孫佳佳
[摘要] 目的 探討老年2型糖尿?。═2DM)患者血清炎性因子表達(dá)及與周圍神經(jīng)病變的相關(guān)性。方法 選擇該院于2016年6月—2020年7月收治的100例老年T2DM患者,按是否合并周圍神經(jīng)病變分為兩組,合并周圍神經(jīng)病變組51例,T2DM未合并周圍神經(jīng)病變組49例。采集兩組空腹靜脈血5 mL,測(cè)定血清超敏C反應(yīng)蛋白(hs-CRP)、腫瘤壞死因子-α(TNF-α) 、白細(xì)胞介素-6(IL-6)、降鈣素原(PCT)。比較兩組血清指標(biāo)水平、神經(jīng)傳導(dǎo)速度、波幅差異,分析不同周圍神經(jīng)病變程度患者血清指標(biāo)差異,并分析合并周圍神經(jīng)病變患者h(yuǎn)s-CRP、TNF-α、IL-6、PCT水平與神經(jīng)傳導(dǎo)速度、波幅相關(guān)性。結(jié)果 合并周圍神經(jīng)病變組血清hs-CRP、TNF-α、IL-6、PCT水平分別為(8.42±1.79)mg/L、(23.42±4.68)mg/L、(97.25±9.85)ng/L、(3.30±0.72)ng/L,高于T2DM未合并周圍神經(jīng)病變組的(5.88±1.33)mg/L、(7.35±2.86)mg/L、(81.32±9.15)ng/L、(1.97±0.43)ng/L,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(t=8.029、20.620、8.371、11.168,P<0.001);合并周圍神經(jīng)病變程度腓淺神經(jīng)SNAP、sNCV和脛神經(jīng)mNAP、脛神經(jīng)CNCV高于T2DM未合并周圍神經(jīng)病變組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);周圍神經(jīng)病變程度Ⅲ級(jí)hs-CRP、TNF-α、IL-6、PCT水平分別為(10.96±1.71)mg/L、(30.14±4.88)mg/L、(109.98±10.62)ng/L、(5.15±0.62)ng/L,Ⅱ級(jí)的(8.19±1.13)mg/L、(19.94±4.35)mg/L、(91.64±10.02)ng/L、(3.37±0.72)ng/L,Ⅰ級(jí)的(5.84±1.06)mg/L、(14.75±2.71)mg/L、(84.35±9.26)ng/L、(2.20±0.57)ng/L,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.001);血清hs-CRP、TNF-α、IL-6、PCT水平與腓淺神經(jīng)SNAP、sNCV和脛神經(jīng)mNAP、脛神經(jīng)CNCV呈正相關(guān)(P<0.05)。結(jié)論 血清炎性因子參與老年T2DM患者周圍神經(jīng)病變發(fā)生、發(fā)展,與神經(jīng)傳導(dǎo)速度和波幅呈相關(guān),檢測(cè)血清炎性因子能夠指導(dǎo)治療,以改善患者預(yù)后。
[關(guān)鍵詞] 2型糖尿病;周圍神經(jīng)病變;老年人;血清炎性因子
[中圖分類號(hào)] R59 ? ? ? ? ?[文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼] A ? ? ? ? ?[文章編號(hào)] 1672-4062(2020)11(a)-0015-04
[Abstract] Objective To investigate the expression of serum inflammatory factors in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and its correlation with peripheral neuropathy. Methods A total of 100 elderly patients with T2DM admitted to the hospital from June 2016 to July 2020 were divided into two groups according to whether they were associated with peripheral neuropathy. There were 51 cases in the combined peripheral neuropathy group and 49 cases in the pure T2DM group. Forty-five healthy people who underwent physical examination in our hospital served as the control group. Collect 3 groups of fasting venous blood 5 mL, determine serum