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腸易激綜合征患者5-羥色胺及5-羥色胺2B受體變化的研究

2020-05-25 09:15孫詠紅張野王宇
中國(guó)當(dāng)代醫(yī)藥 2020年11期
關(guān)鍵詞:結(jié)腸血漿受體

孫詠紅 張野 王宇

[摘要]目的 觀察腸易激綜合征(IBS)患者血漿和結(jié)腸黏膜5-羥色胺(5-HT)及5-HT2B受體的表達(dá)情況,并探討5-HT及5-HT2B受體在IBS發(fā)病機(jī)制中的作用。方法 選取2016年1月~2017年5月于大連市友誼醫(yī)院消化內(nèi)科確診的48例腹瀉型IBS(IBS-D)及便秘型IBS(IBS-C)患者,其中IBS-D患者26例(IBS-D組),IBS-C患者22例(IBS-C組);另選取28例同期行結(jié)腸癌或結(jié)腸息肉篩查且結(jié)腸鏡檢查結(jié)果陰性者作為對(duì)照組。應(yīng)用腹部癥狀評(píng)分量表對(duì)受試者進(jìn)行評(píng)分,采用ELISA法檢測(cè)受試者的血漿5-HT及5-HT2B受體濃度。結(jié)腸鏡下獲取升結(jié)腸處結(jié)腸黏膜標(biāo)本,采用逆轉(zhuǎn)錄PCR檢測(cè)5-HT mRNA及5-HT2B受體mRNA的表達(dá)水平,并分析血漿5-HT及5-HT2B受體水平與腹部癥狀評(píng)分的相關(guān)性。結(jié)果 IBS-D及IBS-C組患者的腹部癥狀評(píng)分高于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);IBS-D及IBS-C組患者的血漿5-HT及5-HT2B受體濃度高于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);IBS-D及IBS-C組患者結(jié)腸黏膜組織5-HT及5-HT2B受體mRNA表達(dá)量高于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。Spearman分析結(jié)果顯示,IBS-D和IBS-C組患者血漿5-HT的表達(dá)量與腹部癥狀評(píng)分成正相關(guān)(r=0.82、0.79,P<0.05);IBS-D和IBS-C組患者血漿5-HT2B受體的表達(dá)量與腹部癥狀評(píng)分成正相關(guān)(r=0.78、0.76,P<0.05);對(duì)照組血漿5-HT及5-HT2B受體的表達(dá)量與腹部癥狀評(píng)分無(wú)相關(guān)性(P>0.05)。結(jié)論 5-HT及5-HT2B在IBS患者中顯著升高,且血漿5-HT及5-HT2B與IBS患者的腹部癥狀評(píng)分成正相關(guān),提示5-HT及5-HT2B受體可能參與了IBS患者腹痛的發(fā)生。

[關(guān)鍵詞]腸易激綜合征;5-羥色胺;5-羥色胺2B受體;結(jié)腸組織;腹痛

[Abstract] Objective To observe the changes of 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and 5-HT2B receptor in the patients with irritable bowel syndrome (IBS). And to explore the role of 5-HT and 5-HT2B receptor in the pathogenesis of IBS. Methods From January 2016 to may 2017, 48 patients with diarrhea type IBS (IBS-D) and constipation type IBS (IBS-C) were selected from the Department of Gastroenterology, Dalian Friendship Hospital, including 26 cases of IBS-D patients (IBS-D group), 22 cases of IBS-C patients (IBS-C group). In addition, those undergoing colonoscopy for polyps or cancer surveillance with negative results were included in the control group (28 cases). The abdominal symptom scale was used to score the subjects, and the Plasma 5-HT and 5-HT2B receptor concentrations were detected by ELISA. Specimens were obtained from the ascending colon during the colonoscopy, and the expression level of 5-HT mRNA and 5-HT2B receptor mRNA in colonic mucosa were detected by reverse transcription PCR. The relationship between 5-HT and 5-HT2B receptor levels and abdominal symptoms were calculated. Results The scores of abdominal symptoms in IBS-D and IBS-C groups were higher than those in the control group, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). The plasma concentrations of 5-HT and 5-HT2B receptor in IBS-D and IBS-C groups were higher than those in the control group, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). The expression of 5-HT and 5-HT2B receptor mRNA in colonic mucosa of IBS-D and IBS-C group were higher than those of control group, the differences were statistically significant (P<0.05). Spearman analysis showed that the expression of plasma 5-HT in IBS-D and IBS-C group were positively correlated with abdominal symptom score (r=0.82, 0.79; P<0.05). The plasma 5-HT2B receptor expression in IBS-D and IBS-C groups were positively correlated with abdominal symptom scores (r=0.78, 0.76; P<0.05). There was no correlation between the expression of 5-HT and 5-HT2B receptor and abdominal symptom score in the control group (P>0.05). Conclusion T5-HT and 5-HT2B are significantly increased in IBS patients, and plasma 5-HT and 5-HT2B are positively correlated with the abdominal symptom score of IBS patients, suggesting that 5-HT and 5-HT2B receptors may be involved in the occurrence of abdominal pain in IBS patients.

