0.625 nmol·L-110 μL Leptin(Leptin組)處理24 h,對照組(Basal組)細胞培養(yǎng)在完全型RPMI 1640培養(yǎng)基中。各組細胞裂解液先后與HDAC1抗體及ERα抗體進行染色質(zhì)免疫共沉淀(chromatin-immunoprecipitation, ChIP)孵育,收集純化結(jié)合HDAC1及ERα抗體的DNA片段,應(yīng)用Real-time PCR法檢測p21WAF1/CIP1啟動子區(qū)從轉(zhuǎn)錄起始位點(transcription start site, TSS)到其上游(+2~-4 000 bp) f1~f10片段的DNA相對表達量,并用2-△△CT法分析。結(jié)果Basal組中,HDAC1、ERα抗體在p21WAF1/CIP1啟動子區(qū)f1、f8片段有高親和力。SAHA 組中,HDAC1、ERα抗體與p21WAF1/CIP1啟動子區(qū)f1、f8片段結(jié)合量明顯低于對照組,而在Leptin組兩片段與HDAC1、ERα抗體結(jié)合量明顯高于對照組。結(jié)論乳腺癌MCF-7細胞增殖過程中,細胞增殖信號可招募HDAC1、ERα至p21WAF1/CIP1啟動子區(qū)。該啟動子區(qū)上游0~-400 bp,-2 800~-3 200 bp DNA片段是與HDAC1、ERα共同作用的靶功能區(qū)。
乳腺癌; MCF-7細胞;p21WAF1/CIP1;組蛋白去乙?;?;雌激素受體α;辛二酰苯胺異羥肟酸;瘦素
乳腺癌是常見女性惡性腫瘤,其中70%的患者為雌激素受體α(estrogen receptor α,ERα)陽性。ERα陽性的乳腺癌MCF-7細胞,其生長與增殖主要受ER信號系統(tǒng)驅(qū)動,此信號系統(tǒng)亦可被瘦素(Leptin)信號系統(tǒng)所激活[1]。女性體內(nèi)瘦素水平增加,其患高惡性、低分化且預(yù)后不良的乳腺癌幾率大大增加[2]。p21WAF1/CIP1是細胞周期依賴性蛋白激酶抑制劑,可使細胞周期停滯、促進細胞凋亡并抑制癌細胞的轉(zhuǎn)移和侵襲。本研究的前期工作證實,瘦素處理后的小鼠乳腺癌4T1細胞p21WAF1/CIP1mRNA及蛋白表達水平遠遠低于瘦素未處理組細胞[3]。組蛋白去乙?;? (histone deacetylases 1,HDAC1)使組蛋白去乙酰化,可與一些調(diào)控腫瘤發(fā)生發(fā)展的基因啟動子區(qū)結(jié)合,抑制這些基因的轉(zhuǎn)錄。辛二酰苯胺異羥肟酸 (suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid,SAHA)是目前已知最經(jīng)典的HDAC抑制劑(histone deacetylase inhibitor, HDACi)之一, 可抑制組蛋白去乙酰化酶活性,通過上調(diào)p21WAF1/CIP1引起細胞周期阻滯于G1期而抑制細胞增殖[4]。本實驗旨在尋找HDAC1及ERα共同募集于p21WAF1/CIP1啟動子區(qū),調(diào)控其轉(zhuǎn)錄活性的具體作用位點,明確SAHA及瘦素在調(diào)節(jié)p21WAF1/CIP1啟動子功能過程中的分子機制。
1.1材料人乳腺癌細胞株MCF-7(美國ATCC細胞庫),SAHA(Sigma), Leptin(Sigma), 完全型RPMI 1640培養(yǎng)液(Thermo), 改良型RPMI 1640培養(yǎng)液(Thermo), 磷酸鹽緩沖液1×(Thermo), 0.25%胰酶-EDTA(Gibco), 89890 ZebaTM脫鹽離心柱(Thermo),PierceTMAgarose ChIP試劑盒(Thermo), HDAC1及ERα抗體(Abcam), Power SYBR?Green PCR Master Mix(Life technologies), p21WAF1/CIP1f1~f10引物(上海生工生物工程有限公司)。 超凈工作臺(Thermo)、CO2恒溫細胞培養(yǎng)箱(Thermo), Biofuge 28RS低溫高速離心機(Heraeus), 倒置顯微鏡(Olympus), SK-D1807-E 搖床(Scilogex), 恒溫混勻器(Eppendorf), 7500 Real-time PCR儀(Life technologies)。
1.2方法
1.2.1細胞培養(yǎng) 將MCF-7細胞接種在完全型RPMI 1640培養(yǎng)液(10%胎牛血清,青霉素、鏈霉素100 kU·L-1)中,37℃、5% CO2孵箱飽和濕度條件下貼壁傳代培養(yǎng),每2~3 d換液并傳代1次。0.25%胰酶-EDTA消化。經(jīng)2~3次傳代,取對數(shù)生長期的細胞等量分成3組,分別接種于完全型RPMI 1640培養(yǎng)液中,24 h后,再將細胞置于改良型RPMI 1640培養(yǎng)液中進行同步化處理24 h。此后,將3組細胞分別定義為SAHA組(完全型RPMI 1640培養(yǎng)液10 mL+20 μmol·L-1SAHA 0.88 μL)、Leptin組(完全型RPMI 1640培養(yǎng)液10 mL+0.625 nmol·L-1Leptin 10 μL)、Basal對照組(等量完全型RPMI 1640培養(yǎng)液)。
