郭欣 喻書琛 李美文 李昂
[摘要]目的:評價吲哚菁綠(Indocyanine green,ICG)介導的光動力療法(Photodynamic therapy, PDT)(ICG-PDT)在治療慢性牙周炎中的療效。方法:檢索EMBASE、Cochrane Library、Medline/PubMed、中國期刊全文數(shù)據(jù)庫(CNKI)和中國生物醫(yī)學文獻數(shù)據(jù)庫(CBM),截止時間2020年7月28日。篩選研究ICG-PDT治療慢性牙周炎的隨機對照試驗(RCT),實驗組采用ICG-PDT療法,對照組采用單純SRP治療。結(jié)果:共納入8項RCT,312例受試者。治療3個月后,ICG-PDT組的探診深度(PPD)、菌斑指數(shù)(PI)、臨床附著喪失(CAL)改善均顯著優(yōu)于對照組,差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(P<0.05),但是在相對附著水平(RAL)、探診出血(BOP)、牙齦退縮(GR)方面與對照組相比無明顯差異(P>0.2);治療6個月后,ICG-PDT組的PI、CAL改善情況均顯著優(yōu)于對照組,差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(P<0.05)。結(jié)論:ICG-PDT輔助SRP治療慢性牙周炎效果顯著優(yōu)于傳統(tǒng)的SRP治療。
[關(guān)鍵詞]吲哚菁綠;光動力療法;慢性牙周炎;非手術(shù)治療;潔治刮治;Meta分析
[中圖分類號]R781.4+2? ? [文獻標志碼]A? ? [文章編號]1008-6455(2022)01-0111-04
The Effect of Indocyanine Green-mediated Photodynamic Therapy in Treating Periodontitis: A Meta-analysis
GUO Xin1,2, YU Shushen1 ,LI Meiwen1,2 ,LI Ang1,2
(1.Key Laboratory of Shaanxi Province for Craniofacial Precision Medicine Research,Hospital of Stomatology,Xi’an Jiaotong University,Xi’an 710004,Shaanxi,China; 2.Department of Periodontics & Oral Mucosal Diseases,Hospital of Stomatology of Xi’an Jiaotong University, Xi’an 710004,Shaanxi, China)
Abstract: Objective? To evaluate the efficacy of indocyanine green (ICG) mediated photodynamic therapy (PDT) (ICG -PDT) in treating chronic periodontitis. Methods? The EMBASE, Cochrane library, Medline/PubMed, CNKI, and CBM databases were searched up to 28th July 2020. Only randomized controlled trials (RCTs) were included. The test group received ICG -PDT combined with scaling and root planning (SRP), while the control group only received SRP. Results? Eight RCTs involving 312 participants were included. The ICG -PDT group showed greater improvements referring probing pocket depth (PPD), plaque index (PI), clinical attachment loss (CAL) after 3 months than that of the control group (P<0.05). However, no significant differences between groups were observed for relative attachment level (RAL)、bleeding on probing (BOP) and gingival recession (GR) (P>0.2).After 6mouths, ICG -PDT group showed greater improvements referring PI, CAL when compared with the control group (P<0.05). Conclusion? ICG mediated PDT provides additional benefits in treating chronic periodontitis than SRP alone.
Key words:indocyanine green (ICG);photodynamic therapy (PDT);chronic periodontitis; non-surgical treatment; scaling and root planning; Meta-analysis
目前,傳統(tǒng)的牙周清創(chuàng)方式為機械清創(chuàng),是臨床上常見治療慢性牙周炎的方法。但是,單純的器械清創(chuàng)無法徹底消除牙周器械難以到達的解剖部位,比如:根分叉、根面溝等,從而導致牙周炎遷延不愈[1]。因此,慢性牙周炎的治療需要傳統(tǒng)的潔治刮治(Scaling and root planning,SRP)配合其他輔助療法來達到更好的清創(chuàng)效果,光動力療法(PDT)就是常用的輔助技術(shù)之一[2]。
PDT基于以下原理,光敏劑在激光的觸發(fā)下,產(chǎn)生單線態(tài)氧和高反應(yīng)性自由基,從而殺傷細菌及其產(chǎn)物。PDT中最常用的光敏劑有甲苯胺藍、亞甲基藍等,但其穿透能力有限[3],研究報道,一種新型的光敏劑—吲哚菁綠(ICG)具有良好的組織穿透力,能夠更好地清除牙周致病菌。本文旨在評價ICG介導的PDT輔助SRP在治療慢性牙周炎中的療效[4-5]。
1? 資料和方法