high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-6 (IL-6), procalcitonin (PCT). Compare the differences in serum index levels, nerve conduction velocity, and amplitude of the two groups, analyze the differences in serum index of patients with different degrees of peripheral neuropathy, and analyze the levels of hs-CRP, TNF-α, IL-6, PCT and nerve conduction in patients with peripheral neuropathy speed, volatility correlation. Results The levels of serum hs-CRP, TNF-α, IL-6 and PCT in the combined peripheral neuropathy group were (8.42±1.79)mg/L, (23.42±4.68)mg/L, (97.25±9.85)ng/L, (3.30±0.72)ng/L, higher than (5.88±1.33)mg/L, (7.35±2.86)mg/L, (81.32±9.15)ng/L, (1.97±0.43)ng/L in the T2DM group without peripheral neuropathy ng/L, the difference is statistically significant (t=8.029, 20.620, 8.317, 11.168, P<0.001); the degree of combined peripheral neuropathy of superficial peroneal nerve SNAP, sNCV and tibial nerve mNAP, tibial nerve CNCV is higher than T2DM without peripheral Neuropathy group, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05); the level of peripheral neuropathy grade III hs-CRP, TNF-α, IL-6, and PCT levels were (10.96±1.71)mg/L, (30.14±4.88)mg/L, (109.98±10.62)ng/L, (5.15±0.62)ng/L, grade II (8.19±1.13)mg/L, (19.94±4.35)mg/L, (91.64±10.02)ng/L, (3.37±0.72)ng/L, grade I (5.84±1.06)mg/L, (14.75±2.71)mg/L, (84.35±9.26)ng/L, (2.20±0.57)ng/L, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.001).Serum hs-CRP, TNF-α, IL-6, PCT levels were positively correlated with superficial peroneal nerve SNAP, sNCV, tibial nerve mNAP, and tibial nerve CNCV (P<0.05). Conclusion Serum inflammatory factors are involved in the occurrence and progression of elderly T2DM. The more severe the degree of peripheral neuropathy, the higher the level of serum inflammatory factors, which can guide treatment to improve the prognosis of patients.
[Key words] Type 2 diabetes; Peripheral neuropathy; Elderly; Serum inflammatory factors
糖尿病周圍神經(jīng)病變是老年2型糖尿?。═2DM)常見的嚴(yán)重慢性并發(fā)癥,主要病理改變?yōu)殡A段性脫髓鞘、遠(yuǎn)端神經(jīng)病變、神經(jīng)纖維喪失,屬于糖尿病常見的并發(fā)癥之一,主要表現(xiàn)為麻木、疼痛、感覺減退,若不及時(shí)接受有效的治療,隨著病情進(jìn)展會(huì)出現(xiàn)足部感染、潰瘍、壞疽等,甚至可累及全身各個(gè)部位,嚴(yán)重影響患者正常生活[1-2]。糖尿病周圍神經(jīng)病變臨床表現(xiàn)多樣且發(fā)病機(jī)制復(fù)雜,具有起病隱匿、進(jìn)展緩慢、不易逆轉(zhuǎn)等特點(diǎn),是造成老年T2DM患者截肢的重要因素之一[3]。相關(guān)研究顯示[4],糖尿病周圍神經(jīng)病變發(fā)生、進(jìn)展與機(jī)體慢性微炎癥反應(yīng)密切相關(guān)。該研究選擇該院于2016年6月—2020年7月收治的100例老年T2DM患者為研究對(duì)象,分析老年T2DM患者血清炎性因子表達(dá)及與周圍神經(jīng)病變的相關(guān)性,為臨床治療提供參考。報(bào)道如下。
