王俊蘭++++++朱艷紅++++++周新+++++王玉貞
[摘要] 目的 探討胎膜早破患者血清中白介素22(IL-22)、白介素22受體1(IL-22R1)、C反應蛋白(CRP)、白細胞(WBC)表達與絨毛膜羊膜炎的關系。方法 選擇2016年10月~2017年9月滄州市婦幼保健院(以下簡稱“我院”)收治的100例胎膜早破患者作為研究對象。根據(jù)有無絨毛膜羊膜炎及感染程度分為臨床絨毛膜羊膜炎組(38例)、亞臨床絨毛膜羊膜炎組(33例)和無絨毛膜羊膜炎組(29例),另隨機選擇我院同期收治的30例正常足月妊娠孕婦作為對照組。比較四組孕婦血清中IL-22、IL-22R1、CRP、WBC水平,并用ROC曲線分析各指標對絨毛膜羊膜炎的診斷價值。 結果 血清中WBC:臨床絨毛膜羊膜炎組、亞臨床絨毛膜羊膜炎組、無絨毛膜羊膜炎組均高于對照組,臨床絨毛膜羊膜炎組高于亞臨床絨毛膜羊膜炎組和無絨毛膜羊膜炎組,差異均有統(tǒng)計學意義(P < 0.05),亞臨床絨毛膜羊膜炎組高于無絨毛膜羊膜炎組,但差異無統(tǒng)計學意義(P > 0.05);血清中CRP、IL-22和IL-22R1蛋白:臨床絨毛膜羊膜炎組、亞臨床絨毛膜羊膜炎組、無絨毛膜羊膜炎組均高于對照組,臨床絨毛膜羊膜炎組高于亞臨床絨毛膜羊膜炎組和無絨毛膜羊膜炎組,亞臨床絨毛膜羊膜炎組高于無絨毛膜羊膜炎組,差異均有統(tǒng)計學意義(P < 0.05)。四組患者血清中WBC、CRP、IL-22、IL-22R1的曲線下面積分別為0.717、0.778、0.909、0.916(P = 0.049、0.028、0.000、0.000)。 結論 IL-22、IL-22R1、CRP、WBC等指標在預測胎膜早破并發(fā)絨毛膜羊膜炎方面均有一定臨床意義,且IL-22和IL-22R1預測價值最高,尤其是在預測亞臨床絨毛膜羊膜炎患者方面。
[關鍵詞] 胎膜早破;絨毛膜羊膜炎;白細胞計數(shù);C反應蛋白;白介素22受體1
[中圖分類號] R714.433 [文獻標識碼] A [文章編號] 1673-7210(2017)11(b)-0075-04
[Abstract] Objective To investigate the relationship between expression of IL-22, IL-22R1, CRP and WBC in serum of patients with premature rupture of membranes and chorioamnionitis. Methods A total of 100 patients with premature rupture of membranes who were treated in Cangzhou Maternal and Child Health Care Hospital ("our hospital" for short) from October 20 to September 2017 were selected as subjects, and they were divided into clinical chorioamnionitis group (38 cases), subclinical chorioamnionitis group (33 cases) and no chorionic amnioticitis group (29 cases) according to whether infected with chorioamnionitis and infection degree. Another 30 cases of normal full-term pregnant women in our hospital were randomly selected as a control group. The serum levels of IL-22, IL-22R1, CRP and WBC of pregnant women in four groups were tested. The diagnostic value of each index by ROC curve were