何翰陽(yáng), 顏學(xué)勤, 溫賽嫻, 干李夢(mèng), 王琳琳, 王會(huì)麗,唐海杰, 潘銳, 付詠梅, 董軍△
p62/NF-κB通路調(diào)控HIV-1 gp120 V3環(huán)所致小鼠神經(jīng)炎癥的機(jī)制研究*
何翰陽(yáng)1, 顏學(xué)勤1, 溫賽嫻1, 干李夢(mèng)1, 王琳琳1, 王會(huì)麗1,唐海杰1, 潘銳2, 付詠梅1, 董軍1△
(1暨南大學(xué)基礎(chǔ)醫(yī)學(xué)與公共衛(wèi)生學(xué)院病理生理學(xué)系,國(guó)家中醫(yī)藥管理局病理生理科研實(shí)驗(yàn)室,粵港澳中樞神經(jīng)再生研究院,廣東 廣州 510632;2暨南大學(xué)附屬第一醫(yī)院骨科,廣東 廣州 510632)
探討自噬關(guān)鍵蛋白p62在HIV-1 gp120 V3環(huán)所致小鼠神經(jīng)炎癥中的作用及相關(guān)信號(hào)分子機(jī)制。野生型C57BL6小鼠隨機(jī)分成4組:空白組、假手術(shù)組(人工腦脊液組)、模型組(gp120 V3環(huán)組)及gp120 V3環(huán)+NF-κB活化阻滯劑BAY 11-7082組,每組12只。用Morris水迷宮檢測(cè)小鼠學(xué)習(xí)記憶能力;免疫熒光染色檢測(cè)海馬和皮層Iba-1表達(dá)水平;ELISA法檢測(cè)海馬和皮層炎癥因子的表達(dá)水平;Western blot檢測(cè)海馬和皮層相關(guān)蛋白表達(dá)水平。(1)Morris水迷宮結(jié)果顯示,與空白組相比,模型組小鼠逃避潛伏期顯著延長(zhǎng)(<0.01),平臺(tái)區(qū)域停留時(shí)間及穿越平臺(tái)次數(shù)顯著減少(<0.05);與模型組相比,gp120 V3環(huán)+BAY 11-7082組小鼠逃避潛伏期顯著縮短(<0.01),平臺(tái)區(qū)域停留時(shí)間及穿越平臺(tái)次數(shù)顯著增加(<0.05)。(2)免疫熒光染色結(jié)果顯示,與空白組相比,模型組海馬和皮層Iba-1熒光強(qiáng)度顯著增強(qiáng)(0.05);與模型組相比,gp120 V3環(huán)+BAY 11-7082組海馬和皮層Iba-1熒光強(qiáng)度顯著降低(0.05)。(3)ELISA結(jié)果顯示,與空白組相比,模型組IL-1β、TNF-α和IL-6水平均顯著上調(diào)(<0.05);與模型組相比,gp120 V3環(huán)+BAY 11-7082組IL-1β、TNF-α和IL-6水平顯著下調(diào)(<0.05)。(4)Western blot結(jié)果顯示,與空白組相比,模型組p62蛋白表達(dá)水平顯著上調(diào)(<0.01),p-p65/p65及p-IκB/IκB比值均顯著升高(<0.01);與模型組相比,gp120 V3環(huán)+BAY 11-7082組p62蛋白顯著下調(diào)(<0.05),p-p65/p65及p-IκB/IκB比值均顯著下降(分別<0.01和<0.05)。HIV-1 gp120 V3環(huán)所致小鼠學(xué)習(xí)記憶功能障礙的機(jī)制可能與通過(guò)激活p62/NF-κB信號(hào)通路引起神經(jīng)炎癥有關(guān),p62-NF-κB正反饋環(huán)的抑制可能會(huì)減輕神經(jīng)炎癥。
HIV相關(guān)神經(jīng)認(rèn)知障礙;HIV-1 gp120 V3環(huán);p62/NF-κB信號(hào)通路;神經(jīng)炎癥