1 ?資料與方法
1.1 ?一般資料
選擇該院收治的100例老年T2DM患者,按是否合并周圍神經(jīng)病變分為兩組,其中合并周圍神經(jīng)病變組51例,年齡60~74歲,平均年齡(66.45±2.28)歲;性別:男26例,女25例;糖尿病病程2~16年,平均病程(7.20±2.84)年;病變程度:Ⅰ級(jí)15例,Ⅱ級(jí)22例,Ⅲ級(jí)14例。T2DM未合并周圍神經(jīng)病變組49例,年齡61~73歲,平均年齡(66.39±2.24)歲;性別:男33例,女16例;糖尿病病程3~14年,平均病程(7.14±2.75)年。兩組一般資料相比差異無統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05)。存在可比性。入組患者均簽署知情同意書。該研究經(jīng)醫(yī)學(xué)倫理委員會(huì)審核批準(zhǔn)。
1.2 ?方法
采集兩組患者空腹靜脈血5 mL,離心10 min,3 000 r/min,獲取上層清液,使用免疫比濁法測(cè)定超敏C反應(yīng)蛋白(hs-CRP);使用電化學(xué)發(fā)光法測(cè)定腫瘤壞死因子-α(TNF-α)、白細(xì)胞介素-6(IL-6);使用半定量固相免疫法測(cè)定降鈣素原(PCT)。使用VIKING QUEST肌電誘發(fā)電位儀(美國格力高公司)測(cè)檢查兩組神經(jīng)傳導(dǎo)速度、波幅:腓淺神經(jīng)感覺神經(jīng)波幅(SNAP)和傳導(dǎo)速度(sNCV)、脛神經(jīng)運(yùn)動(dòng)神經(jīng)波幅(mNAP)和傳導(dǎo)速度(CNCV)。
1.3 ?觀察指標(biāo)
①比較兩組血清hs-CRP、TNF-α、IL-6、PCT水平、神經(jīng)傳導(dǎo)速度、波幅差異;②比較不同周圍神經(jīng)病變程度患者h(yuǎn)s-CRP、TNF-α、IL-6、PCT水平差異。③分析合并周圍神經(jīng)病變患者h(yuǎn)s-CRP、TNF-α、IL-6、PCT水平與神經(jīng)傳導(dǎo)速度、波幅相關(guān)性。
1.4 ?統(tǒng)計(jì)方法
應(yīng)用SPSS 21.0統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)軟件分析數(shù)據(jù),計(jì)量資料用(x±s)表示,多組比較使用單因素方差分析,兩組比較用t檢驗(yàn);計(jì)數(shù)資料以[n(%)]表示,用χ2檢驗(yàn),相關(guān)性使用Pearson相關(guān)性分析,P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2 ?結(jié)果
2.1 ?不同組別血清指標(biāo)、神經(jīng)傳導(dǎo)速度、波幅
合并周圍神經(jīng)病變程度組血清hs-CRP、TNF-α、IL-6、PCT水平、腓淺神經(jīng)SNAP、sNCV和脛神經(jīng)mNAP、脛神經(jīng)CNCV高于T2DM未合并周圍神經(jīng)病變組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。見表1。
2.2 ?不同周圍神經(jīng)病變程度患者血清指標(biāo)
隨著周圍神經(jīng)病變程度加重,血清hs-CRP、TNF-α、IL-6、PCT水平逐漸升高,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。見表2。
2.3 ?合并周圍神經(jīng)病變患者血清指標(biāo)與神經(jīng)傳導(dǎo)速度、波幅相關(guān)性
血清hs-CRP、TNF-α、IL-6、PCT水平與腓淺神經(jīng)SNAP、sNCV和脛神經(jīng)mNAP、脛神經(jīng)CNCV呈正相關(guān)(P<0.05)。見表3。
3 ?討論
