0.05),觀察組護(hù)理干預(yù)后口腔異味程度輕于護(hù)理干"/>
胡望林 胡陳
[摘要]目的 探討程序化口腔護(hù)理在預(yù)防重型顱腦損傷患者肺部感染中的應(yīng)用價值。方法 選取武漢科技大學(xué)附屬漢陽醫(yī)院2017年1月~2019年8月住院治療的80例重型顱腦損傷患者作為研究對象,按照隨機(jī)數(shù)字表法分為兩組,每組各40例。對照組予常規(guī)口腔護(hù)理措施干預(yù),觀察組予程序化口腔護(hù)理措施干預(yù)。比較兩組護(hù)理效果、肺部感染發(fā)生率及干預(yù)前后口腔異味程度,檢測兩組干預(yù)前后口腔細(xì)菌菌數(shù)。結(jié)果 對照組護(hù)理干預(yù)前后口腔異味程度比較,差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P>0.05),觀察組護(hù)理干預(yù)后口腔異味程度輕于護(hù)理干預(yù)前和對照組(P<0.05);觀察組口腔護(hù)理效果優(yōu)于對照組(P<0.05);兩組口腔護(hù)理前細(xì)菌菌數(shù)培養(yǎng)比較,差異無統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P>0.05),兩組口腔護(hù)理后細(xì)菌菌數(shù)培養(yǎng)少于護(hù)理干預(yù)前(P<0.05),且觀察組少于對照組(P<0.05);觀察組肺部感染發(fā)生率(15.0%)低于對照組(37.5%),差異有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。結(jié)論 程序化口腔護(hù)理可明顯減輕重型顱腦損傷患者口腔異味,抑制口腔內(nèi)細(xì)菌生長,改善口腔護(hù)理效果和降低肺部感染發(fā)生率。
[關(guān)鍵詞]程序化口腔護(hù)理;顱腦損傷;肺部感染
[中圖分類號] R473.6? ? ? ? ? [文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識碼] A? ? ? ? ? [文章編號] 1674-4721(2020)6(a)-0233-04
[Abstract] Objective To explore the application value of programmed oral care in preventing pulmonary infection of patients with severe craniocerebral injury. Methods A total of 80 cases of patients with severe craniocerebral injury hospitalized in Hanyang Hospital Affiliated to Wuhan University of Science and Technology during the period of January 2017 to August 2019 were selected as the research objects, these patients were divided into two groups according to random number table method, 40 cases in each group. The control group was intervented with conventional oral nursing, and the observation group was intervented with procedural oral nursing. The nursing efficacy, incidence of pulmonary infection and degree of bad breath before and after intervention between the two groups were compared. Results There were no significant differences about the degree of oral malodor in the control group before and after nursing intervention (P>0.05), and the degree of oral malodor in the observation group after nursing intervention was lower than that of before nursing intervention and the control group (P<0.05). The effect of oral care in the observation group was better than that in the control group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference about the bacterial count culture between the two groups before oral care (P>0.05), and the number of bacteria cultured of the two groups after oral care was lower than that of before nursing intervention (P<0.05), and that of the observation group was lower than that of the control group (P<0.05). The incidence of pulmonary infection in the observation group (15.0%) was lower than that in the control group (37.5%) (P<0.05). Conclusion The programmed oral care can obviously reduce the bad breath of patients with severe craniocerebral injury, inhibit the growth of bacteria in the mouth, improve the curative effect of oral care and reduce the incidence of pulmonary infection.
3討論
正常情況下機(jī)體自身免疫防御力和口腔環(huán)境內(nèi)常居菌處于動態(tài)平衡狀態(tài),重型顱腦損傷患者由于無法自主排痰,使大量分泌物積蓄在口腔內(nèi)[9]。此外患者自身免疫防御力明顯降低,口腔自凈功能及局部黏膜組織抵抗力呈不同程度下降,導(dǎo)致致病菌大量定植在口腔環(huán)境內(nèi),而殘留在口腔內(nèi)污血也有利于致病細(xì)菌大量繁殖。同時重型顱腦損傷患者伴隨吞咽生理功能障礙,咳嗽生理反射及呼吸氣道黏膜屏障保護(hù)功能也明顯減退,嘔吐時極易將含有細(xì)菌痰液、胃液等誤吸入呼吸道,而導(dǎo)致肺部感染發(fā)生[10]。醫(yī)療儀器和管道連接,多種侵襲性操作等均可導(dǎo)致口咽部定植細(xì)菌出現(xiàn)下移現(xiàn)象,使肺部感染發(fā)生的風(fēng)險性明顯升高[11]。
致病細(xì)菌在口咽部定植是導(dǎo)致重型顱腦損傷患者肺部感染發(fā)生的主要原因[12-13],故選擇有效口腔護(hù)理措施是預(yù)防重型顱腦損傷患者肺部感染發(fā)生的關(guān)鍵所在,不但可確?;颊呖谇粌?nèi)環(huán)境清潔和舒適,且還可防治口腔內(nèi)細(xì)菌感染,減少吸入性肺炎的發(fā)生[14-15]。但既往使用生理鹽水僅能起到清潔口腔環(huán)境的作用,難以起到抑制細(xì)菌生長、殺滅細(xì)菌及清除口腔異味的作用[16]。本研究采用程序化口腔護(hù)理干預(yù)措施通過查閱口腔護(hù)理相關(guān)文獻(xiàn)資料為循證學(xué)依據(jù),制訂科學(xué)合理的程序化口腔護(hù)理干預(yù)方案,再進(jìn)行相應(yīng)學(xué)習(xí)、培訓(xùn)及考核后實施方案,根據(jù)患者口腔黏膜病損情況選擇不同口腔護(hù)理液和干預(yù)措施,強(qiáng)調(diào)口腔內(nèi)分泌物充分吸引,消毒隔離及無菌操作原則。本研究使用的2%過氧化氫溶液是一種強(qiáng)氧化消毒劑,在過氧化氫酶作用下可快速分解并形成氧自由基分子,而有效殺死細(xì)菌、病毒和真菌等致病微生物,同時在分解中產(chǎn)生泡沫,可促進(jìn)隱蔽污物及細(xì)菌排出,而起到清除口腔內(nèi)膿液、血塊及黏液的目的[17-18]。聯(lián)合應(yīng)用復(fù)方氯己定溶液擦洗,使口腔內(nèi)味道更清新,直接降低重型顱腦損傷患者口腔異味[19-20]。
本研究結(jié)果顯示,觀察組護(hù)理干預(yù)后口腔異味程度、細(xì)菌菌數(shù)培養(yǎng)減少幅度及口腔護(hù)理效果均優(yōu)于對照組(P<0.05),且觀察組肺部感染發(fā)生率低于對照組(P<0.05)。提示程序化口腔護(hù)理可明顯減輕重型顱腦損傷患者口腔異味,抑制口腔內(nèi)細(xì)菌生長,改善口腔護(hù)理效果和降低肺部感染發(fā)生率。
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(收稿日期:2019-11-27? 本文編輯:崔建中)