摘 要:近年的高考英語試題中融入了有關中華優(yōu)秀傳統(tǒng)文化的內容,宣傳介紹中國經(jīng)濟、社會和文化發(fā)展,這成為高考英語試題改革的重要方向。寫作教學是培養(yǎng)學生文化自信,落實立德樹人根本任務的有效途徑。本文對高三英語寫作教學中的典型案例進行分析,引領學生深度思考,堅定文化自信,樹立人類命運共同體意識,學會做人做事,成長為有文明素養(yǎng)和社會責任感的人。
關鍵詞:文化知識;寫作教學;案例分析
作者簡介:郝婷婷,甘肅省隴南市第一中學。
一、背景
《普通高中英語課程標準(2017年版2020年修訂)》將文化意識列為英語學科核心素養(yǎng)之一,并對文化意識進行了較為詳細的描述。新課標提出了培養(yǎng)和發(fā)展學生的學科核心素養(yǎng),豐富了英語課程的內涵,使英語課程從單一的語言技能訓練提升到培養(yǎng)“全面發(fā)展的人”的高度。文化意識體現(xiàn)了英語學科核心素養(yǎng)的價值導向,培養(yǎng)學生的文化意識有利于將立德樹人根本任務落到實處。因此,培養(yǎng)學生的文化自信是新時代賦予我們英語教師的一項重要的任務。
二、文化知識的內涵
文化知識包含中外文化知識,是學生在語言學習活動中理解文化內涵、比較文化異同、汲取文化精華、堅定文化自信的基礎。文化知識涵蓋物質和精神兩個方面。物質方面主要包括飲食、服飾、建筑、交通等,以及相關的發(fā)明與創(chuàng)造;精神方面主要包括哲學、科學、教育、歷史、文學、藝術,也包括價值觀念、道德修養(yǎng)、審美情趣、社會規(guī)約和風俗習慣等。學習中外優(yōu)秀文化,有助于學生在對不同文化的比較、鑒賞、批判和反思的過程中,拓寬國際視野,理解和包容不同文化,增強對中華優(yōu)秀傳統(tǒng)文化、革命文化和社會主義先進文化的認識,形成正確的價值觀和道德情感,成為有文明素養(yǎng)和社會責任感的人。
三、教學案例
首先,在日常教學活動中,根據(jù)日常訓練和考試要求,靈活增加文化知識的板塊,把教學內容與文化知識巧妙地結合在一起。教師發(fā)放有關中華優(yōu)秀傳統(tǒng)文化的學習材料,讓學生熟悉并能運用其中的核心內容。其次,每次周考、月考和統(tǒng)考后,將寫作任務進行歸類,幫助學生總結不同文化主題的特色,展示優(yōu)秀習作,讓學生在欣賞美文的同時積累相關的文化知識。學生也通過日常的寫作訓練鞏固了所學的中華文化的相關表述,能夠靈活使用不同語言表達相同含義,感悟語言和文化的密切關系,實現(xiàn)了文化的兼容并包,對于中華文化的認同感也在比較中進一步提升。
典型案例一:
書法是中國的一門獨特的藝術,是線條的藝術。中國書法就像太極拳,在茫茫虛空中,舞出了一條流動的線。中國書法充滿了活力和動感,表現(xiàn)了世界萬物的生機活趣。為了讓學生們用英語傳播中國的書法藝術,筆者發(fā)放了“Flying strokes of calligraphy”的閱讀材料,以下是部分內容:
Calligraphy is the art of lines, or strokes. In the Tang Dynasty(618-907), the master calligrapher Zhang Xu (birth and death dates unknown) became absorbed all day long in his world of running-cursive script, copying the master calligraphers from former dynasties, but making little progress. One day, on the streets of Chang'an, the capital city of the dynasty, he saw a crowd of people gathering to enjoy a performance by Lady Gongsun, a famous dancer of the time. She was performing a sword dance, her supple body and flying robe mixing with the movements of the sword up and down, and becoming perfectly integrated into the surroundings. Zhang Xu was enchanted, and it was through this performance that he discovered the genuine beauty of calligraphy and made rapid progress in his profession.
The evolution of Chinese calligraphy has benefited from two factors: one is the square-shaped pictographic characters,whose beautiful forms provided preliminary conditions for the art of calligraphy;and the other is the writing brush,an important invention in the history of Chinese culture and the basis for calligraphy to germinate and develop.The writing brush,made from either rabbit,sheep or wolf hair, feels soft, supple, and is elastic and highly ductile. It paved the way for the emergence of the art of calligraphy.
The“one-stroke character”was first advocated by Wang Xianzhi(344-386),son of the most famous calligrapher,Wang Xizhi (303-361) of the Eastern Jin Dynasty (317-420).Wang Xianzhi's Yatou Wan, a masterpiece surviving to this day,was thus written at one go,with a rhythmical line of vital energy only intermittently broken.When appreciating such an artistic work,viewers are always deeply impressed and inspired by its inner lines,without even being conscious of it.
