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松江區(qū)全科醫(yī)師知識(shí)技能掌握及培訓(xùn)需求調(diào)查分析

2019-10-10 15:09:58黃慧褚天運(yùn)朱玉龍
上海醫(yī)藥 2019年16期
關(guān)鍵詞:知識(shí)技能培訓(xùn)需求全科醫(yī)師

黃慧 褚天運(yùn) 朱玉龍

摘 要 目的:了解松江區(qū)全科醫(yī)師相關(guān)知識(shí)技能的掌握情況及培訓(xùn)需求,為衛(wèi)生行政部門(mén)和社區(qū)衛(wèi)生服務(wù)中心有針對(duì)性的進(jìn)行全科醫(yī)學(xué)培訓(xùn)提供建議。方法:采取分層抽樣方法選取九亭鎮(zhèn)、新橋鎮(zhèn)、洞涇鎮(zhèn)、小昆山鎮(zhèn)、石湖蕩鎮(zhèn)及泖港鎮(zhèn)等6家社區(qū)衛(wèi)生服務(wù)中心的170名全科醫(yī)師為調(diào)查對(duì)象進(jìn)行問(wèn)卷調(diào)查。調(diào)查內(nèi)容包括全科醫(yī)師的基本情況、培訓(xùn)動(dòng)機(jī)、培訓(xùn)方式及時(shí)長(zhǎng)、全科醫(yī)師對(duì)相關(guān)專業(yè)知識(shí)的熟悉程度及培訓(xùn)需求。結(jié)果:①100.0%的全科醫(yī)師認(rèn)為非常需要或需要掌握院前急救的基本知識(shí)及高危人群和慢性疾病病例管理的相關(guān)知識(shí)。②100.0%的全科醫(yī)師認(rèn)為非常需要和需要掌握全科6大系統(tǒng)的相關(guān)知識(shí);7.5%的全科醫(yī)師認(rèn)為完全不需要掌握與婦女、兒童保健相關(guān)的知識(shí)和技術(shù);1.1%的全科醫(yī)師認(rèn)為完全不需要掌握常規(guī)藥物使用的相關(guān)知識(shí)。③全科醫(yī)師中醫(yī)藥服務(wù)相關(guān)知識(shí)的掌握及部分掌握比例之和僅為59.1%;2.2%的全科醫(yī)師認(rèn)為不需要掌握處理倫理和社會(huì)問(wèn)題技巧的相關(guān)知識(shí)。④全科醫(yī)師常用化驗(yàn)檢查及結(jié)果解讀相關(guān)知識(shí)未掌握比例高達(dá)20.4%;全科醫(yī)師認(rèn)為完全不需要掌握傳染病的預(yù)防和檢測(cè)及社區(qū)常用康復(fù)技術(shù)的相關(guān)知識(shí),占比分別為3.2%、2.2%。結(jié)論:建議衛(wèi)生行政部門(mén)完善全科醫(yī)師培訓(xùn)考核體系,全力推進(jìn)全科醫(yī)師培訓(xùn)工作。同時(shí)及時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)培訓(xùn)中存在的薄弱環(huán)節(jié)和亟待解決的問(wèn)題,提出整改措施,提升全科醫(yī)師的培訓(xùn)效果。

關(guān)鍵詞 全科醫(yī)師;知識(shí)技能;培訓(xùn)需求

中圖分類號(hào):R197.1 文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼:A 文章編號(hào):1006-1533(2019)16-0013-05

Investigation and analysis of the mastery of knowledge and skills and training needs of general practitioners in Songjiang District

HUANG Hui, CHU Tianyun, ZHU Yulong

(General Practice Department of Xiaokunshan Community Health Service Center of Songjiang District, Shanghai 201616, China)

