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中藥沐足聯(lián)合穴位貼敷改善AECOPD痰熱壅肺證患者呼吸道癥狀的臨床研究

2019-09-29 06:54艾麗娟陸姝姝王燕
中國(guó)現(xiàn)代醫(yī)生 2019年21期
關(guān)鍵詞:穴位貼敷

艾麗娟 陸姝姝 王燕

[摘要] 目的 探討中藥沐足聯(lián)合穴位貼敷改善慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重(acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,AECOPD)痰熱壅肺證患者呼吸道癥狀的臨床效果。 方法 選擇2017年1月~2018年5月在我院診斷治療的AECOPD痰熱壅肺證患者100例為研究對(duì)象,隨機(jī)分為治療組與對(duì)照組,各50例。對(duì)照組采用常規(guī)治療與護(hù)理,治療組在對(duì)照組基礎(chǔ)上給予中藥沐足與穴位貼敷。觀察兩組患者臨床療效,比較兩組患者治療前后咳嗽、咳痰、氣喘癥狀積分、氧分壓(PaO2)、二氧化碳分壓(PaCO2)、血氧飽和度(SaO2)水平及C反應(yīng)蛋白(C-reactive protein,CRP)水平。 結(jié)果 與治療前比較,治療后兩組患者咳嗽、咳痰、氣喘積分均呈下降趨勢(shì),差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);治療后,治療組咳嗽、咳痰、氣喘積分顯著低于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。與治療前比較,治療后兩組患者PaO2、SaO2水平呈上升趨勢(shì),PaCO2水平呈下降趨勢(shì),差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);且治療后,治療組PaO2、SaO2水平顯著高于對(duì)照組,PaCO2水平顯著低于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。與治療前比較,治療后兩組患者CRP水平均呈下降趨勢(shì)(P<0.05);且治療后,治療組CRP水平顯著低于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。秩和檢驗(yàn)顯示,治療組的臨床療效優(yōu)于對(duì)照組,治療組臨床控制率(70.0%)顯著高于對(duì)照組(20.0%),差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。 結(jié)論 中藥沐足聯(lián)合穴位貼敷可顯著改善AECOPD痰熱壅肺證患者的臨床癥狀、肺功能,降低炎性指標(biāo),提高臨床療效。

[關(guān)鍵詞] 中藥沐足;穴位貼敷;AECOPD;痰熱壅肺證;呼吸道癥狀

[中圖分類(lèi)號(hào)] R259? ? ? ? ? [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼] B? ? ? ? ? [文章編號(hào)] 1673-9701(2019)21-0090-04

Clinical study on the improvement of respiratory tract symptoms in AECOPD patients with phlegm-heat obstructing lung syndrome by herbal foot massage combined with acupoint application

AI Lijuan LU Shushu WANG Yan

Department of Respiratory Medicine, Zhejiang Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hangzhou 310018, China

[Abstract] Objective To explore the clinical study on the improvement of respiratory tract symptoms in AECOPD patients with phlegm-heat obstructing lung syndrome by herbal foot massagecombined with acupoint application. Methods From January 2017 to May 2018, 100 AECOPD patients with phlegm-heat obstruction of the lung syndrome diagnosed and treated in our hospital were selected as the research objects. They were randomly divided into treatment group and control group, 50 cases in each group. The control group was treated with routine treatment and nursing, while the treatment group was treated with herbal foot massage and acupoint application of traditional Chinese medicine on the basis of the control group. The clinical effect on the patients were observed in the two groups, symptom score of cough, sputum, wheezing, PaO2, PaCO2, SaO2 and CRP levels before and after treatment were compared between the two groups. Results After treatment, the scores of cough, expectoration and asthma in both groups showed a downward trend compared with those before treatment, there was a significant difference(P<0.05). After treatment, the scores of cough, sputum and asthma in the treatment group were significantly lower than those in the control group(P<0.05). After treatment, the levels of PaO2 and SaO2 in the two groups showed an upward trend, while the level of PaCO2 showed a downward trend, there was a significant difference between the two groups before treatment(P<0.05). After treatment, PaO2 and SaO2 in the treatment group were significantly higher than those in the control group, and PaCO2 was significantly lower than those in the control group(P<0.05). After treatment, the levels of CRP in both groups showed a downward trend compared with before treatment, and there was a significant difference(P<0.05). After treatment, the CRP level in the treatment group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P<0.05). Rank sum test showed that the clinical efficacy of the treatment group was better than that of the control group, the clinical control rate (70.0%) was significantly higher than that in the control group (20.0%), the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). Conclusion Herbal foot massagecombined with acupoint application can significantly improve the clinical symptoms and lung function of AECOPD patients with phlegm-heat obstruction of lung syndrome, reduce inflammatory indicators and improve clinical efficacy.