analyzed. Results Serum WBC: clinical chorioamniositis group, subclinical chorioamnitis group, chorionic amniotic inflammation group were higher than the control group. Clinical chorioamniositis group was higher than subclinical chorioamniositis group (P < 0.05), while without significant difference between the subclinical chorioamnionitis group and the chorionic amniotic group (P > 0.05). Serum CRP, IL-22 and IL-22R1: the levels of them in the clinical chorioamniositis group, subclinical chorioamnionitis group and no chorionic amniotic inflammation group were higher than those in the control group. The levels in the clinical chorioamnitis group was higher than subclinical chorioamnionitis group and no chorionic amniotic inflammation group (P < 0.05). There was also a remarkable difference between the subclinica chorioamniositis group and no chorionic amniotic inflammation group (P < 0.05). The area under the curve (AUC) of WBC, CRP, IL-22 and IL-22R1 in the serum of the four groups was 0.717, 0.778, 0.909 and 0.916 (P = 0.049, 0.028, 0.000 and 0.000). Conclusion There is a definite clinical significance of IL-22, IL-22R1, CRP, WBC in the prediction of premature rupture of membranes with chorioamniositis, of which IL-22 and IL-22R1 has the highest predict value, especially in the prediction of patients with subclinical chorioamnionitis.endprint
[Key words] Premature rupture of membranes; Chorioamniositis; WBC; CRP; IL-22; IL-22R1
胎膜早破(premature rupture of membranes,PROM)是妊娠晚期的常見并發(fā)癥,可導致早產(chǎn)、宮內(nèi)感染、產(chǎn)褥感染以及絨毛膜羊膜炎等疾病,是母嬰患病和死亡的重要原因之一[1-2]。絨毛膜羊膜炎由胎膜破裂后多種微生物上行感染引起,感染率隨破膜時間增加而越高[3],常引起宮內(nèi)感染、新生兒敗血癥、新生兒腦損傷等不良母嬰結局[4]。其臨床癥狀在早期并不明顯,常出現(xiàn)在感染晚期,因此許多無癥狀的亞臨床絨毛膜羊膜炎難以及時診斷并發(fā)現(xiàn),延誤治療時機。所以早期診斷亞臨床絨毛膜羊膜炎至關重要,尋求能夠早期、準確的相關臨床預測指標已成為熱點問題。