ABSTRACT Objective: To understand the mastery of knowledge and skills and training needs of general practitioners in Songjiang District for providing advice for the health administrative department and community health service center to conduct targeted general medical training. Methods: A stratified sampling method was used to select 170 general practitioners from six community health service centers, including Jiuting Town, Xinqiao Town, Dongjing Town, Xiaokunshan Town, Shihudang Town and Maogang Town to conduct a questionnaire survey. The survey contents included the basic situation of the general practitioner, the motivation of the training, the training method and time, the familiarity with relevant professional knowledge and the training needs of the general practitioner. Results: (1)100.0% of general practitioners thought that it was very necessary or necessary to have a basic knowledge of pre-hospital first aid and knowledge about high-risk populations and chronic disease case management.(2)100.0% of general practitioners thought that it was very necessary and necessary to master the relevant knowledge of the six major systems of general medicine; 7.5% of general practitioners thought that there was no need to master the knowledge and skills related to womens and childrens health; 1.1% of general practitioners thought that they did not need to master the knowledge of routine drug use at all. (3) The sum of mastery and partial mastery proportions of TCM service knowledge of general practitioners was only 59.1%; 2.2% of general practitioners thought that there was no need to master the relevant knowledge to deal with ethical and social problem skills. (4) The proportion of general practitioners who had not mastered the knowledge of laboratory tests and interpretation of results was as high as 20.4%; the general practitioner thought that there was no need to master the prevention and detection of infectious diseases and the knowledge of common rehabilitation techniques in the community, accounting for 3.2% and 2.2%, respectively. Conclusion: It is suggested that the health administrative department should perfect the system of training and assessment of general practitioners and make full efforts to promote the training of general practitioners. At the same time, the existing weak links and urgent problems in the training should be found out in time, and corrective measures should be put forward to improve the training effect of general practitioners.

據(jù)楊慧敏等[6]的調(diào)查顯示,高學(xué)歷、高職稱的醫(yī)療工作者在社區(qū)衛(wèi)生服務(wù)中心從事全科醫(yī)學(xué)工作的比例較低。因此,要提升社區(qū)衛(wèi)生服務(wù)中心全科醫(yī)師的總體素養(yǎng)和業(yè)務(wù)水平,必須先綜合提升其社會(huì)地位和經(jīng)濟(jì)收入,吸引更多的高素質(zhì)醫(yī)務(wù)工作者從事全科醫(yī)學(xué)工作。同時(shí)從制度層面加強(qiáng)宣傳,讓社會(huì)、政府更多的了解全科醫(yī)師的工作內(nèi)容,不斷穩(wěn)定全科醫(yī)師隊(duì)伍,把全科醫(yī)學(xué)真正落到實(shí)處,惠及社區(qū)居民。

93名全科醫(yī)師的培訓(xùn)動(dòng)機(jī)均為工作需要或自我提升,其中52名(55.9%)的培訓(xùn)動(dòng)機(jī)為工作需要,其余41名(44.1%)為自我提升,說(shuō)明全科醫(yī)師都具有強(qiáng)烈的培訓(xùn)學(xué)習(xí)需求。多數(shù)全科醫(yī)師選擇的培訓(xùn)形式為講座式培訓(xùn)(35.5%),這可能與醫(yī)師習(xí)慣于講座式授課方式有關(guān)。培訓(xùn)時(shí)長(zhǎng)上多數(shù)(66.7%)全科醫(yī)師選擇了30~45 min,也提示培訓(xùn)組織者應(yīng)盡量控制授課時(shí)長(zhǎng)。

全科醫(yī)師對(duì)常見(jiàn)急癥的處理原則及院前急救的基本知識(shí)掌握情況均較好,完全掌握的人數(shù)均超過(guò)了40.0%;100.0%的全科醫(yī)師認(rèn)為非常需要或需要掌握院前急救的基本知識(shí)及高危人群和慢性疾病病例管理的相關(guān)知識(shí);未掌握的主要是以個(gè)人為中心的整體服務(wù)方法和全科醫(yī)師的臨床診療策略,說(shuō)明全科醫(yī)師的整體觀念不強(qiáng),可能仍然存在以??朴^念看待全科專業(yè)的情況。100.0%的全科醫(yī)師認(rèn)為非常需要和需要掌握全科6大系統(tǒng)的相關(guān)知識(shí);中醫(yī)藥服務(wù)的掌握及部分掌握比例之和僅為59.1%,說(shuō)明全科醫(yī)師對(duì)中醫(yī)藥知識(shí)的掌握較為薄弱,這可能與社區(qū)衛(wèi)生服務(wù)中心普遍設(shè)有中醫(yī)科、有專職中醫(yī)醫(yī)師有關(guān)。全科醫(yī)師未掌握比例較高的幾個(gè)條目為常用化驗(yàn)檢查及結(jié)果解讀,X線、心電圖的圖像識(shí)別及社區(qū)常用康復(fù)技術(shù),其中常用化驗(yàn)檢查及結(jié)果解讀的未掌握比例高達(dá)20.4%。提示我們今后培訓(xùn)中應(yīng)多增加這些方面的內(nèi)容,以彌補(bǔ)不足。