Chinese calligraphy is set against the brushwork of the“ink pig.”The so-called ink pig refers to calligraphic work in heavy,dense ink,which fails to give play to vigorous brushwork,resulting in fat strokes and cumber some handwriting resembling a fat pig.This is exactly due to the lack of vigorous lines and internal energy.
2022年3月24日,高三年級舉行了第六次月考。月考試卷中出現(xiàn)了這樣一道作文題目:
假定你是李華,你的英國筆友Frank非常喜愛中國的書法。最近他給你寫信想了解中國書法的現(xiàn)狀,請你給他寫一封回信,要點如下:
分析書法的現(xiàn)狀;書法的重要性。
通過之前對書法的學習和了解,學生已經(jīng)學會了使用英語簡述中國的書法藝術,以書信的形式宣傳和弘揚中華優(yōu)秀傳統(tǒng)文化。因此,筆者所帶班級學生的英語作文都取得了比較理想的成績,高三(3)班的進步最為明顯。作文的全年級平均分是12.87分,高三(3)班的平均分是15.04分。本次月考高三(3)版的英語科目平均分79.33排名全年級文科第二,僅次于文科直播班的成績。考情分析見下圖:
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從以上數(shù)據(jù)可以看出,學生不僅學習并掌握了中華優(yōu)秀傳統(tǒng)文化及其內涵,對于中華文化的自豪感也進一步提升,文化自信進一步堅定。
典型案例二:
茶是中國人對世界的重要貢獻。四千多年前,中國人就有了飲茶的習慣。茶與我們的生活密切相關。飲茶,不僅是身體的需要,也是精神的需要。我們通過飲茶來感悟生命,凈化心靈。2018年高考英語北京卷設置了帶領外國友人體驗中國茶文化的寫作題目。于是筆者給學生印發(fā)了茶文化的相關資料。以下是材料的部分內容:
Just as many important events took place in cafes in the West, it is in the tea houses that many important things happened in China. Tea-houses have always been an important setting in the life of the Chinese people.
The most important feature is that of “paying respect.” The Chinese people have long fostered the custom of expressing respect by presenting a cup of tea.They treat guests with tea as a sign of respect,regardless of whether they are thirsty or not,and guests drinking the tea feel refreshed and energized.Educated people treat their guests arriving at night with tea instead of wine, a practice highly appreciated by the literati.In some places in China,there is the custom of presenting tea three times to the guests,as a sign of welcome,then of hospitality,and finally for good wishes.Presenting tea to guests demonstrates not only hospitality but also one's respect for the guests.
The Chinese people look to tea drinking as an art, which incorporates a wide range of knowledge; the taste of tea might be light, yet the meaning is rich and deep. The Chinese attach great importance to the water, tea leaves, tea set, and fire, when making and drinking tea.
Drinking tea is to satisfy the needs of the body as well as the mind. A cup of refreshing tea is able to naturally relieve a person of thirst while giving comfort and pleasure. According to traditional Chinese medicine, drinking tea can cure a variety of diseases, because the slightly bitter and astringent tea contains elements salutary for the body. This has been proven by modern medicine. Chinese people are fond of tea because it helps to satisfy their physical and more spiritual needs. The Chinese also use tea to express respect, to purify the mind, and to better perceive the meaning of life.
在練習成都七中“一診”考試題的時候,遇到了這樣的作文題目:
假定你是李華,你的美國朋友Jack發(fā)來郵件,想了解中國的茶文化常識?,F(xiàn)在,請你給他回郵件,內容包括:
中國茶文化簡介;
飲茶的好處;
邀請他來中國體驗茶文化。
注意:1. 詞數(shù)100左右;
2. 郵件的開頭和結尾已為你寫好,不計入總詞數(shù);
3. 可適當增加細節(jié),以使行文連貫。
Hi, Jack!
So glad to hear from you!
Yours,
Li Hua
通過之前對“茶圣”陸羽、《茶經(jīng)》以及茶文化的學習和了解,學生們學會了使用英語簡述我國的茶文化和飲茶的好處,寫作素養(yǎng)和技能也得到了整體提高。圖1展示了部分優(yōu)秀作文。
四、反思
工欲善其事,必先利其器。強化訓練不僅可以增強學生的解題能力,而且能提升學生的文化自信和民族自豪感。實踐證明,通過認真學習中華優(yōu)秀傳統(tǒng)文化,學生在寫作時有話可說,寫的內容有真情實感,抒發(fā)了自己對于國家與民族的自豪之情。教學中,我們倡導學生們在英語學習中樹立胸懷全局、無私分享、共同提高的高尚情懷。學生們篤志力行,形成了團隊學習的良性學習氛圍。筆者所教兩個班級在高考中均取得了不錯的成績,實現(xiàn)了文化浸潤、贏得高考的目標。但是,高中英語教學中采用的教材多強調對英語語言知識和英美國家文化的介紹,中國傳統(tǒng)文化主題內容涉及較少。因此,增強學生文化自信這一重要任務,需要英語教師不斷探究與實踐!
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