白細胞計數(shù)(white blood cell,WBC)以及C反應蛋白(C-reactive protein,CRP)是目前臨床最常用的預測感染的指標之一,但其預測特異性相對較差。近年來利用細胞因子的變化來預測絨毛膜羊膜炎的發(fā)生和發(fā)展己成為臨床研究的焦點,尤其是白細胞介素與絨毛膜羊膜炎關系的研究較多,包括IL-1、IL-6、IL-8等[5-6]。白介素22(interleukin-21,IL-22)也是白細胞介素家族的重要成員,由Th22細胞分泌,與受體IL-22R1組成的受體復合物相結合發(fā)揮生物學作用。眾多研究表明,IL-22/IL-22R1也可通過STAT信號通路參與炎性反應[7],但是其與胎膜早破并發(fā)絨毛膜羊膜炎的關系研究較少,因此本文將對IL-22、IL-22R1、CRP、WBC等指標與絨毛膜羊膜炎的關系進行研究,探討IL-22/IL-22R1能否成為預測胎膜早破合并絨毛膜羊膜炎的新指標。
1 資料與方法
1.1 一般資料
選擇2016年10月~2017年9月滄州市婦幼保健院(以下簡稱“我院”)收治的100例胎膜早破患者作為研究對象。根據(jù)有無絨毛膜羊膜炎及感染程度分為臨床絨毛膜羊膜炎組(38例)、亞臨床絨毛膜羊膜炎組(33例)和無絨毛膜羊膜炎組(29例),另隨機選擇我院同期收治的30例正常足月妊娠者作為對照組。所有受試者均對研究內(nèi)容知情并自愿簽署同意書,且該研究經(jīng)醫(yī)院醫(yī)學倫理委員會批準。四組孕婦在年齡、孕齡以及孕時BMI等一般資料比較差異無統(tǒng)計學意義(P > 0.05)。見表1。
1.2 方法
1.2.1 胎膜早破診斷標準 符合以下三條標準中任意一條即可診斷為胎膜早破:①可見液體從宮頸口流出或陰道后穹隆積液中見到胎脂、胎毛或胎兒上皮細胞;②宮頸流出液pH>6.5;③陰道后穹隆涂片鏡檢見羊齒狀結晶[8]。
1.2.2 絨毛膜羊膜炎診斷標準 血常規(guī)檢查白細胞增多,孕婦伴有發(fā)熱,母、兒均有心率加快現(xiàn)象;CRP升高>8 mg/L。并伴有以下兩條之一:①陰道液有臭味,子宮壓痛;②胎膜病理切片光學顯微鏡下每高倍視野中性粒細胞浸潤11個以上[9]。
1.2.3 標本采集及處理 所有受試者于分娩前用真空采血管肘靜脈取血兩管,每管3 mL,一管送到檢驗科檢測孕婦血清中WBC和CRP水平;一管在室溫下靜置30 min,然后3000 r/min離心10 min,分離血清,-20℃保存,用于ELISA檢測。
1.2.4 IL-22、IL-22R1檢測 采用ELISA法檢測血清IL-22、IL-22R1蛋白表達。ELISA試劑盒購自武漢華美生物工程有限公司。實驗操作嚴格按照試劑說明書進行操作。
1.3 統(tǒng)計學方法
采用SPSS 17.0統(tǒng)計學軟件進行數(shù)據(jù)分析,計量資料用均數(shù)±標準差(x±s)表示,多組間比較采用單因素方差分析,組間兩兩比較采用LSD-t檢驗;各指標對絨毛膜羊膜炎的診斷價值分析采用ROC曲線分析,以P < 0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計學意義。
2 結果
2.1 四組孕婦血清WBC、CRP、IL-22、IL-22R1表達水平的比較
血清中WBC:臨床絨毛膜羊膜炎組、亞臨床絨毛膜羊膜炎組、無絨毛膜羊膜炎組均高于對照組,臨床絨毛膜羊膜炎組高于亞臨床絨毛膜羊膜炎組和無絨毛膜羊膜炎組,差異均有統(tǒng)計學意義(P < 0.05),亞臨床絨毛膜羊膜炎組高于無絨毛膜羊膜炎組,但差異無統(tǒng)計學意義(P > 0.05);血清中CRP、IL-22和IL-22R1蛋白:臨床絨毛膜羊膜炎組、亞臨床絨毛膜羊膜炎組、無絨毛膜羊膜炎組均高于對照組,臨床絨毛膜羊膜炎組高于亞臨床絨毛膜羊膜炎組和無絨毛膜羊膜炎組,亞臨床絨毛膜羊膜炎組高于無絨毛膜羊膜炎組,差異均有統(tǒng)計學意義(P < 0.05)。見表2。
2.2 ROC曲線分析
根據(jù)實驗結果將所有胎膜早破患者分為絨毛膜羊膜炎組和非絨毛膜羊膜炎組,然后對患者血清WBC、CRP、IL-22、IL-22R1等指標進行ROC分析。結果顯示患者血清中WBC、CRP、IL-22、IL-22R1的曲線下面積(AUC)分別為0.717、0.778、0.909、0.916(P = 0.049、0.028、0.000、0.000),說明四項指標在診斷胎膜早破患者合并絨毛膜羊膜炎方面均有一定臨床意義,不過IL-22和IL-22R1診斷價值最高。見圖1。