周圍神經(jīng)病變的患病率約占糖尿病總數(shù)的60%~70%,主要病理改變?yōu)殡A段性脫髓鞘、遠(yuǎn)端神經(jīng)病變、神經(jīng)纖維喪失,早期以感覺障礙為主,表現(xiàn)為蟻行、麻木、觸電、蟲爬等,隨著病情進(jìn)展可引起下肢潰瘍、關(guān)節(jié)病、壞疽,甚至可累及運(yùn)動(dòng)神經(jīng),導(dǎo)致患者出現(xiàn)營養(yǎng)不良性肌萎縮、肌力減退[5-6]。糖尿病周圍神經(jīng)病變發(fā)病機(jī)制較為復(fù)雜,可能與微循環(huán)障礙、代謝紊亂、神經(jīng)生長因子缺乏、氧化應(yīng)激損傷、血管內(nèi)皮損傷、慢性微炎癥反應(yīng)等因素有關(guān)。因老年T2DM患者機(jī)體長期處于高血糖狀態(tài),能促進(jìn)多元醇通路活化,引起代謝障礙,升高血清細(xì)胞因子和炎癥介質(zhì)水平,長期處于微炎癥反應(yīng)代謝狀態(tài)能夠損傷血管內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞,促使外周血管舒縮和功能紊亂,阻礙血液供應(yīng),外周神經(jīng)脫髓鞘,誘發(fā)末梢神經(jīng)炎、軸突變性[7-8]。
該研究結(jié)果顯示,合并周圍神經(jīng)病變程度組血清hs-CRP、TNF-α、IL-6、PCT水平高于T2DM未合并周圍神經(jīng)病變組,T2DM未合并周圍神經(jīng)病變組血清hs-CRP、TNF-α、IL-6、PCT水平高于合并周圍神經(jīng)病變組,提示周圍神經(jīng)病變發(fā)生與血清炎性因子水平密切相關(guān)。IL-6、TNF-α屬于多效性、功能廣泛的細(xì)胞因子,能夠調(diào)節(jié)細(xì)胞增殖、凋亡,當(dāng)機(jī)體受到非感染因素刺激時(shí),血清IL-6、TNF-α含量呈非特異性升高,促使免疫細(xì)胞活化并釋放血管活性物質(zhì),增加血管壁厚度,造成血管管腔狹窄,增加血管阻力,與周圍神經(jīng)病變發(fā)生關(guān)系密切[9-11]。hs-CRP是IL-6誘發(fā)產(chǎn)生的血漿蛋白,亦是級(jí)聯(lián)式炎性反應(yīng)因子的介質(zhì),能夠激活多種下游炎性信號(hào)通路,促進(jìn)炎性反應(yīng)或氧化應(yīng)激反應(yīng)進(jìn)展;PCT是由116個(gè)氨基酸組成的降鈣素的前肽物質(zhì),通常機(jī)體內(nèi)含量極低,而當(dāng)機(jī)體發(fā)生炎癥反應(yīng)時(shí),迅速增高血清中PCT含量,其能夠造成炎性細(xì)胞加劇對(duì)腎臟組織或腦組織等重要器官的浸潤,促進(jìn)病情發(fā)展,不會(huì)受到自身免疫系統(tǒng)疾病、腫瘤等影響。隨著炎性反應(yīng)持續(xù),能進(jìn)一步加重神經(jīng)損傷,可將炎性細(xì)胞因子水平作為預(yù)測(cè)老年T2DM發(fā)生周圍神經(jīng)病變的重要指標(biāo)。周亞男等[12]分析顯示,周圍神經(jīng)病變程度Ⅲ級(jí)hs-CRP、TNF-α、IL-6、PCT水平分別為(10.86±1.79)mg/L、(30.07±4.96)mg/L、(109.81±10.94)ng/L、(5.04±0.77)ng/L,Ⅱ級(jí)的(8.07±1.24)mg/L、(19.84±4.21)mg/L、(91.46±10.13)ng/L、(3.54±0.79)ng/L,Ⅰ級(jí)的(5.95±1.12)mg/L、(14.97±2.81)mg/L、(84.71±9.61)ng/L、(2.25±0.71)ng/L,提示血清炎性因子水平可隨著周圍神經(jīng)病變程度加重而升高。該研究中,周圍神經(jīng)病變程度Ⅲ級(jí)hs-CRP、TNF-α、IL-6、PCT水平分別為(10.96±1.71)mg/L、(30.14±4.88)mg/L、(109.98±10.62)ng/L、(5.15±0.62)ng/L,Ⅱ級(jí)的(8.19±1.13)mg/L、(19.94±4.35)mg/L、(91.64±10.02)ng/L、(3.37±0.72)ng/L,Ⅰ級(jí)的(5.84±1.06)mg/L、(14.75±2.71)mg/L、(84.35±9.26)ng/L、(2.20±0.57)ng/L,與上述研究結(jié)果一致,可見血清炎性因子可促進(jìn)周圍神經(jīng)病變進(jìn)展,加重病情,臨床需加以重視。該研究中,合并周圍神經(jīng)病變程度組腓淺神經(jīng)SNAP、sNCV和脛神經(jīng)mNAP、脛神經(jīng)CNCV高于T2DM未合并周圍神經(jīng)病變組;血清hs-CRP、TNF-α、IL-6、PCT水平與腓淺神經(jīng)SNAP、sNCV和脛神經(jīng)mNAP、脛神經(jīng)CNCV呈正相關(guān),提示血清炎性因子能夠?qū)е吕夏闠2DM患者發(fā)生感覺和運(yùn)動(dòng)傳導(dǎo)神經(jīng)障礙。
綜上所述,老年T2DM患者血清炎性因子水平與周圍神經(jīng)病變發(fā)生進(jìn)展密切相關(guān),水平高低與神經(jīng)傳導(dǎo)速度和波幅呈相關(guān),檢測(cè)血清炎性因子能夠指導(dǎo)治療,以改善患者預(yù)后。
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(收稿日期:2020-08-15)