人類免疫缺陷病毒(human immunodeficiency virus, HIV)相關(guān)神經(jīng)認(rèn)知障礙(HIV-associated neurocognitive disorder, HAND)是HIV感染中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)(central nervous system, CNS)的直接表現(xiàn)[1],其特征是獲得性認(rèn)知功能缺損、記憶力、注意力、處理信息的速度及精細(xì)運(yùn)動(dòng)功能發(fā)生障礙[2]。據(jù)統(tǒng)計(jì),HAND的發(fā)病率為30%~60%,且會(huì)隨著患者年齡的增長(zhǎng)而升高[3]。到目前為止,HAND仍然是HIV感染出現(xiàn)的嚴(yán)重并發(fā)癥之一,且沒(méi)有有效的防治方法。因此,闡明HAND的發(fā)病機(jī)制尤為迫切。
HIV進(jìn)入CNS后,感染刺激小膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞,使其釋放具有神經(jīng)毒性的炎癥因子[4],引發(fā)神經(jīng)炎癥,損壞神經(jīng)元。研究表明,HIV包膜上的gp120蛋白是參與HAND發(fā)病機(jī)制的關(guān)鍵蛋白[5],而其上的V3環(huán)是主要活性結(jié)構(gòu)域。p62蛋白不僅是一種自噬的關(guān)鍵蛋白,還是一種多功能信號(hào)中樞。且值得注意的是,p62蛋白水平的降低可以減輕神經(jīng)炎癥[6]。核因子κB(nuclear factor kappa B, NF-κB)是細(xì)胞凋亡、死亡和炎癥等過(guò)程的關(guān)鍵因子。已有研究表明,NF-κB信號(hào)通路的激活會(huì)促進(jìn)神經(jīng)炎癥的發(fā)生發(fā)展[7],但p62與NF-κB信號(hào)通路在HAND中的作用尚未闡明。因此,本研究擬通過(guò)側(cè)腦室注射HIV-1 gp120 V3環(huán),觀察小鼠發(fā)生神經(jīng)認(rèn)知功能障礙及其分子機(jī)制,并使用NF-κB活化阻滯劑,觀察HIV-1 gp120 V3環(huán)致小鼠神經(jīng)炎癥反應(yīng)中p62蛋白和NF-κB通路相關(guān)信號(hào)蛋白的表達(dá)情況,為HAND的防治提供實(shí)驗(yàn)依據(jù)。
1.1實(shí)驗(yàn)動(dòng)物SPF級(jí)雌性野生型C57/BL6小鼠48只,8~10周齡,體重18~22 g,購(gòu)自廣州言誠(chéng)公司,動(dòng)物合格證編號(hào)為SCXK(京)2019-0010,編號(hào):110324211104727252。小鼠在SPF環(huán)境下飼養(yǎng),溫度(22±2) ℃,濕度(55±5)%,光照12 h/黑暗12 h交替,自由飲水和攝食。實(shí)驗(yàn)動(dòng)物分為4組:空白(blank)組、假手術(shù)(sham)組、模型(gp120 V3環(huán))組和模型+阻滯劑(gp120 V3環(huán)+NF-κB活化阻滯劑BAY 11-7082)組,每組12只。實(shí)驗(yàn)程序通過(guò)暨南大學(xué)實(shí)驗(yàn)動(dòng)物倫理委員會(huì)嚴(yán)格審查。
1.2主要試劑及儀器HIV-1 gp120 V3環(huán)粉末購(gòu)自上海楚肽生物科技有限公司;NF-κB活化阻滯劑BAY 11-7082購(gòu)自Selleck;小鼠白細(xì)胞介素1β(interleukin-1β, IL-1β)、腫瘤壞死因子α(tumor necrosis factor-α, TNF-α)及IL-6檢測(cè)試劑盒均購(gòu)自武漢云克隆科技股份有限公司。腦立體定位儀購(gòu)自深圳市瑞沃德生命科技有限公司。
2.1小鼠分組及側(cè)腦室注射
2.1.1小鼠分組空白組:不作任何處理;模型組:小鼠側(cè)腦室注射5 μL的HIV-1 gp120 V3環(huán)溶液[1 mg HIV-1 gp120 V3環(huán)溶于1 mL人工腦脊液(artifical cerebrospinal fluid, ACSF)中,配成1 g/L的母液,吸取50 μL母液加入至2.45 mL ACSF中,配成100 ng/5 μL的注射液],每天1次,共3次;假手術(shù)組:小鼠側(cè)腦室注射5 μL ACSF,每天1次,共3次;模型+阻滯劑組:小鼠在側(cè)腦室注射5 μL HIV-1 gp120 V3環(huán)溶液前30 min腹腔注射1 mg/kg的BAY 11-7082(按0.2 mL/20 g注射,需把0.3 mg粉末溶于150 μL DMSO中,配成2 g/L母液,吸取150 μL母液加至2 850 μL ACSF中,配制成0.1 g/L的注射液),每天1次,共10次。實(shí)驗(yàn)?zāi)P秃头椒▌┝繀⒖枷嚓P(guān)文獻(xiàn)[8-10]。