[Key words] Irritable bowel syndrome;5-hydroxytryptamine;5-hydroxytryptamine 2B receptor;Colon tissues; Abdominal pain

腸易激綜合征(IBS)是一種以反復(fù)發(fā)作的腹痛或腹部不適,伴有糞便性狀及排便習(xí)慣改變?yōu)橹鞯穆怨δ苄阅c道疾病[1-2],是消化科的常見(jiàn)病、慢性病,嚴(yán)重影響患者的生活質(zhì)量。其病因和發(fā)病機(jī)制尚不清楚,其中,內(nèi)臟敏感性增高是IBS患者腹痛或腹部不適發(fā)生的最主要病因[3-4],也是IBS患者反復(fù)就診的最重要的因素。

5-羥色胺(5-hydroxytryptamine,5-HT),又名血清素,是腦-腸軸中重要的神經(jīng)遞質(zhì)。哺乳動(dòng)物體內(nèi)95%的5-HT來(lái)源于胃腸道,大部分外周5-HT受體分布于腸道,5-HT與腸道和腸神經(jīng)元細(xì)胞表面的5-HT受體結(jié)合,產(chǎn)生調(diào)控腸道運(yùn)動(dòng)、感覺(jué)和分泌的作用[5-9]。IBS患者血漿中5-HT及其代謝產(chǎn)物表達(dá)較正常人顯著增高[10-11],但5-HT與IBS患者腹痛的相關(guān)性研究,目前鮮有報(bào)道。5-HT2B受體廣泛分布于外周組織中,5-HT與5-HT2B受體結(jié)合可以促進(jìn)人離體結(jié)腸組織的收縮[12]。5-HT2B受體拮抗劑則可以劑量依賴性地降低IBS大鼠的內(nèi)臟高敏感[13],提示5-HT2B受體可能參與了IBS的內(nèi)臟高敏感。目前,關(guān)于5-HT2B受體在IBS患者血清和結(jié)腸黏膜中的表達(dá)尚缺少報(bào)道。本研究通過(guò)檢測(cè)腸IBS患者血漿和結(jié)腸黏膜5-HT及5-HT2B受體的表達(dá)情況,探討其與IBS患者腹痛的相關(guān)性,現(xiàn)報(bào)道如下。

1資料與方法

1.1一般資料

選取2016年1月~2017年5月于大連市友誼醫(yī)院消化內(nèi)科確診的48例腹瀉型IBS(IBS-D)及便秘型IBS(IBS-C)患者,其中IBS-D患者26例(IBS-D組),IBS-C患者22例(IBS-C組);另選取28例同期行結(jié)腸癌或結(jié)腸息肉篩查且結(jié)腸鏡檢查結(jié)果陰性者作為對(duì)照組。IBS-D組中,男12例,女14例;年齡29~70歲,平均(52.3±10.8)歲。IBS-C組中,男9例,女13例;年齡30~72歲,平均(52.9±10.3)歲。對(duì)照組中,男12例,女16例;年齡28~70歲,平均(52.1±11.1)歲。三組的一般資料比較,差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),具有可比性。本研究已經(jīng)醫(yī)院醫(yī)學(xué)倫理委員會(huì)審核批準(zhǔn),所有研究對(duì)象均簽署知情同意書。