3 討論
胎膜早破與不良的母嬰結局有著密切的相關性。絨毛膜羊膜炎是胎膜早破最常見的并發(fā)癥之一,其臨床癥狀出現(xiàn)較晚,早期易被忽略,導致許多無癥狀的亞臨床絨毛膜羊膜炎難以及時診斷并發(fā)現(xiàn),延誤治療時機。因此,早期診斷亞臨床絨毛膜羊膜炎至關重要。血清學指標檢測是目前臨床最常用的絨毛膜羊膜炎早期診斷技術之一,具有操作簡便、費用低、創(chuàng)傷小、安全性高等優(yōu)點。WBC以及CRP是臨床上最常用的診斷感染的血清學指標。WBC計數(shù)升高常提示有全身性感染存在,雖然其敏感性較高,但是易受其他部位炎癥的影響,特異性較差,假陽性率較高[10]。CRP是一種急性期炎性反應蛋白,在機體發(fā)生感染時由IL-6,TNF-α誘導肝臟實質(zhì)細胞合成的,是預測宮內(nèi)感染的敏感指標[11]。有學者通過Meta分析發(fā)現(xiàn)CRP只能在一定程度上可以作為亞臨床絨毛膜羊膜炎的預測指標,而不能作為未足月胎膜早破合并絨毛膜羊膜炎的唯一預測指標[12]。endprint
近年來,白細胞介素等細胞因子與絨毛膜羊膜炎關系引來眾多學者關注,利用IL-1、IL-6、IL-8和TNF-α等變化來預測絨毛膜羊膜炎的存在己成為臨床研究的熱點[13-15]。研究認為,白細胞介素等細胞因子主要是通過炎性反應在早產(chǎn)發(fā)生機制中起著核心作用[16]。作為白細胞介素家族的重要成員,IL-22主要由Th22細胞分泌,與IL-22R1相結合后,可激活細胞內(nèi)STAT信號通路,從而介導一系列炎性反應[17]。目前關于IL-22/IL-22R1與胎膜早破并發(fā)絨毛膜羊膜炎中關系的報道較少,因此本研究通過檢測胎膜早破并發(fā)絨毛膜羊膜炎患者血清IL-22、IL-22R1、CRP、WBC指標變化,并初步探討其與絨毛膜羊膜炎的關系。
研究結果顯示W(wǎng)BC和CRP含量在臨床絨毛膜羊膜炎組均明顯高于其他三組(P < 0.05),說明WBC和CRP在預測胎膜早破并發(fā)絨毛膜羊膜炎方面具有一定臨床意義。而IL-22和IL-22R1表達不僅在在臨床絨毛膜羊膜炎組和其他三組之間有顯著差異,而且在亞臨床絨毛膜羊膜炎組和無絨毛膜羊膜炎組以及對照組之間也有明顯差異,說明IL-22和IL-22R1可能參與了胎膜早破并絨毛膜羊膜炎的發(fā)生發(fā)展。當胎膜早破,出現(xiàn)宮內(nèi)感染時,絨毛、蛻膜、羊膜細胞及單核巨噬細胞等多種細胞分泌IL-6,而IL-6又可誘發(fā)T細胞向Th22細胞大量分化,進而分泌大量IL-22,使其濃度升高[18]。而IL-22/IL-22R1很可能是通過上調(diào)IL-11等抗炎因子,抑制滋養(yǎng)細胞凋亡、促進滋養(yǎng)細胞生長和侵襲,調(diào)節(jié)母-胎界面發(fā)揮作用[19-20]。當然從另一方面來說,IL-22和IL-22R1表達的增高對于鑒別診斷亞臨床絨毛膜羊膜炎也有較好的臨床應用價值。隨后的ROC分析結果顯示患者血清中WBC、CRP、L-22、IL-22R1的AUC分別為0.717、0.778、0.909、0.916,其中L-22、和IL-22R1曲線下面積最大,說明在四種預測指標中IL-22和IL-22R1的診斷效能最好,因此IL-22和IL-22R1望成為預測胎膜早破并發(fā)絨毛膜羊膜炎的新指標。
綜上所述,IL-22、IL-22R1、CRP、WBC等指標在預測胎膜早破并發(fā)絨毛膜羊膜炎方面具有一定臨床意義,其中IL-22和IL-22R1預測價值最高,尤其是在預測亞臨床絨毛膜羊膜炎患者方面。因此,IL-22和IL-22R1有望成為預測絨毛膜羊膜炎的新指標,如果聯(lián)合WBC計數(shù),CRP等其他血清學指標,對胎膜早破并發(fā)絨毛膜羊膜炎的預測和診斷可能更加敏感。
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