2.1.2小鼠側(cè)腦室注射手術(shù)前,腹腔注射三溴乙醇麻醉小鼠(1.5 mL/kg),然后將其固定在腦立體定位儀上。小鼠頭皮處消毒后切開(kāi),暴露前囟點(diǎn),在前囟點(diǎn)向后0.2~0.5 mm中線左側(cè)或右側(cè)1.0 mm處鉆孔,用微量注射器在顱骨以下2.5~3.0 mm處以0.5 μL/min進(jìn)行側(cè)腦室注射給藥,注射完后留針10 min緩慢拔出,消毒縫合。
2.2Morris水迷宮實(shí)驗(yàn)本實(shí)驗(yàn)歷時(shí)7 d。平臺(tái)隱藏于水下,水溫保持在21~22 ℃,水池劃分為四個(gè)象限。為了排除個(gè)體差異對(duì)實(shí)驗(yàn)結(jié)果的影響,我們首先訓(xùn)練小鼠使它們學(xué)會(huì)游泳,并且能夠?qū)W習(xí)記憶水池中周邊的環(huán)境。根據(jù)每天每只小鼠的逃避潛伏期,評(píng)判小鼠的學(xué)習(xí)記憶能力,我們訓(xùn)練6 d,取最后兩天小鼠在四個(gè)象限的平均值,作為小鼠的最終逃避潛伏期。第1~6天的定位航行實(shí)驗(yàn)檢測(cè)小鼠學(xué)習(xí)能力:隨機(jī)選擇一象限將小鼠面向池壁放入水中,記錄小鼠尋找并爬上平臺(tái)所需時(shí)間(逃避潛伏期),并讓小鼠在平臺(tái)上休息30 s。如果小鼠在60 s內(nèi)未找到平臺(tái),需將其引至平臺(tái),且同讓休息30 s,這時(shí)潛伏期記錄為60 s。第7天的空間探索實(shí)驗(yàn)檢測(cè)小鼠記憶能力:撤去平臺(tái),在平臺(tái)所在象限的對(duì)角象限的同一入水點(diǎn),將小鼠面向池壁放入水中,在60 s內(nèi)記錄小鼠在平臺(tái)區(qū)域的逗留時(shí)間和穿越平臺(tái)的次數(shù)。
2.3免疫熒光法檢測(cè)小鼠海馬和皮層小膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞活化情況4%多聚甲醛固定小鼠腦組織,石蠟包埋、切片。脫蠟、抗原修復(fù),PBS漂洗3遍。室溫封閉1 h,PBS漂洗3遍。滴加Ⅰ抗,4 ℃過(guò)夜。PBS漂洗3遍。滴加Ⅱ抗1.5 h,PBS漂洗3遍,每次10 min,滴加DAPI染液10 min。PBS漂洗3遍,滴加抗熒光淬滅劑,封片。在熒光顯微鏡下觀察小膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞活化情況。將所得熒光圖片使用ImageJ軟件進(jìn)行分析。
2.4ELISA法檢測(cè)小鼠海馬和皮層組織炎癥因子水平 冰上操作,取待測(cè)組織于遇冷的EP管內(nèi),加入1×PBS和鋼珠勻漿,超聲處理勻漿液至澄清,4 ℃離心5 min,棄沉淀,吸取上清液為待測(cè)樣品。在酶標(biāo)板上加入標(biāo)準(zhǔn)品、待測(cè)樣本各100 μL,37 ℃溫育1 h。棄去液體,甩干,加入檢測(cè)溶液A工作液100 μL,37 ℃溫育1 h。棄去液體,加入洗滌液,浸泡1~2 min,輕拍移除液體。加入檢測(cè)溶液B工作液,37 ℃溫育30 min,棄去液體,甩干,洗板5遍。加入TMB底物溶液,37 ℃避光顯色20 min。加入終止液,在酶標(biāo)儀450 nm波長(zhǎng)測(cè)量各孔的吸光度()。