1.2.2先后使用HDAC1及Eα抗體經(jīng)兩次ChIP(即ChIP-on-ChIP)方法處理樣品 MCF-7細胞的甲醛交聯(lián)及細胞團的分離;細胞溶解及MNase 消化,每組樣品各得到50 μL的MNase 消化產(chǎn)物,留取5 μL -20℃保存作為內(nèi)對照,45 μL進行下一步的免疫沉淀處理,免疫沉淀過程中需向每個ChIP樣品加入HDAC1抗體10 μg;HDAC1抗體-組蛋白-DNA免疫沉淀洗脫:向免疫沉淀物中加入150 μL 1×IP洗脫液,室溫振蕩孵育30 min,再加入150 μL 1×IP洗脫液,室溫振蕩孵育10 min。3 000×g2 min離心收集洗脫下來的免疫沉淀物,將洗脫復(fù)合物置于到經(jīng)1×IP稀釋液預(yù)處理的Zeba脫鹽洗脫柱上(參見操作手冊),1 000×g離心2 min收集樣品。向各組樣品中加入1×IP稀釋液至500 μL,加入Eα抗體7.5 μg,進行再次免疫沉淀(參見操作手冊),最終3組MCF-7細胞均獲得使用HDAC1及Eα抗體進行2次ChIP得到的DNA及各自的內(nèi)對照。
1.2.3Real-time PCR 檢測各組p21WAF1/CIP1f1~f10片段的DNA相對表達 PCR反應(yīng)體系為25 μL:DNA 1.5 μL,上、下游引物各0.75 μL,PCR Master Mix 12.5 μL, ddH2O 9.5 μL。反應(yīng)條件為: 50℃ 2 min ,95℃ 10 min預(yù)變性, 95℃ 15 s, 60℃ 1 min, 共40個循環(huán)。每個樣品3個復(fù)孔,采用2-△△CT法計算各組DNA的相對表達量。p21WAF1/CIP1啟動子區(qū)的10個片段的引物序列為:f1:Forward 5′-TCCTCCTGGAGAGTGCCAAC-3′,Reverse 5′-TTGGTGCGCTGGACACATTT-3′;f2:Forward 5′-TTCCCGGAAGCATGTGACAA-3′,Reverse 5′-GCACCTGGAGCACCTAG ACACC-3′;f3:Forward 5′-CCCGTTTCCCCAGCAGTGTA-3′,Reverse 5′-GCCAGGAAGGGGAGGATTTG-3′;f4:Forward 5′-AGGCCAAGGGGGTCTGCTAC-3′,Reverse 5′-CGGGGAGGACAGGCTTCTTT-3′;f5:Forward 5′-TGAAAGCAGAGGGGCTTCAA-3′,Reverse 5′-ACCATCCAAAGGGCTGGTTG-3′;f6:Forward 5′-TGTCCTTGGGCTGCCTGTTT-3′,Reverse 5′-AGCCCTGTCG CAAGGATCTG-3′;f7:Forward 5′-TTCTGCAGCCACCACTGAGC-3′,Reverse 5′-GTGGAGCAGCATGGGGTAGG-3′;f8:Forward5′-CCCACCTCAGCCACCTGAA T-3′,Reverse 5′-GGGCAGATCACAGGGTCAGG-3′;f9:Forward 5′-AGTGGGCACATTTAGACATAGCAGG T-3′,Reverse 5′-CCTCCCGGTCATGCCTTT C-3′;f10:Forward 5′-GTCAGGTGCCACTGGGGTCT-3′,Reverse 5′-CGGTCCCCTGTTTCAATGCT-3′。p21WAF1/CIP1啟動子區(qū)+2~ -4000 bp 10個選定區(qū)域f1~f10(Fig 1)。
Fig 1 Schematic diagram of HDAC1 and ERα response elementfor regulating transcriptional function of p21WAF1/CIP1 promoter
2.1Basal組MCF-7細胞p21WAF1/CIP1啟動子區(qū)f1~f10片段HDAC1及ERα高功能結(jié)合位點篩選Basal組MCF-7細胞經(jīng)HDAC1及ERα抗體2次ChIP處理后,45 μL樣品與5 μL內(nèi)對照的DNA分別與f1~f10引物作用進行Real-time PCR擴增,所得CT值之差為該樣品在p21WAF1/CIP1啟動子區(qū)各自片段的ΔCT值,再以f4片段為對照,其他片段的△CT值與其相減,得到Basal組樣品在p21WAF1/CIP1啟動子區(qū)f1~f10片段各自△△CT值,采用2-△△CT法計算各片段DNA的相對表達量。Basal組f1~f3、f5~f10片段DNA的相對表達量為(1.93±0.13)、(1.31±0.07)、(1.44±0.09)、(1.77±0.08)、(1.32±0.09)、(1.75±0.15)、(2.81±0.36)、(1.76±0.07)、(2.48±0.18),較f4片段相對表達量(1±0)明顯升高(P<0.01),f8片段達最高值(Fig 2)。
