周麗
【摘要】目的:研究健康教育對(duì)原發(fā)性痛經(jīng)患者疼痛程度、持續(xù)時(shí)間、知曉程度及滿意度的影響。方法:選取2022年1月—2022年8月我院收治的原發(fā)性痛經(jīng)患者100例,分組方法是隨機(jī)數(shù)字表法,每組各50例。觀察組實(shí)施的護(hù)理措施是常規(guī)護(hù)理聯(lián)合健康教育,對(duì)照組單獨(dú)實(shí)施常規(guī)護(hù)理,對(duì)比兩組的疼痛程度改善情況、痛經(jīng)持續(xù)時(shí)間評(píng)分、疾病知識(shí)知曉率和患者滿意度。結(jié)果:(1)疼痛程度:觀察組護(hù)理后的疼痛程度評(píng)分低于對(duì)照組和護(hù)理前,有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);(2)痛經(jīng)持續(xù)時(shí)間評(píng)分:觀察組護(hù)理后的痛經(jīng)持續(xù)時(shí)間評(píng)分低于護(hù)理前和對(duì)照組,有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);(3)疾病知識(shí)知曉程度:觀察組的疾病知識(shí)知曉率高于對(duì)照組,有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05);(4)滿意度:觀察組患者在溝通方式、護(hù)理內(nèi)容和護(hù)理態(tài)度方面的滿意度評(píng)分均高于對(duì)照組,有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05)。結(jié)論:對(duì)原發(fā)性痛經(jīng)患者實(shí)施健康教育既有利于提高患者對(duì)疾病知識(shí)的知曉程度,又可以緩解其疼痛程度,縮短痛經(jīng)持續(xù)時(shí)間,同時(shí)也獲得了患者的認(rèn)可,可推廣。
【關(guān)鍵詞】健康教育;原發(fā)性痛經(jīng);護(hù)理效果
Effect of Health Education in theNursingofPatients with Primary Dysmenorrhea
ZHOU Li
Department of gynaecology and obstetrics, the Second Peoples Hospital of Mengla County, Xishuangbanna, Yunnan 666307, China
【Abstract】Objective: To investigate the effects of health education on pain,duration,awareness and satisfaction of patients with primary dysmenorrhea.Methods: The time of inclusion was from January 2022 to August 2022.The included patients were 100 patients with primary dysmenorrhea who received treatment in our hospital,and they were divided into groups by random number table method. There were 50 cases in each group.The nursing measures implemented by the observation group were routine nursing combined with health education,while the control group received routine nursing alone.The improvement in pain degree,duration of dysmenorrhea score,disease knowledge awareness rate,and patient satisfaction were compared between the two groups.Results:(1)Pain degree:The pain score of the observation group after nursing was lower than that of the control group and before nursing(P<0.05);(2)Duration score of dysmenorrhea:The duration score of dysmenorrhea in the observation group after nursing was lower than that before nursing and the control group,there was a significant difference(P<0.05);(3)Degree ofdiseaseknowledgeawareness:The awareness rate of disease knowledge in observation group was higher than that in the control group,and there was a significant difference in data comparison(P<0.05);(4)Satisfaction:The satisfaction scores of patients in the observation group were higher than those in the control group in terms of communication style,nursing content and nursing attitude,which was statistically significant(P<0.05).Conclusion:Health education for patients with primary dysmenorrhea can not only improve their knowledge of the disease,but also relieve their pain and shorten the duration of dysmenorrhea.At the same time,it is recognized by patients and can be popularized.
【Key Words】Health education; Primary dysmenorrhea; Nursing effect