2.5Western blot實(shí)驗(yàn)取待測(cè)組織于預(yù)冷的EP管內(nèi),勻漿后4 ℃離心,吸取上清液。用BCA方法檢測(cè)蛋白濃度,加入5×上樣緩沖液調(diào)整統(tǒng)一蛋白濃度,煮沸變性。使用10%的SDS-PAGE分離蛋白,用濕轉(zhuǎn)法將蛋白轉(zhuǎn)移至PVDF膜上,TBST洗膜3遍。5%脫脂奶粉于室溫封閉1 h,Ⅰ抗4 ℃孵育12~16 h,TBST洗膜3遍,Ⅱ抗室溫孵育1 h,TBST洗膜3遍,將顯影液均勻滴在膜上,化學(xué)發(fā)光,應(yīng)用ImageJ軟件分析發(fā)光圖片的灰度值。
采用SPSS 22.0進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)分析。實(shí)驗(yàn)數(shù)據(jù)以均數(shù)±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)誤(mean±SEM)表示。組間均數(shù)比較采用單因素方差分析(one-way ANOVA)及LSD-檢驗(yàn)。以<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
在第1~6天定位航行實(shí)驗(yàn)中觀察到:與空白組相比,在第5天和第6天,模型組小鼠逃避潛伏期顯著延長(zhǎng)(<0.01);與模型組相比,在第5天和第6天,模型+阻滯劑組小鼠逃避潛伏期顯著縮短(<0.01),見(jiàn)圖1。在第7天空間探索實(shí)驗(yàn)中觀察到:與空白組相比,模型組小鼠穿越平臺(tái)次數(shù)和在平臺(tái)區(qū)域停留時(shí)間顯著減少(<0.05);與模型組相比,模型+阻滯劑組小鼠穿越平臺(tái)次數(shù)和在平臺(tái)區(qū)域停留時(shí)間顯著增多(<0.05),見(jiàn)圖2。
Figure 1. The effect of NF-κB activation blocker on learning and memory impairment induced by HIV-1 gp120 V3 loop in mice was tested by positioning navigation experiment of Morris water maze. Mean±SEM. n=12. **P<0.01 vs blank group;##P<0.01 vs gp120 V3 loop group.
Figure 2. The effect of NF-κB activation blocker on learning and memory impairment induced by HIV-1 gp120 V3 loop in mice was tested by spatial probe test of Morris water maze. A: time in the target platform; B: number of crossing platform. Mean±SEM. n=12. *P<0.05 vs blank group;#P<0.05 vs gp120 V3 loop group.
與空白組相比,模型組小鼠海馬和皮層區(qū)小膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞活化增強(qiáng),表現(xiàn)為細(xì)胞胞體增大,突起增粗,Iba-1熒光強(qiáng)度顯著增強(qiáng)(<0.05或<0.01);與模型組相比,模型+阻滯劑小鼠海馬和皮層區(qū)小膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞胞體體積縮小,突起變細(xì),Iba-1熒光強(qiáng)度顯著降低(<0.05),見(jiàn)圖3、4。
Figure 3. Observation of microglia activation and detection of Iba-1 (green) protein fluorescence intensity in the hippocampus. The scale bar=250 μm. Mean±SEM. n=6. *P<0.05 vs blank group;#P<0.05 vs gp120 V3 loop group.