[Key words] Herbal foot massage; Acupoint application; AECOPD; Phlegm-heat obstruction of lung; Respiratory symptoms

慢性阻塞性肺疾?。╟hronic obstructive pulmonary disease,COPD)是一種嚴(yán)重危害人類(lèi)健康的常見(jiàn)病、多發(fā)病,居全球死亡原因的第4位。我國(guó)的一項(xiàng)調(diào)查中,40歲以上的人群中COPD的患病率為8.2%。COPD患者每年約發(fā)生0.5~3.5次急性加重。慢性阻塞性肺疾病急性加重(acute exacerbation of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease,AECOPD)是導(dǎo)致患者死亡的主要因素之一。中醫(yī)認(rèn)為COPD的病因主要是外邪侵襲、飲食不節(jié)、勞欲過(guò)度、年老久病、情志刺激等[1-3]。痰熱壅肺證是中醫(yī)對(duì)COPD的辨證分型之一,患者主要表現(xiàn)為咳嗽氣促,痰多黃稠,治療上主要以清肺化痰止咳為主[4]。中藥沐足與穴位敷貼均為中醫(yī)的常用療法,其藥物外用,副作用少,患者容易接受。中藥沐足可改善體質(zhì)、調(diào)理身體、治療疾病。穴位敷貼是以中醫(yī)經(jīng)絡(luò)學(xué)說(shuō)為依據(jù)的一種無(wú)創(chuàng)穴位療法。本文采用中藥沐足聯(lián)合穴位貼敷輔助改善AECOPD痰熱壅肺證患者呼吸道癥狀,并取得了較好的效果,現(xiàn)報(bào)道如下。

1 資料與方法

1.1 一般資料

選擇2017年1月~2018年5月在我院診斷治療的AECOPD痰熱壅肺證患者100例為研究對(duì)象。納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):符合西醫(yī)AECOPD的診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn);符合中醫(yī)痰熱壅肺證(主癥為咳嗽氣促,痰多黃稠;次癥為口干口苦,煩躁不安,大便秘結(jié),舌紅苔黃膩,脈滑數(shù));年齡45~85周歲;認(rèn)知功能正常;行為能力正常;對(duì)本次研究知情同意。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):合并真菌感染、結(jié)核病、腫瘤的患者;其他原因?qū)е碌穆钥人钥忍档幕颊?對(duì)藥物過(guò)敏的患者;對(duì)酒精、膠布過(guò)敏的患者;合并心腦肝腎等重要臟器原發(fā)疾病者;使用有創(chuàng)呼吸機(jī)治療者;不能配合者;不愿意接受治療者。將100例患者隨機(jī)分為治療組與對(duì)照組,各50例。本研究經(jīng)過(guò)醫(yī)院醫(yī)學(xué)倫理委員會(huì)同意。兩組患者一般資料比較,差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),具有可比性。見(jiàn)表1。

1.2 治療方法

對(duì)照組給予常規(guī)治療及護(hù)理。選擇敏感抗生素抗感染治療,持續(xù)低流量吸氧,支氣管舒張劑擴(kuò)張支氣管,糖皮質(zhì)激素控制炎癥反應(yīng),維持水電解質(zhì)平衡。護(hù)理上,對(duì)患者進(jìn)行COPD以及AECOPD的相關(guān)健康教育,根據(jù)患者病情、治療以及心理狀態(tài),進(jìn)行個(gè)體化教育;向患者講解持續(xù)低流量氧療的重要性,提高依從性;霧化吸入,有效排痰,保持呼吸道通暢;嚴(yán)密觀察病情,出現(xiàn)病情變化時(shí)及時(shí)向醫(yī)生匯報(bào);對(duì)患者進(jìn)行必要的心理疏導(dǎo),緩解患者緊張焦慮情緒。

治療組在對(duì)照組治療的基礎(chǔ)上給予中藥沐足聯(lián)合穴位敷貼。中藥沐足方劑:粗鹽18 g,老姜10 g,冬瓜皮20 g,藿香10 g,茯苓15 g,射干10 g,化橘紅10 g,白菊花10 g,金銀花10 g。每天1劑,熬水2000 mL,放置合適溫度后沐足,每次20~30 min。穴位貼敷選穴神闕穴,藥物為大黃,用75%酒精調(diào)和。14 d為1個(gè)療程。