2.2SAHA作用下MCF-7細胞p21WAF1/CIP1啟動子區(qū)f1~f10片段HDAC1及ERα高功能結(jié)合位點篩選將SAHA處理后的MCF-7細胞的DNA組分,經(jīng)HDAC1及ERα抗體2次ChIP處理后,進行Real-time PCR檢測。結(jié)果表明,SAHA組MCF-7細胞的p21WAF1/CIP1啟動子f1及f8片段結(jié)合HDAC1及 ERα抗體的 DNA相對表達量為(0.51±0.04)、(0.41±0.04),較Basal組對應(yīng)片段相對表達量(1±0)均明顯降低(P<0.01),見Fig 3。
Fig 2 Screening of high function bindsite of HDAC1 and ERα among f1~f10 fragmentsof p21WAF1/CIP1 promoter region in basal group MCF-7 cells
**P<0.01vsf4 fragment
Fig 3 Screening of high function bindsite of HDAC1 and ERα among f1~f10 fragments ofp21WAF1/CIP1 promoter region in SAHA group MCF-7 cells
**P<0.01vsbasal group
2.3Leptin作用下MCF-7細胞p21WAF1/CIP1啟動子區(qū)f1~f10片段HDAC1及ERα高功能結(jié)合位點篩選將Leptin處理后的MCF-7細胞的DNA組分,經(jīng)HDAC1及ERα抗體2次ChIP處理后,進行Real-time PCR 檢測。結(jié)果表明,Leptin組細胞p21WAF1/CIP1啟動子區(qū)f1~f3、f6~f10片段結(jié)合HDAC1及ERα抗體的DNA相對表達量為(1.28±0.06)、(1.12±0.07)、(1.32±0.08)、(1.66±0.17)、(1.66±0.15)、(1.80±0.22)、(1.48±0.14)、(1.32±0.25),較Basal組對應(yīng)片段相對表達量(1±0)均明顯升高(P<0.01),f8片段達最高值(Fig 4)。
Fig 4 Screening of high function bind siteof HDAC1 and ERα among f1~f10 fragments ofp21WAF1/CIP1 promoter region in Leptin group MCF-7 cells
**P<0.01vsbasal group
2.4SAHA、Leptin分別作用下MCF-7細胞p21WAF1/CIP1啟動子區(qū)f1片段結(jié)合HDAC1及ERα抗體的相對表達量比較SAHA、Leptin組MCF-7細胞p21WAF1/CIP1啟動子區(qū)f1片段結(jié)合HDAC1及ERα抗體的DNA相對表達量為(0.51±0.04)、(1.28±0.06),與Basal組對應(yīng)片段相對表達量(1±0)相比,差異均有統(tǒng)計學意義(P<0.01),見Fig 5。
Fig 5 Comparison of high function bind of HDAC1and ERα in f1 fragment of p21WAF1/CIP1 promoter regionin MCF-7 cells among SAHA, Basal and Leptin group
**P<0.01vsbasal group
2.5SAHA、Leptin分別作用下MCF-7細胞p21WAF1/CIP1啟動子區(qū)f8片段結(jié)合HDAC1及ERα抗體的相對表達量比較SAHA、Leptin組MCF-7細胞p21WAF1/CIP1啟動子區(qū)f8片段結(jié)合HDAC1及ERα抗體的DNA相對表達量為(0.41±0.06)、(1.80±0.22),與Basal組對應(yīng)片段相對表達量(1±0)相比,差異均有統(tǒng)計學意義(P<0.01),見Fig 6。
Fig 6 Comparison of high function bindof HDAC1 and ERα in f8 fragment of p21WAF1/CIP1 promoterregion in MCF-7 cells among SAHA, Basal and Leptin group
**P<0.01vsbasal group
乳腺癌 MCF-7 細胞為ER陽性的乳腺癌經(jīng)典細胞系,其ERα位于細胞核內(nèi),是雌激素激活的轉(zhuǎn)錄因子,通過調(diào)節(jié)特異性靶基因的轉(zhuǎn)錄而發(fā)揮基因型調(diào)節(jié)效應(yīng)。雌激素應(yīng)答成分(estrogen response element, EREs)位于雌激素應(yīng)答靶基因的啟動子區(qū),ERα可直接結(jié)合到EREs或通過與AP1、SP1、MTA1、HDAC1等其他轉(zhuǎn)錄因子結(jié)合,調(diào)控靶基因的轉(zhuǎn)錄,促進乳腺癌細胞的增生[5]。乳腺癌 MCF-7 細胞引起癌前病變及癌腫中ERα的表達均增高[6]。ERα是乳腺癌細胞增殖過程中的重要調(diào)控因素, ERα基因的表達及其轉(zhuǎn)錄活性的調(diào)控都離不開HDACs的參與[7],尤其是 HDAC1 和 HDAC7[8]。