Figure 4. Observation of microglia activation and detection of Iba-1 protein fluorescence intensity in the cortex. The scale bar=100 μm. Mean±SEM. n=6. **P<0.01 vs blank group;#P<0.05 vs gp120V3 loop group.
與空白組相比,模型組小鼠海馬和皮層炎癥因子TNF-α、IL-6和IL-1β水平顯著升高(<0.05或<0.01);與模型組相比,模型+阻滯劑組小鼠海馬和皮層炎癥因子TNF-α、IL-6和IL-1β水平顯著下降(<0.05,<0.01),見(jiàn)圖5。
Figure 5. The effect of HIV-1 gp120 V3 loop on the expression levels of inflammatory factors in the hippocampus and cortex after NF-κB activation blocker treatment was detected by ELISA. A: the relative expression of IL-1β; B: the relative expression of TNF-α; C: the relative expression of IL-6. Mean±SEM. n=6. *P<0.05,**P<0.01 vs blank group;#P<0.05,##P<0.01 vs gp120 V3 loop group.
與空白組相比,模型組小鼠海馬和皮層p62蛋白表達(dá)顯著上調(diào)(<0.01),NF-κB通路激活,表現(xiàn)為磷酸化IκB蛋白與IκB蛋白比值顯著上調(diào)(<0.01),磷酸化p65蛋白與p65蛋白比值顯著上調(diào)(<0.01);與模型組相比,模型+阻滯劑組小鼠海馬和皮層p62蛋白水平顯著下調(diào)(<0.05),NF-κB通路的激活得到緩解,表現(xiàn)為磷酸化IκB蛋白與IκB蛋白比值顯著下調(diào)(<0.05),磷酸化p65蛋白與p65蛋白比值顯著下調(diào)(<0.01),見(jiàn)圖6。
Figure 6. Western blot was used to detect the expression levels of p62 protein and NF-κB signaling pathway-related proteins. Mean±SEM. n=6. **P<0.01 vs blank group;#P<0.05,##P<0.01 vs gp120 V3 loop group.
HAND呈現(xiàn)典型的神經(jīng)退行性疾病的特征,且從確診HAND到死亡的平均時(shí)間僅為4.7個(gè)月。因此,闡明HAND的發(fā)病機(jī)制尤為迫切。
已有研究顯示,HIV-1gp120是致神經(jīng)元凋亡的關(guān)鍵蛋白,而其中的V3環(huán)是HIV-1 gp120發(fā)揮毒性的最主要的結(jié)構(gòu)域[11]。本課題組前期研究結(jié)果顯示,側(cè)腦室注射HIV-1 gp120 V3環(huán)可致大鼠神經(jīng)元凋亡及空間學(xué)習(xí)記憶障礙,但其具體機(jī)制尚未闡明[12]。因此,本研究擬根據(jù)課題組的前期研究工作和相關(guān)參考文獻(xiàn)[8-9],觀察側(cè)腦室注射HIV-1 gp120 V3環(huán)致小鼠神經(jīng)炎癥及學(xué)習(xí)記憶功能障礙,并在此基礎(chǔ)上探究HAND發(fā)病的分子機(jī)制。
小膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞激活、分泌IL-1β和TNF-α等炎癥細(xì)胞因子,作用于神經(jīng)元,使神經(jīng)元受損是HAND發(fā)生發(fā)展的主要病理生理過(guò)程;而自噬參與小膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞的激活。有研究報(bào)道,LPS處理小膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞24 h后,其自噬相關(guān)蛋白Beclin 1表達(dá)升高,表明在炎癥反應(yīng)下,小膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞中自噬調(diào)控的分子和通路被激活[13]。我們課題組前期研究結(jié)果顯示,加入自噬阻斷劑3-甲基腺嘌呤后,HIV-1 gp120致BV2小膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞炎癥因子MCP-1和IL-1的表達(dá)水平下降,提示一定程度阻斷自噬可減輕炎癥反應(yīng)[14]。另外,在LPS誘導(dǎo)的大鼠神經(jīng)炎癥中也檢測(cè)到自噬關(guān)鍵蛋白p62大量上調(diào)[15]。Li等[16]觀察到,冬凌草素可以通過(guò)下調(diào)p62蛋白的表達(dá),減輕LPS介導(dǎo)的星形膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞引起的神經(jīng)炎癥。Yao等[17]也報(bào)道了miR-124可通過(guò)抑制p62的表達(dá),減輕帕金森病中神經(jīng)炎癥的發(fā)展。以上研究結(jié)果顯示,自噬關(guān)鍵蛋白p62的上調(diào)在神經(jīng)炎癥中起著一定的促進(jìn)作用。但是到目前為止,p62蛋白與HAND的關(guān)系仍未見(jiàn)報(bào)道,而本研究中我們觀察到,側(cè)腦室注射HIV-1 gp120V3環(huán)的小鼠海馬和皮層中p62蛋白顯著上調(diào)。