原發(fā)性痛經(jīng)在臨床上有較高的發(fā)生率,數(shù)據(jù)調(diào)查顯示,原發(fā)性痛經(jīng)的臨床發(fā)病率為30%,在痛經(jīng)中的占比達(dá)到90%左右[1]。隨著臨床上對(duì)原發(fā)性痛經(jīng)研究的不斷深入,越來(lái)越多的學(xué)者和臨床工作者發(fā)現(xiàn)女性的精神狀態(tài)、心理因素、生活習(xí)慣和行為習(xí)慣等與原發(fā)性痛經(jīng)的發(fā)生有密切聯(lián)系,而一些女性尤其是青春期女性對(duì)于痛經(jīng)的重視程度偏低,行為方式也缺乏科學(xué)性,而改變不良生活習(xí)慣、建立健康的正確的行為能夠最大程度上緩解患者的疼痛感,提高其生活質(zhì)量[2]。健康教育在臨床上有重要意義,是向患者和家屬傳遞疾病知識(shí)的重要途徑,通過(guò)此種方式,患者能夠?qū)膊∫约凹膊≈委煹母嘀R(shí)有更加全面的了解,這更有利于改善患者的健康行為。本次研究共選取2022年1月—2022年8月在我院就診的原發(fā)性痛經(jīng)患者100例,對(duì)健康教育的應(yīng)用效果進(jìn)行深入探討,如下所示。
1.1 一般資料
納入2022年1月—2022年8月在我院接受治療的原發(fā)性痛經(jīng)患者共100例,用隨機(jī)數(shù)字表法分組。觀察組50例,年齡15~28歲,平均年齡(21.53±2.58)歲,病程1~8年,平均病程(4.61±0.38)年;對(duì)照組50例,年齡16~27歲,平均年齡(21.51±2.52)歲,病程1~8.5年,平均病程(4.68±0.40)年。兩組一般資料經(jīng)比較無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P>0.05),有可比性。納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):①研究中納入的所有患者均接受相關(guān)檢查,綜合臨床癥狀表現(xiàn),明確診斷為原發(fā)性痛經(jīng);②入組患者的基礎(chǔ)資料和相關(guān)診療信息完善且完整;③連續(xù)6個(gè)月出現(xiàn)痛經(jīng);④研究中納入的所有患者均對(duì)本次研究表示知情和同意,簽署知情同意書(shū)。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):①研究前段時(shí)間內(nèi)已經(jīng)使用過(guò)治療痛經(jīng)的藥物;②月經(jīng)周期不規(guī)律;③有精神障礙的患者;④合并生殖器官發(fā)育異常;⑤處于哺乳期的患者。
1.2 研究方法
1.2.1 對(duì)照組行常規(guī)護(hù)理,口頭上介紹痛經(jīng)的發(fā)生原因,指導(dǎo)患者遵醫(yī)囑用藥,介紹痛經(jīng)時(shí)如何緩解疼痛。
1.2.2 觀察組的護(hù)理方法建立在常規(guī)護(hù)理基礎(chǔ)上,為患者提供健康教育,在開(kāi)展健康教育之前,先在科室內(nèi)成立健康教育小組,小組成員是有豐富臨床護(hù)理經(jīng)驗(yàn)的護(hù)士。具體健康教育內(nèi)容如下:(1)飲食方面:指導(dǎo)患者在經(jīng)期要規(guī)范三餐飲食,保障飲食的合理性和營(yíng)養(yǎng)均衡性,多喝熱水,多食用清淡的容易消化的食物,忌食辛辣、生冷刺激性食物,不要喝咖啡或濃茶。(2)衛(wèi)生方面:指導(dǎo)患者要勤換衛(wèi)生紙或衛(wèi)生巾,且需要保持外陰干燥、清潔,經(jīng)期穿著寬松的內(nèi)褲,內(nèi)褲每日換洗1次,經(jīng)期結(jié)束后用溫開(kāi)水清洗外陰。(3)生活作息方面:保持作息規(guī)律,保持每日睡眠充足,避免熬夜。經(jīng)期可適當(dāng)鍛煉,增強(qiáng)抵抗力和免疫力。用溫?zé)崴菽_,以促進(jìn)血液循環(huán)。(4)心情方面:保持積極樂(lè)觀的心情,通過(guò)聽(tīng)音樂(lè)、看書(shū)、看電視等方式轉(zhuǎn)移對(duì)疼痛的注意力,多與家人和朋友溝通交流,緩解負(fù)性情緒,平穩(wěn)度過(guò)經(jīng)期。
1.3 觀察指標(biāo)
(1)疼痛程度:使用視覺(jué)模擬量表(VAS)[3]對(duì)疼痛程度予以評(píng)估,0分表示無(wú)疼痛,10分表示疼痛難忍,得分越高說(shuō)明疼痛越嚴(yán)重。(2)痛經(jīng)持續(xù)時(shí)間:評(píng)估痛經(jīng)持續(xù)時(shí)間,使用痛經(jīng)癥狀量表[4]作為評(píng)價(jià)工具。0分表示持續(xù)時(shí)間<4h,1分表示持續(xù)時(shí)間3~7h,2分表示持續(xù)時(shí)間7~24h,3分表示持續(xù)時(shí)間>24h。(3)疾病知識(shí)知曉程度:使用知曉度調(diào)查問(wèn)卷作為評(píng)價(jià)工具評(píng)估患者的知曉程度,問(wèn)卷的Cronbachs α系數(shù)為0.958,總體分半信度為0.938。問(wèn)卷中包括10個(gè)關(guān)于原發(fā)性痛經(jīng)、預(yù)防和治療的問(wèn)題,如果患者可以回答正確9~10個(gè)問(wèn)題,則為“完全知曉”;如果患者可回答正確5~8個(gè)問(wèn)題,則為“部分知曉”;如果患者僅可回答正確0~4個(gè)問(wèn)題,則為“不知曉”。將兩組的疾病知識(shí)知曉率進(jìn)行計(jì)算,計(jì)算方法是完全知曉率加部分知曉率,將兩組的計(jì)算結(jié)果進(jìn)行組間比較。(4)滿意度:運(yùn)用我院自制的滿意度問(wèn)卷評(píng)估患者對(duì)護(hù)理工作的滿意度情況,共評(píng)估三個(gè)維度,分別是護(hù)理內(nèi)容、護(hù)理態(tài)度和溝通方式。問(wèn)卷各維度的Cronbachs α系數(shù)分別是0.823、0.824、0.826,測(cè)得問(wèn)卷各維度的分半信度為0.818.0.821、0.827。各維度的評(píng)分范圍均是0~10分,所得分?jǐn)?shù)越接近于10分,提示患者越滿意。
1.4 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)處理
采用SPSS 25.0統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)軟件進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)分析。計(jì)數(shù)資料采用(%)表示,進(jìn)行x2檢驗(yàn),計(jì)量資料采用(x±s)表示,進(jìn)行t檢驗(yàn),P<0.05為差異具有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2.1 比較兩組疼痛程度
護(hù)理后,兩組疼痛評(píng)分較護(hù)理前均降低,觀察組護(hù)理后疼痛評(píng)分低于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),見(jiàn)表1。
2.2 比較兩組痛經(jīng)持續(xù)時(shí)間評(píng)分
護(hù)理后,兩組的痛經(jīng)持續(xù)時(shí)間評(píng)分較護(hù)理前均降低,觀察組護(hù)理后的痛經(jīng)持續(xù)時(shí)間評(píng)分低于對(duì)照組,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(P<0.05),見(jiàn)表2。
2.3 比較兩組疾病知識(shí)知曉程度
觀察組的疾病知識(shí)知曉率高于對(duì)照組(P<0.05),見(jiàn)表3。