本實驗利用ChIP-on-ChIP方法研究發(fā)現(xiàn),Basal組MCF-7細胞p21WAF1/CIP1基因TSS近端啟動子調(diào)節(jié)區(qū)f1~f3和遠端調(diào)節(jié)區(qū)f5~f10片段結(jié)合HDAC1及ERα抗體的DNA相對表達量較f4片段明顯升高。這表明在細胞增殖過程中,HDAC1及ERα可被招募至p21WAF1/CIP1啟動子區(qū),其中f1及f8片段均與之有較高能力的結(jié)合。
在乳腺癌細胞增殖過程中,細胞增殖信號在p21WAF1/CIP1的啟動子區(qū)可招募HDAC1轉(zhuǎn)錄因子,通過組蛋白去乙?;碛^遺傳修飾影響p21WAF1/CIP1表達。前期研究證實,SAHA可降低HDAC1在p21WAF1/CIP1啟動子區(qū)的結(jié)合[9]。此外,HDACi也顯示出對ERα 基因表達的下調(diào)作用[10]。SAHA可以從轉(zhuǎn)錄水平抑制ERα合成,同時可以通過增強Hsp90乙酰化修飾,促進ERα經(jīng)泛素-蛋白酶體通路降解[11]。本研究發(fā)現(xiàn),SAHA作用下的MCF-7細胞, p21WAF1/CIP1啟動子區(qū)f1及f8片段結(jié)合HDAC1及ERα抗體的DNA相對表達量明顯低于對照組,這表明f1及f8片段可能是SAHA發(fā)揮作用的功能敏感區(qū)。
Leptin可通過調(diào)控細胞周期、凋亡、影響細胞外環(huán)境等多重機制,促進雌激素受體陽性的MCF-7乳腺癌細胞增殖與轉(zhuǎn)移[12]。Leptin可提高HDAC1的活性,使核心組蛋白去乙酰化,從而抑制p21WAF1/CIP1的表達,最終促進細胞周期從G1期到S期的進程[13]。另有報道,Leptin可通過促進芳香酶的表達,導致雌激素生成增多[14],也可上調(diào)乳腺癌MCF-7細胞中ERα的表達水平[15]。本實驗中,Leptin作用下的MCF-7細胞, p21WAF1/CIP1啟動子區(qū)f1~f3及f6~f10片段結(jié)合HDAC1及ERα抗體的DNA相對表達量較對照組增多,但根據(jù)SAHA組細胞p21WAF1/CIP1啟動子區(qū)各片段結(jié)合HDAC1及ERα抗體情況的篩選結(jié)果,可以推斷在乳腺癌發(fā)生、發(fā)展過程中, f1及f8片段可能是Leptin與SAHA均發(fā)揮作用的功能敏感區(qū)。
綜上所述,本研究通過ChIP on ChIP實驗技術(shù)篩選出Basal組乳腺癌MCF-7細胞p21WAF1/CIP1啟動子區(qū)的HDAC1及ERα高功能結(jié)合位點,進而利用SAHA 及Leptin的藥理學特征,使用SAHA 及Leptin對MCF-7細胞進行分組處理,ChIP on ChIP 2次抗體結(jié)合后DNA檢測,進一步明確p21WAF1/CIP1啟動子區(qū)0~400 bp、-2 800~-3 200 bp兩區(qū)域可能是與HDAC1和ERα高度結(jié)合的功能活躍區(qū)。此研究發(fā)現(xiàn)豐富了SAHA和Leptin在調(diào)節(jié)p21WAF1/CIP1啟動子功能過程中的分子機制,更為抗乳腺癌的藥物研發(fā)及靶向治療奠定了理論和實驗基礎(chǔ)。
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SynergisticeffectofERαonHDAC1regulatingtranscriptionofp21WAF1/CIP1inbreastcancerMCF-7cells
ZOU Dan1,FENG Xiu-yan2, ZHOU Wei-qiang2
(1.DeptofPathophysiology, 2.KeyLabofEnvironmentalPollutionandMicroecologyofLiaoningProvince,ShenyangMedicalCollege,Shenyang110034,China)