p62不僅是一種自噬關(guān)鍵蛋白,還是一種多功能信號(hào)中樞。它可以參與mTORC1、炎癥和凋亡過(guò)程中NF-κB的激活。研究表明,NF-κB的活化促進(jìn)神經(jīng)炎癥,Cui等[18]報(bào)道了中草藥loganin通過(guò)調(diào)節(jié)TLR4/TRAF6/NF-κB軸減輕BV-2小膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞發(fā)生Aβ1-42誘導(dǎo)的炎癥反應(yīng)。另外,已有研究報(bào)道,p62可以選擇性地與腫瘤壞死因子受體相關(guān)因子6(TNF receptor-associated factor 6, TRAF6)相互作用,使NF-κB活化,形成p62-TRAF6復(fù)合體,導(dǎo)致NF-κB的激活[19]。值得注意的是,p62蛋白的上調(diào)激活NF-κB信號(hào)通路,NF-κB的活化也可以促進(jìn)基因的轉(zhuǎn)錄,從而形成一個(gè)正反饋環(huán),進(jìn)一步促進(jìn)了NF-κB通路的激活和炎癥細(xì)胞因子的釋放[20-21]。Zhong等[22]報(bào)道,在LPS刺激的巨噬細(xì)胞中檢測(cè)到呈NF-κB活化依賴性的p62基因轉(zhuǎn)錄的激活。但目前p62與NF-κB激活在HAND中的具體機(jī)制仍未見(jiàn)報(bào)道。因此,本研究以此為切入點(diǎn),探討p62-NF-κB調(diào)控HIV-1 gp120 V3環(huán)所致小鼠神經(jīng)炎癥的具體機(jī)制。
在本研究中我們觀察到,HIV-1 gp120 V3環(huán)致神經(jīng)認(rèn)知障礙小鼠的海馬和皮層內(nèi)p62蛋白表達(dá)顯著上調(diào),且NF-κB信號(hào)通路也顯著激活。因此,我們推測(cè)HIV-1 gp120 V3環(huán)可能通過(guò)上調(diào)p62蛋白使NF-κB激活,而活化的NF-κB會(huì)進(jìn)一步促進(jìn)基因的轉(zhuǎn)錄,從而形成一個(gè)正反饋環(huán),引發(fā)神經(jīng)炎癥損傷神經(jīng)元,導(dǎo)致小鼠學(xué)習(xí)記憶障礙。隨后我們使用了NF-κB活化阻滯劑進(jìn)行驗(yàn)證,觀察到與模型組相比,HIV-1 gp120 V3環(huán)+NF-κB活化阻滯劑組的小鼠學(xué)習(xí)記憶能力顯著改善,小膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞活化減輕和炎癥因子水平顯著下降。并且觀察到,NF-κB信號(hào)通路的激活顯著下調(diào),從而導(dǎo)致p62蛋白表達(dá)水平也顯著下調(diào)。以上結(jié)果顯示,NF-κB活化阻滯劑的使用可能阻斷了p62-NF-κB正反饋環(huán),從而導(dǎo)致p62顯著下降,減輕神經(jīng)炎癥,緩解HIV-1 gp120 V3環(huán)導(dǎo)致的小鼠學(xué)習(xí)記憶功能障礙。
綜上所述,HIV-1 gp120 V3環(huán)所致小鼠學(xué)習(xí)記憶功能障礙可能與通過(guò)激活p62/NF-κB信號(hào)通路引起神經(jīng)炎癥有關(guān);p62-NF-κB正反饋環(huán)的抑制可能會(huì)減輕神經(jīng)炎癥。本研究為HAND的防治提供了實(shí)驗(yàn)依據(jù)。
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Mechanism of p62/NF-κB pathway regulating HIV-1 gp120 V3 loop-induced neuroinflammation in mice
HE Han-yang1, YAN Xue-qin1, WEN Sai-xian1, GAN Li-meng1, WANG Lin-lin1, WANG Hui-li1, TANG Hai-jie1, PAN Rui2, FU Yong-mei1, DONG Jun1△
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To explore the role of autophagy key protein p62 in HIV-1 gp120 V3 loop-induced neuroinflammation in mice and its molecular mechanisms.Wild-type C57BL6 mice were randomly divided into 4 groups: blank group, sham group (artifical cerebrospinal fluid group), model group (gp120 V3 loop group) and gp120 V3 loop+NF-κB activation blocker BAY 11-7082 group, with 12 mice in each group. Learning and memory ability of the mice was detected by Morris water maze. The Iba-1 expression in the hippocampus and cortex