這篇Meta分析符合“系統(tǒng)評價和Meta分析首要報告項目”指南,且計劃書已在PROSPERO網(wǎng)站審核通過,ID號:CRD42020177215。
1.1 篩選標準:①參與者:慢性牙周炎患者;②干預(yù):ICG介導PDT輔助SRP治療;③對照:單純SRP治療;④首要結(jié)局指標:探診深度(PPD)、附著喪失(CAL);次要結(jié)局指標:菌斑指數(shù)(PI)、相對附著水平(RAL)、探診出血(BOP)、牙齦退縮(GR);⑤隨訪時間:治療后3個月和6個月;⑥研究類型:RCT。⑦排除標準:綜述、病例報告、原始數(shù)據(jù)不全、技術(shù)報告及根尖周病。
1.2 文獻檢索與篩選:電子檢索EMBASE、Cochrane Library、Medline/Pubmed、CNKI和CBM,無語言限制,檢索時間截止至2020年7月28日,并追索納入文獻及相關(guān)文獻的參考文獻進行手工檢索。英文檢索策略圍繞以下關(guān)鍵詞建立:“periodontitis, photodynamic therapy, Indocyanine Green”。兩名評價員獨立進行文獻篩選,如遇分歧則與第三位評價員討論解決。
1.3 質(zhì)量評價與資料提?。焊鶕?jù)Cochrane系統(tǒng)評價手冊,兩名評價員分別評估納入研究的偏倚風險、提取原始數(shù)據(jù),提取內(nèi)容包括作者姓名、國籍、發(fā)表時間、受試者一般情況、干預(yù)措施、隨訪時間、觀察指標和研究結(jié)果。如遇分歧則與第三位評價員討論解決。
1.4 統(tǒng)計學分析:采用 RevMan 5.3 軟件(The nordic cochrane centre, denmark)對研究結(jié)果進行統(tǒng)計分析。采用χ2檢驗評價研究間異質(zhì)性,如異質(zhì)性明顯(I2>50%,P≤0.10),則采用隨機效應(yīng)模型,反之采用固定效應(yīng)模型。計數(shù)資料采用比值比(OR)及其95%可信區(qū)間(CI)作為效應(yīng)量,計量資料采用均數(shù)差(MD)及其95%CI作為效應(yīng)量。對于無法進行定量分析的研究采取描述性分析。
2? 結(jié)果
2.1 文獻檢索和納入研究特征:初步檢索得到389篇文獻,通過篩選后最終納入8篇RCT[6-13](見圖1)。 納入研究共涉及4個國家、312例受試者。納入研究的基本特征見表1,各個研究中所使用的ICG參數(shù)見表2。
2.2 偏倚風險評價:納入的8項研究中[6-13],兩篇評級為高危,其余均為中等偏倚風險,各研究的偏倚風險分析見圖2。
2.3 Meta分析結(jié)果
2.3.1 首要結(jié)局指標:治療后3個月,ICG-PDT組的PPD改善比對照組更顯著:[MD=-0.75, 95%CI(-1.47,-0.03), P=0.04];而治療后6個月的PPD改變在兩組間無統(tǒng)計學差異:[MD=-0.51,95%CI(-1.72 ,0.70), P=0.41]。見圖3~4。
治療后3個月,實驗組CAL改善比對照組更明顯 [MD =-0.37, 95% CI(-0.55 ,-0.18),P=0.0 001];治療后6個月,實驗組CAL的優(yōu)勢依舊明顯 [MD=-0.63,95% CI(-0.82,-0.43), P<0.00 001],見表3。
2.3.2 次要結(jié)局指標:4項[8-9,11-12]研究,以0~3計分格式記錄PI值,2項[6-7]研究以PI百分數(shù)(PI%)格式記錄PI值。結(jié)果顯示,實驗組術(shù)后3個月的PI改善[PI: MD =-0.19,95%CI(-0.28,-0.10),P<0.0 001;PI%:MD= -4.11,95% CI(-6.12,-2.09),P<0.0 001],以及術(shù)后6個月的PI改善 [PI:MD=-0.16, 95% CI(-0.25,-0.07), P=0.0 003]均明顯優(yōu)于對照組。針對RAL、BOP和GR的結(jié)果,在術(shù)后3、6個月,均未觀察到顯著的組間差異(P>0.2)。見表3。
3? 討論
本研究廣泛收集國內(nèi)外的相關(guān)文獻,嚴格根據(jù)納入或排除標準,篩選符合條件的文獻,有效地保證了Meta分析的規(guī)范性。納入的8篇文獻對PPD、CAL、PI、BOP、RAL、GR 進行了統(tǒng)計分析。本研究結(jié)果示PPD、PI、CAL在3或6個月治療后效果明顯優(yōu)于對照組,結(jié)果與Shingnapurkar SH et al[12]、Monzavi A et al[7]、Raut CP et al[11]、Hill G et al[10]、Sethi KS et al[8]、Niazi FH et al[6]、Joshi K et al[13]等的臨床研究結(jié)果相同。但部分結(jié)果與已有的研究不完全一致,比如Srikanth.K et al[9]的研究報道ICG-PDT對PPD(3個月:I2=96%,P=0.04;6個月:I2=96%,P=0.41)的后期作用并不明顯。導致這一結(jié)果的可能的原因如下:①各研究所選的患者為中、重度牙周炎,但未明確牙周炎的劃分標準,因此,以后的研究應(yīng)盡可能參照2018年發(fā)布的牙周病國際新分類進行分期分級診斷[14];②激光使用不規(guī)范、激光投照角度變化、照射時間或間隔時間太久、照射能量或頻率太高等,均會使牙周膜細胞的增殖及吸附能力受到損傷,從而影響激光的療效[15];③本次納入的所有研究中,ICG的濃度不完全相同,會影響清除牙周病原體的能力,從而影響PDT的療效,因此建議在今后的研究中使用標準濃度ICG光敏劑[16]。
本研究的局限性:①納入研究中的激光波長、照射時間、照射面積等參數(shù)設(shè)置不盡相同,因此,存在一定的臨床異質(zhì)性;②本研究納入的研究數(shù)量有限,這一結(jié)論僅僅是初步的探索,仍需要更多高質(zhì)量的RCT來進一步評價ICG-PDT的療效。
綜上所述,ICG介導的PDT輔助SRP治療慢性牙周炎的效果在治療后3個月或6個月均優(yōu)于單獨SRP治療,但本研究納入的隨機對照實驗數(shù)量有限,今后尚需更多高質(zhì)量的研究來進一步探索這一主題。
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[收稿日期]2020-12-02
本文引用格式:郭欣,喻書琛,李美文,等.吲哚菁綠介導的光動力療法對牙周炎療效的Meta分析[J].中國美容醫(yī)學,2022,31(1):111-114.