趙芳園 鄒紅 時(shí)思毛 徐芳 左冬冬
摘要:目的 探討多囊卵巢綜合征(PCOS)患者血清血管生成素樣蛋白2、4(Angptl2、Angptl4)與卵巢間質(zhì)血流動(dòng)力學(xué)的關(guān)系。方法 選取123例PCOS患者(PCOS組)及41例健康志愿者(對(duì)照組),比較2組血清Angptl2、Angptl4水平及卵巢間質(zhì)收縮期最大血流速度(PSV)、搏動(dòng)指數(shù)(PI)、阻力指數(shù)(RI);分析Angptl2、Angptl4與PSV、PI、RI及PCOS的關(guān)系及兩者對(duì)PCOS的預(yù)測(cè)價(jià)值。結(jié)果 PCOS組左右側(cè)卵巢間質(zhì)PI、RI均低于對(duì)照組,PSV高于對(duì)照組(P<0.05)。Pearson分析顯示,PCOS患者血清Angptl2、Angptl4與左右側(cè)卵巢間質(zhì)PSV呈正相關(guān),與PI、RI呈負(fù)相關(guān)(P<0.01)。Logistic回歸結(jié)果顯示,高HOMA-IR(OR=1.921,95%CI:1.017~4.154)、高BMI(OR=1.459,95%CI:1.085~3.220)、高Angptl2(OR=2.625,95%CI:1.330~6.324)、高Angptl4(OR=3.543,95%CI:1.915~8.147)是影響PCOS發(fā)生的危險(xiǎn)因素(P<0.05)。受試者工作特征(ROC)曲線顯示,血清Angptl2、Angptl4單獨(dú)應(yīng)用時(shí),預(yù)測(cè)PCOS的AUC(95%CI)為0.747(0.661~0.821)、0.769(0.685~0.841),低于兩者聯(lián)合應(yīng)用的0.879(0.793~0.921,P<0.05)。結(jié)論 血清Angptl2、Angptl4在PCOS患者中異常升高,與卵巢間質(zhì)血流動(dòng)力學(xué)相關(guān),且兩者與PCOS發(fā)生密切相關(guān),可作為評(píng)估PCOS的參考指標(biāo)。
關(guān)鍵詞:多囊卵巢綜合征;卵巢間質(zhì);血流動(dòng)力學(xué);血管生成素樣蛋白2;血管生成素樣蛋白4
中圖分類號(hào):R711.75文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼:ADOI:10.11958/20222119
Changes of serum angiopoietin-like protein 2 and 4 levels and their relationship with ovarian interstitial hemodynamics in patients with PCOS
ZHAO Fangyuan ZOU Hong SHI Simao XU Fang ZUO Dongdong
1 Department of Ultrasound Medicine, 2 Department of Gynaecology, 3 Preventive Medicine Centre, the First Affiliated
Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China
Corresponding Author E-mail: 87312569@qq.com
Abstract: Objective To investigate changes of serum Angptl2 and Angptl4 levels in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and their relationship with ovarian interstitial hemodynamics. Methods A total of 123 PCOS patients (the PCOS group) and 41 healthy volunteers (the control group) were selected. The serum Angptl2 and Angptl4 levels, the peak systolic velocity (PSV), pulsation index (PI) and resistance index (RI) of ovarian interstitial were compared between the two groups. The relationship between Angptl2, Angptl4, PSV, PI, RI and PCOS and their predictive value to PCOS were analyzed. Results The PI and RI values of left and right ovarian interstitial were lower in the PCOS group than those in the control group, and PSV values were higher than those in the control group (P<0.05). Pearson analysis showed that serum Angptl2 and Angptl4 were positively correlated with PSV of left and right ovarian interstitial, and negatively correlated with PI and RI of left and right ovarian interstitial in patients with PCOS (P<0.01). Logistic regression results showed that high HOMA-IR (OR=1.921, 95%CI: 1.017-4.154), high BMI (OR=1.459, 95%CI: 1.085-3.220), high Angptl2 (OR=2.625, 95%CI: 1.330-6.324), high Angptl4 (OR=3.543, 95%CI: 1.915-8.147) levels were related factors affecting the occurrence of PCOS (P<0.05). Receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) showed that the AUC (95%CI) of predicted PCOS were 0.747 (0.661-0.821) and 0.769 (0.685-0.841) when serum Angptl2 and Angptl4 were used alone. It was lower than that of 0.879 (0.793-0.921, P<0.05) for the combined application. Conclusion The abnormal levels of serum Angptl2 and Angptl4 in PCOS patients are related to the hemodynamics of ovarian interstitial, and they are closely related to the occurrence of PCOS, which can be used as reference indexes for the evaluation of PCOS.