1.2方法

抽取受試者的靜脈血,經(jīng)12 000 r/min,4℃,超速離心10 min,取上清液置于-80°C冰箱內(nèi)保存;采用ELISA試劑盒檢測(cè)血漿5-HT及5-HT2B受體的濃度;結(jié)腸鏡檢查時(shí)各取升結(jié)腸黏膜標(biāo)本2塊,置于-80°C冰箱內(nèi),采用逆轉(zhuǎn)錄PCR檢測(cè)5-HT及5-HT2B受體mRNA的表達(dá)情況。

1.3觀察指標(biāo)及評(píng)價(jià)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)

記錄受試者的腹部癥狀評(píng)分、血漿5-HT及5-HT2B受體濃度、結(jié)腸黏膜5-HT及5-HT2B受體的mRNA表達(dá)情況。

采用腹部癥狀評(píng)分量表進(jìn)行腹部癥狀評(píng)分。根據(jù)最近2周內(nèi)受試者腹痛、腹部不適癥狀對(duì)其日常生活的影響,進(jìn)行量化評(píng)分[14]:0分,無(wú)任何影響;1分,輕度影響(不影響日?;顒?dòng));2分,有相應(yīng)影響(影響了日?;顒?dòng));3分,嚴(yán)重影響(顯著影響了日?;顒?dòng));4分,非常嚴(yán)重(對(duì)日?;顒?dòng)嚴(yán)重妨礙)。

1.4統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法

采用SPSS 19.0統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)軟件對(duì)數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行分析,符合正態(tài)分布的計(jì)量資料以均數(shù)±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差(x±s)表示,組間兩兩比較采用t檢驗(yàn),不符合正態(tài)分布的轉(zhuǎn)換為正態(tài)分布,再行統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析;計(jì)數(shù)資料以率(%)表示,采用χ2檢驗(yàn),相關(guān)性采用Spearman等級(jí)相關(guān)性分析,以P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。

2結(jié)果

2.1三組腹部癥狀評(píng)分的比較

IBS-D組患者的腹部癥狀評(píng)分為(2.3±0.8)分,IBS-C組患者的腹部癥狀評(píng)分為(2.2±0.7)分,對(duì)照組的腹部癥狀評(píng)分為(0.3±0.2)分。IBS-D及IBS-C組患者的腹部癥狀評(píng)分高于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。IBS-D組患者的腹部癥狀評(píng)分與IBS-C組,差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。

2.2三組血漿5-HT及5-HT2B受體濃度的比較

IBS-D及IBS-C組患者的血漿5-HT及5-HT2B受體濃度高于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);IBS-D組患者的血漿5-HT及5-HT2B受體濃度與IBS-C組比較,差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)(表1)。

2.3三組結(jié)腸黏膜5-HT及5-HT2B受體mRNA表達(dá)情況的比較

IBS-D及IBS-C組患者結(jié)腸黏膜組織5-HT及5-HT2B受體mRNA表達(dá)量高于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);IBS-D組患者的結(jié)腸黏膜組織5-HT及5-HT2B受體mRNA表達(dá)量與IBS-C組比較,差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)(圖1)。

2.4三組腹部癥狀評(píng)分與血漿5-HT及5-HT2B受體水平的相關(guān)性分析

Spearman分析結(jié)果顯示,IBS-D和IBS-C組患者血漿5-HT的表達(dá)量與腹部癥狀評(píng)分成正相關(guān)(r=0.82、0.79,P<0.05);對(duì)照組血漿5-HT的表達(dá)量與腹部癥狀評(píng)分無(wú)相關(guān)性(P>0.05)。IBS-D和IBS-C組患者血漿5-HT2B受體的表達(dá)量與腹部癥狀評(píng)分成正相關(guān)(r=0.78、0.76,P<0.05);對(duì)照組血漿5-HT2B受體的表達(dá)量與腹部癥狀評(píng)分無(wú)相關(guān)性(P>0.05)(表2)。