AimTo investigate the specific binding sites that histone deacetylases 1(HDAC1) and estrogen receptor α(ERα)can be recruited to regulate the transcriptional activity of p21WAF1/CIP1promoter in the breast cancer MCF-7 cells, and to clarify the molecular mechanism of suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid(SAHA) and leptin regulating p21WAF1/CIP1promoter function.MethodsThe breast cancer MCF-7 cells in logarithmic growth phase were starved with FBS free medium for 24 hours, and treated with 20 μmol·L-1SAHA(SAHA group) or 0.625 nmol·L-1leptin(Leptin group) for 24 hours. The cells that were cultured in complete RPMI 1640 medium without any treatment were assigned as control group(Basal group). The cell lysis was prepared and incubated respectively with anti-HDAC1 and anti-ERα antibody by chromatin-immunoprecipitation(ChIP) method overnight at 4℃. The DNA-ChIP was followed the manufacturer′s protocol for the assay. DNA fragments binding anti-HDAC1 and anti-ERα antibody were gathered and purified. The relative expression level of DNA fragments from TSS to the upstream of the p21WAF1/CIP1promoter region(+2~-4 000 bp) binding with antibody was detected by real-time PCR and analyzed by 2-△△CTmethod.ResultsIn basal group, HDAC1 and ERα had high affinity with the f1 and f8 fragments of p21WAF1/CIP1promoter compared to the f4 fragment. In SAHA group, the binding ability of HDAC1 and ERα to the f1 and f8 fragments of p21WAF1/CIP1promoter was significantly lower than that of the control, while reversing to reach the peak after leptin treatment.ConclusionsHDAC1 and ERα can be recruited to p21WAF1/CIP1promoter by the cell proliferation signal during the proliferation of breast cancer MCF-7 cells. The DNA f1(from 0 to -400 bp) and f8(from -2 800 to -3 200 bp) fragment in the upstream of p21WAF1/CIP1promoter are the target functional region for the binding with HDAC1and ERα.
breast cancer; MCF-7 cell; p21WAF1/CIP1; HDAC1; ERα; suberoylanilide hydroxamic acid; leptin
時間:2017-8-20 16:47 網(wǎng)絡(luò)出版地址:http://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/34.1086.R.20170820.1647.024.html
2017-06-05,
2017-07-11
國家自然科學基金資助項目(No 81172509);遼寧省自然科學基金資助項目(No 201602735);沈陽市科技計劃項目(No F15-199-1-28)
鄒 丹(1971-),女,博士,副教授,研究方向:腫瘤調(diào)控,E-mail: 2306344641@qq.com; 周偉強(1970-),男,博士,教授,研究方向:腫瘤調(diào)控,通訊作者,E-mail: zhouwq@hotmail.com
10.3969/j.issn.1001-1978.2017.09.012
A
:1001-1978(2017)09-1243-06
R329.2;R392.11;R394.2;R737.902.2;R977.1;R977.3