was detected by immunofluorescence. The expression levels of inflammatory factors in the hippocampus and cortex were examined by ELISA. Protein expression levels in the hippocampus and cortex were examined by Western blot.The results of Morris water maze showed that compared with blank group, the escape latency of the mice in model group was significantly prolonged (<0.01), and the residence time in the target platform and the number of crossing the platform were significantly reduced (<0.05). Compared with model group, the escape latency of gp120 V3 loop+BAY 11-7082 group was significantly shortened, and the residence time in the target platform and the number of crossing the platform were significantly increased (<0.05). Immunofluorescence results showed that compared with blank group, the fluorescence intensity of Iba-1 in the hippocampus and cortex of the mice in model group was significantly up-regulated (<0.05), while that in gp120 V3 loop+BAY 11-7082 group was significantly down-regulated compared with model group (<0.05). ELISA results showed that compared with blank group, the levels of IL-1β, TNF-α and IL-6 in model group were significantly increased (<0.05), while those in gp120 V3 loop+BAY 11-7082 group were significantly lowered compared with model group (<0.01). Western blot showed that compared with blank group, the expression of p62 protein was significantly up-regulated (<0.01), and the NF-κB signaling pathway was activated in model group, indicated by the increases in the ratios of p-IκB/IκB and p-p65/p65 (<0.01). Compared with model group, the level of p62 protein was significantly down-regulated (<0.05), and the activation of the NF-κB signaling pathway was alleviated in gp120 V3 loop+BAY 11-7082 group, which was manifested as significant decreases in the ratio of p-IκB/IκB and p-p65/p65 (<0.01).HIV-1 gp120 V3 loop-induced learning and memory dysfunction in mice may be caused by neuroinflammation through activation of p62/NF-κB signaling pathway, and inhibition of the p62-NF-κB positive feedback loop may reduce neuroinflammation.
HIV-associated neurocognitive disorders; HIV-1 gp120 V3 loop; p62/NF-κB signaling pathway; Neuroinflammation
R363; R741
A
10.3969/j.issn.1000-4718.2022.06.003
1000-4718(2022)06-0978-08
2022-02-07
2022-05-24
國(guó)家自然科學(xué)基金資助項(xiàng)目(No. 81974185);廣東省自然科學(xué)基金資助項(xiàng)目(No. 2019A1515012024; No. 2022A1515010268); 高等學(xué)校學(xué)科創(chuàng)新引智計(jì)劃項(xiàng)目(No. B14036)
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(責(zé)任編輯:宋延君,李淑媛)