3討論

IBS的病因和發(fā)病機(jī)制仍不清楚,傳統(tǒng)觀念認(rèn)為胃腸動(dòng)力障礙和內(nèi)臟敏感性增高等是引起IBS發(fā)病的關(guān)鍵因素[15-18]。近年來(lái)發(fā)現(xiàn)了與IBS發(fā)病相關(guān)的新的病理生理學(xué)改變依據(jù),如腦腸軸功能失調(diào)、肥大細(xì)胞的激活并釋放活性物質(zhì)等[19]。其中,內(nèi)臟敏感性增高被認(rèn)為是IBS最主要的病理生理學(xué)基礎(chǔ),也是IBS患者腹痛發(fā)生的最主要的病理生理學(xué)基礎(chǔ)[20]。

5-HT作為神經(jīng)遞質(zhì),廣泛分布在周圍組織和中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)中。大部分5-HT受體分布于腸道,5-HT與腸道的5-HT受體結(jié)合,產(chǎn)生調(diào)控腸道運(yùn)動(dòng)、感覺(jué)和分泌的作用。5-HT與5-HT2B受體結(jié)合可以發(fā)揮收縮結(jié)腸的作用,5-HT含量或功能異??赡芤餓BS患者的臨床癥狀。IBS患者可出現(xiàn)5-HT含量異常,而5-HT信號(hào)系統(tǒng)的異常則可以引起腸道分泌,感覺(jué)和運(yùn)動(dòng)功能的改變,進(jìn)而導(dǎo)致IBS臨床癥狀的發(fā)生[21]。既往研究報(bào)道,IBS-D和IBS-C患者的血漿5-HT水平較健康者顯著增高[22],而Sen等[23]的研究顯示,IBS-D患者血漿5-HT水平較健康者明顯升高,而IBS-C患者血漿5-HT與健康者比較,差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。本研究結(jié)果顯示,IBS-D及IBS-C組患者的血漿5-HT及5-HT2B受體濃度高于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),與上述研究結(jié)果一致。但本研究中,IBS-D患者的血漿5-HT及5-HT2B受體濃度與IBS-C患者比較,差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),可能與研究樣本量相對(duì)較少有關(guān),后期可擴(kuò)大樣本量進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證。

通過(guò)對(duì)血漿5-HT的表達(dá)水平與腹部癥狀評(píng)分的相關(guān)性進(jìn)行分析,結(jié)果顯示,IBS-D和IBS-C組患者血漿5-HT的表達(dá)量與腹部癥狀評(píng)分成正相關(guān)(r=0.82、0.79,P<0.05);對(duì)照組血漿5-HT的表達(dá)量與腹部癥狀評(píng)分無(wú)相關(guān)性(P>0.05),提示5-HT可能參與了IBS腹痛/腹部不適癥狀的發(fā)生。5-HT2B受體在人結(jié)腸組織中存在表達(dá),5-HT與5-HT2B受體結(jié)合發(fā)揮收縮結(jié)腸的作用[24]。相關(guān)研究顯示,RS-127445作為5-HT2B受體拮抗劑,抑制小鼠的腸道蠕動(dòng),抑制大鼠的排便,提示5-HT2B受體可能參與了生理狀態(tài)下結(jié)腸的運(yùn)動(dòng),且RS-127445可以降低IBS大鼠的內(nèi)臟高敏性[26]。該研究提示5-HT2B受體可能參與了IBS內(nèi)臟高敏感的發(fā)生。本研究結(jié)果顯示,IBS-D和IBS-C組患者血漿5-HT2B受體的表達(dá)量與腹部癥狀評(píng)分成正相關(guān)(r=0.78、0.76,P<0.05);對(duì)照組血漿5-HT2B受體的表達(dá)量與腹部癥狀評(píng)分無(wú)相關(guān)性(P>0.05),提示5-HT2B受體可能參與了IBS腹痛/腹部不適癥狀的發(fā)生。

綜上所述,IBS患者不僅存在5-HT的高表達(dá),5-HT2B受體也存在高表達(dá),IBS患者高表達(dá)的5-HT可能通過(guò)結(jié)合5-HT2B受體,參與IBS患者腹痛癥狀的發(fā)生,后期可擴(kuò)大樣本量進(jìn)一步驗(yàn)證,以期為IBS的發(fā)病機(jī)制及臨床治療提供新的靶點(diǎn)。

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(收稿日期:2019-08-27? 本文編輯:閆? 佩)

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