Key words: polycystic ovary syndrome; ovarian interstitial; hemodynamics; angiopoietin-like protein 2; angiopoietin-like protein 4
多囊卵巢綜合征(polycystic ovary syndrome,PCOS)是內(nèi)分泌系統(tǒng)常見(jiàn)病,在我國(guó)育齡期女性中發(fā)病率為7%~9%,且逐年升高,呈年輕化趨勢(shì)[1]。目前關(guān)于PCOS的診斷主要依據(jù)臨床癥狀、血清激素及超聲檢查。近年來(lái)研究顯示,彩色多普勒超聲血流顯像技術(shù)通過(guò)評(píng)估卵巢及子宮血流改變情況,有助于指導(dǎo)PCOS的診斷及治療[2-3]。有研究指出,PCOS患者存在卵巢血管增生及血流動(dòng)力學(xué)異常改變,認(rèn)為血管增生失常可能在PCOS發(fā)生及發(fā)展中起重要作用[4]。血管生成素樣蛋白(angiopoietin-like protein,Angptl)是一類與血管生成素(angiopoietin,Ang)結(jié)構(gòu)相似的分泌型糖蛋白,但功能上卻有明顯差別,在糖脂代謝異常、炎癥反應(yīng)及血管生成等過(guò)程中發(fā)揮重要調(diào)控作用[5]。Angptl2和Angptl4是Angptl家族的重要成員。Park等[6]研究發(fā)現(xiàn),超重及肥胖者血清Angptl2水平升高,且與動(dòng)脈僵硬度呈正相關(guān),在接受12周的飲食干預(yù)后,血清Angptl2水平明顯降低。另有研究發(fā)現(xiàn),在接受體外受精-胚胎移植治療的PCOS患者卵巢顆粒細(xì)胞中Angptl4高表達(dá)[7]。因此,Angptl2和Angptl4可能與脂代謝密切相關(guān),但其與PCOS患者卵巢間質(zhì)血流的關(guān)系尚未可知。本研究通過(guò)分析PCOS患者血清Angptl2和Angptl4的表達(dá)變化及與卵巢間質(zhì)血流動(dòng)力學(xué)參數(shù)的關(guān)系,為臨床PCOS早期防治提供參考。
1 對(duì)象與方法
1.1 研究對(duì)象 選取2020年5月—2022年5月黑龍江中醫(yī)藥大學(xué)附屬第一醫(yī)院收治的123例PCOS患者(PCOS組),年齡23~37歲,平均(31.30±3.44)歲。納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):(1)PCOS符合2003年鹿特丹共識(shí)[8](3條中符合任意2條),即長(zhǎng)期無(wú)排卵或稀發(fā)排卵;伴高雄激素血癥并排除其他病因;超聲提示卵泡≥12個(gè)、卵巢體積>10 mL。(2)近1個(gè)月內(nèi)未接受非甾體抗炎藥或影響胰島素水平的藥物者。排除標(biāo)準(zhǔn):(1)近期嚴(yán)重感染性疾病者。(2)伴其他婦科疾病,如卵巢良惡性腫瘤、子宮內(nèi)膜異位等。(3)伴其他內(nèi)分泌系統(tǒng)疾病,如甲狀腺疾病、代謝綜合征等。(4)合并惡性腫瘤者。(5)伴可引起排卵障礙的其他病因者。(6)存在心腦血管疾病、原發(fā)性高血壓等血管相關(guān)疾病者。(7)有精神病史者。另選取同期體檢中心41例健康志愿者(對(duì)照組),均為女性,年齡22~36歲,平均(31.12±3.16)歲。所有研究對(duì)象均簽訂知情同意書(shū)并獲得醫(yī)院倫理委員會(huì)批準(zhǔn)(批號(hào)HZYLLKY202201601)。
1.2 研究方法
1.2.1 陰道超聲檢查 月經(jīng)結(jié)束3~5 d后,采用彩色多普勒超聲診斷儀(GE Voluson E10型,探頭頻率5.0~8.0 MHz),先二維模式下整體掃查卵巢形態(tài),再切換血流顯像模式,記錄雙側(cè)卵巢間質(zhì)內(nèi)動(dòng)脈的收縮期最大血流速度(peak systolic velocity,PSV)、搏動(dòng)指數(shù)(pulsation index,PI)、阻力指數(shù)(resistance index,RI),測(cè)量3次取均值,均由同一名經(jīng)驗(yàn)豐富的超聲科醫(yī)師操作。