從全科醫(yī)師對(duì)相關(guān)專業(yè)知識(shí)的熟悉程度看,應(yīng)強(qiáng)化公共衛(wèi)生知識(shí)的相關(guān)培訓(xùn),著重考慮全科醫(yī)師的實(shí)際需求,達(dá)到“熟臨床、懂公衛(wèi)、具人文、會(huì)管理”的培養(yǎng)目標(biāo),進(jìn)一步完善和優(yōu)化培訓(xùn)項(xiàng)目。實(shí)施培訓(xùn)的過(guò)程當(dāng)中,還可以開(kāi)展人際溝通等公共關(guān)系學(xué)的培訓(xùn),全面提升全科醫(yī)師的預(yù)防醫(yī)學(xué)知識(shí)和人文素養(yǎng)。

綜上所述,松江區(qū)全科醫(yī)師接受培訓(xùn)的意愿比較強(qiáng)烈,建議衛(wèi)生行政部門(mén)完善全科醫(yī)師培訓(xùn)考核體系,推出有益的新舉措,加大經(jīng)費(fèi)投入,提升培訓(xùn)的數(shù)量及質(zhì)量,全力推進(jìn)全科醫(yī)師的培訓(xùn)工作[7]。同時(shí)應(yīng)及時(shí)發(fā)現(xiàn)培訓(xùn)中存在的薄弱環(huán)節(jié)和亟待解決的問(wèn)題,提升全科醫(yī)師的培訓(xùn)效果。本次研究樣本量有限,因此存在一定的選擇偏倚,自行設(shè)計(jì)的問(wèn)卷也可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致重要信息的遺漏,以上情況有待進(jìn)一步研究完善。

參考文獻(xiàn)

[1] 秦懷金. 關(guān)于我國(guó)社區(qū)衛(wèi)生服務(wù)發(fā)展與改革的思考[J]. 中國(guó)衛(wèi)生政策研究, 2012, 5(3): 1-3.

[2] 楊秉輝, 祝墡珠. 全科醫(yī)學(xué)概論[M]. 3版. 北京: 人民衛(wèi)生出版社, 2008: 9-10.

[3] 劉堃, 張濱, 唐貴忠. 重慶市貧困地區(qū)鄉(xiāng)鎮(zhèn)全科醫(yī)師培訓(xùn)狀況調(diào)查[J]. 現(xiàn)代預(yù)防醫(yī)學(xué), 2009, 36(16): 3059-3061.

[4] 祝墡珠. 關(guān)于全科醫(yī)師制度建立的問(wèn)題及建議[J]. 中華全科醫(yī)師雜志, 2011, 10(10): 703-704.

[5] 顧杰, 江孫芳, 祝墡珠, 等. 上海市全科醫(yī)師培訓(xùn)需求調(diào)查和相關(guān)因素分析[J]. 中華全科醫(yī)師雜志, 2012, 11(8): 575-578.

[6] 楊慧敏, 尹德盧, 辛倩倩, 等. 我國(guó)基層全科醫(yī)生隊(duì)伍現(xiàn)狀和繼續(xù)醫(yī)學(xué)教育內(nèi)容需求分析[J]. 中華全科醫(yī)學(xué), 2018, 16(10): 1591-1594.

[7] 方呂, 張勘. 上海市全科醫(yī)師規(guī)范化培訓(xùn)的進(jìn)展與挑戰(zhàn)[J]. 上海醫(yī)藥, 2012, 33(20): 17-22.

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