1.3 評(píng)價(jià)方法

分別于治療前及治療后7 d、14 d進(jìn)行效果評(píng)價(jià)。臨床療效評(píng)價(jià)指標(biāo)[5]:咳嗽、咳痰、氣喘中醫(yī)癥狀積分根據(jù)情況評(píng)0、2、4、6分。動(dòng)脈血?dú)夥治鲈u(píng)價(jià)PaO2、PaCO2、SaO2水平變化;采集外周靜脈血檢測(cè)CRP水平。

治療療程結(jié)束后行臨床療效評(píng)價(jià)[5],臨床控制:癥狀、體征消失或基本消失,癥狀積分減少≥95%;顯效:臨床癥狀體征減輕,但未恢復(fù)至急性發(fā)作前,70%≤癥狀積分減少<95%;有效:癥狀體征有所減輕,30%≤癥狀積分減少<70%;無(wú)效:達(dá)不到上述標(biāo)準(zhǔn),癥狀積分減少<30%。

1.4 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法

采用SPSS 17.0統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)軟件對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行分析,計(jì)數(shù)資料采用百分比或例數(shù)表示,采用χ2檢驗(yàn),等級(jí)資料采用秩和檢驗(yàn),計(jì)量資料采用均數(shù)±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差(x±s)表示,采用t檢驗(yàn)或方差分析。P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。

2 結(jié)果

2.1兩組患者治療前后咳嗽、咳痰、氣喘癥狀積分比較

治療前,兩組患者咳嗽、咳痰、氣喘癥狀積分比較,差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05);與治療前比較,治療后兩組患者咳嗽、咳痰、氣喘積分均呈下降趨勢(shì),差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);治療后,治療組咳嗽、咳痰、氣喘積分顯著低于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。見(jiàn)表2。

2.2兩組患者治療前后PaO2、PaCO2、SaO2水平比較

治療前,兩組患者PaO2、PaCO2、SaO2水平比較,差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05);與治療前比較,治療后,兩組PaO2、SaO2呈上升趨勢(shì),PaCO2呈下降趨勢(shì),差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);治療后,治療組PaO2、SaO2顯著高于對(duì)照組,PaCO2顯著低于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。見(jiàn)表3。

2.3兩組患者治療前后CRP水平比較

治療前,兩組患者CRP水平比較,差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05);與治療前比較,治療后兩組CRP水平均呈下降趨勢(shì),差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);治療后,治療組CRP水平顯著低于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。見(jiàn)表4。

2.4兩組患者臨床療效比較

兩組患者總有效率均為100.0%。但是秩和檢驗(yàn)顯示,治療組的臨床療效優(yōu)于對(duì)照組,治療組臨床控制率(70.0%)顯著高于對(duì)照組(20.0%),差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。見(jiàn)表5。

3 討論

西醫(yī)認(rèn)為COPD的病因包括理化刺激、內(nèi)在因素、感染因素、過(guò)敏因素、寒冷刺激等。COPD患者病理改變?yōu)橹夤莛つだw毛上皮細(xì)胞損傷脫落,黏膜上皮和下層炎癥細(xì)胞浸潤(rùn),腺體分泌亢進(jìn),黏液腺明顯增多,黏膜上皮增生,纖毛上皮細(xì)胞損壞,纖毛變短,稀疏脫落,支氣管壁充血、水腫和纖維增生,細(xì)支氣管軟骨萎縮變性,支撐力減弱。黏液和炎癥滲出物在支氣管內(nèi)潴留,繼發(fā)感染。中醫(yī)認(rèn)為COPD的發(fā)生與發(fā)展常與外邪反復(fù)侵襲、肺脾腎三臟功能失調(diào)密切相關(guān)。肺氣虛弱,衛(wèi)外不固,外邪入侵;或因久咳不已,反復(fù)發(fā)作;或因年老體虛,水津不布,痰飲阻肺;或因飲酒、吸煙等因素傷及于肺,日久不愈,肺脾損及于腎,見(jiàn)氣喘不能平臥,動(dòng)則尤甚等不納氣之候[6-9]。中醫(yī)認(rèn)為COPD的病理機(jī)制主要為肺脾腎虛損,痰火瘀參與,本虛標(biāo)實(shí)。肺失肅降,肺氣上逆,導(dǎo)致咳嗽;脾運(yùn)不化,聚濕為痰,出現(xiàn)咳喘、咯痰;腎陽(yáng)虧虛,氣化失常,水氣不化,為痰為飲,阻塞氣道;腎陰虧損,虛火灼傷肺津,肺失宣降,肺氣上逆而咳喘咯痰;外邪內(nèi)火,與痰濕結(jié)合形成痰火,火熱壅肺,痰閉肺絡(luò);久病多虛多瘀[10-12]。

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