1.2.2 臨床資料收集及實(shí)驗(yàn)室指標(biāo)檢測(cè) 記錄年齡、體質(zhì)量指數(shù)(BMI),PCOS組及對(duì)照組均在月經(jīng)第3—5天上午采集空腹肘靜脈血5 mL,離心(3 000 r/min,半徑11.5 cm)10 min,取上清液并分成2份。一部分檢測(cè)血清激素:卵泡刺激素(follicle stimulating hormone,F(xiàn)SH)、黃體生成素(luteinizing hormone,LH)、雌二醇(estradiol,E2)、睪酮(testosterone,T)、泌乳素(prolactin,PRL)。空腹血糖(FPG)和血清激素均采用全自動(dòng)生化儀(日本東芝,型號(hào)FR2000)及其配套試劑盒檢測(cè),用電化學(xué)發(fā)光法檢測(cè)空腹胰島素(FINS),胰島素抵抗指數(shù)(HOMA-IR)=FPG×FINS/22.5;另一部分采用酶聯(lián)免疫吸附試驗(yàn)(ELISA)檢測(cè)血清Angptl2和Angptl4水平,Angptl2檢測(cè)試劑盒購(gòu)自無(wú)錫東林科技發(fā)展有限公司(貨號(hào)DL-ANGPTL2-Hu),Angptl4檢測(cè)試劑盒購(gòu)自美國(guó)Thermo Fisher公司(貨號(hào)EHANGPTL4),按照試劑盒說(shuō)明書(shū)于490 nm波長(zhǎng)處測(cè)量吸光度值,根據(jù)標(biāo)準(zhǔn)曲線計(jì)算Angptl2和Angptl4濃度。
1.3 統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法 采用SPSS 26.0進(jìn)行數(shù)據(jù)分析,計(jì)量資料以均數(shù)±標(biāo)準(zhǔn)差(x±s)表示,組間比較采用t檢驗(yàn);2樣本間的相關(guān)性用Pearson法分析;采用Logistic回歸分析PCOS影響因素,繪制受試者工作特征(ROC)曲線進(jìn)行預(yù)測(cè)價(jià)值分析。以雙側(cè)P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2 結(jié)果
2.1 2組基線資料及血清Angptl2、Angptl4水平比較 PCOS組BMI、LH、LH/FSH比值、T、HOMA-IR、Angptl2、Angptl4水平高于對(duì)照組(P<0.01),2組年齡、FSH、E2、PRL比較差異無(wú)統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義,見(jiàn)表1、2。
2.2 2組卵巢間質(zhì)血流動(dòng)力學(xué)參數(shù)比較 卵巢超聲檢查提示PCOS患者卵巢和卵泡體積較大,卵泡數(shù)量較多(圖1)。與對(duì)照組比較,PCOS組左右側(cè)卵巢間質(zhì)PI、RI值降低,PSV值升高(P<0.01),見(jiàn)表3。
2.3 PCOS患者血清Angptl2和Angptl4水平與卵巢間質(zhì)血流動(dòng)力學(xué)參數(shù)的關(guān)系 PCOS患者血清Angptl2和Angptl4與左右側(cè)卵巢間質(zhì)PSV呈正相關(guān)(P<0.01);血清Angptl2和Angptl4與左右側(cè)卵巢間質(zhì)PI、RI呈負(fù)相關(guān)(P<0.01)。見(jiàn)表4。
2.4 PCOS的影響因素分析 以年齡、BMI、血清LH/FSH、LH、T、HOMA-IR、Angptl2、Angptl4為自變量,以PCOS為因變量(有=1,無(wú)=0),進(jìn)行Logistic回歸分析,結(jié)果顯示,升高的HOMA-IR、BMI、Angptl2和Angptl4均是影響PCOS發(fā)生的危險(xiǎn)因素(P<0.05),見(jiàn)表5。
2.5 血清Angptl2、Angptl4水平對(duì)PCOS的預(yù)測(cè)價(jià)值 以PCOS組為陽(yáng)性、對(duì)照組為陰性,建立ROC診斷模型,聯(lián)合應(yīng)用按照LogP模式進(jìn)行擬合診斷,ROC分析結(jié)果顯示,血清Angptl2和Angptl4單獨(dú)應(yīng)用時(shí)AUC均低于Angptl2、Angptl4聯(lián)合應(yīng)用,差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義(Z分別為4.258、2.135,P<0.05)。見(jiàn)表6、圖2。
3 討論
PCOS是不孕癥的主要病因之一,給育齡期女性身心健康均造成嚴(yán)重影響[9]。關(guān)于PCOS發(fā)病機(jī)制尚無(wú)統(tǒng)一定論,多認(rèn)為與肥胖、內(nèi)分泌紊亂、胰島素抵抗(insulin resistance,IR)、炎癥反應(yīng)等有關(guān)。此外,血管生成失調(diào)與PCOS的關(guān)系也有諸多研究證實(shí)[10-11]。研究顯示,PCOS卵巢血供呈現(xiàn)周期性改變,但當(dāng)血供異常增加時(shí)會(huì)導(dǎo)致血管增生,引發(fā)卵巢囊腫、腫瘤等疾病,因卵巢血流灌注對(duì)卵泡發(fā)育成熟及排卵有重要影響[12]。監(jiān)測(cè)卵巢間質(zhì)血供異常改變?cè)谂R床中有一定難度,尋找與之密切相關(guān)的血清標(biāo)志物有重要臨床意義。宋小青等[13]研究發(fā)現(xiàn),PCOS患者血清AngⅡ高表達(dá),且與IR有關(guān),提示血管功能異常參與PCOS發(fā)生及發(fā)展。Angptl2、Angptl4與Ang結(jié)構(gòu)類似,但功能更豐富,不僅能調(diào)節(jié)血管內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞功能、參與血管內(nèi)皮修復(fù),還與糖脂代謝、炎癥反應(yīng)等有關(guān)[14-15]。因此,探討血清Angptl2、Angptl4水平改變與卵巢間質(zhì)血流動(dòng)力學(xué)改變的關(guān)系有助于監(jiān)測(cè)PCOS發(fā)生及病情發(fā)展。
本研究發(fā)現(xiàn),PCOS組左右側(cè)卵巢間質(zhì)PI、RI值均低于對(duì)照組,PSV值及Angptl2、Angptl4表達(dá)高于對(duì)照組,說(shuō)明PCOS患者血清Angptl2、Angptl4水平呈升高狀態(tài),卵巢間質(zhì)血流阻力降低。Angptl2、Angptl4是調(diào)節(jié)代謝與血管穩(wěn)態(tài)的多功能糖蛋白[16]。Zhou等[17]研究發(fā)現(xiàn),外泌體miR-211可靶向抑制Angptl2表達(dá),從而抑制肥胖母豬臍靜脈內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞增殖及血管生成。Li等[18]發(fā)現(xiàn),PCOS患者Angptl2、Angptl4升高可促進(jìn)卵巢組織血管生成,而機(jī)體為應(yīng)對(duì)過(guò)度的血管生成可能啟動(dòng)了代償機(jī)制,從而引起卵巢局部環(huán)境紊亂,最終導(dǎo)致卵巢組織病理?yè)p害。PCOS患者卵巢間質(zhì)血流波峰圓鈍,呈現(xiàn)“高速低阻”現(xiàn)象,提示PCOS卵巢血流異常豐富,這與陳奕男等[19]研究結(jié)果相似。本研究結(jié)果顯示,PCOS患者血清Angptl2、Angptl4與左右側(cè)卵巢間質(zhì)PSV呈正相關(guān),與左右側(cè)卵巢間質(zhì)PI、RI呈負(fù)相關(guān),提示PCOS患者血清Angptl2、Angptl4水平與卵巢間質(zhì)血流速度正相關(guān),與血流阻力負(fù)相關(guān)。分析其可能機(jī)制為,Angptl2、Angptl4能夠直接誘導(dǎo)卵巢間質(zhì)血管生成。此外,卵巢血供增加伴隨機(jī)體激素水平改變,為新生血管提供更適應(yīng)生長(zhǎng)的環(huán)境,進(jìn)一步加速異常血管增生,形成惡性循環(huán)[20-21]。
本研究結(jié)果顯示,高HOMA-IR、BMI、Angptl2和Angptl4均是影響PCOS發(fā)生的危險(xiǎn)因素。Angptl2在PCOS大鼠模型卵巢組織中高表達(dá),給予二甲雙胍干預(yù)后Angptl2及IR降低,推測(cè)Angptl2可能通過(guò)PI3K信號(hào)通路影響內(nèi)分泌環(huán)境而參與疾病發(fā)展[22]。Spitler等[23]研究發(fā)現(xiàn),Angptl4基因敲除小鼠在長(zhǎng)期高脂喂養(yǎng)期間葡萄糖耐量及三酰甘油攝取量均無(wú)明顯改變,證實(shí)Angptl4參與脂代謝及IR的調(diào)節(jié)。Schinzari等[24]指出,與非肥胖患者相比,不同肥胖亞型(代謝正常、代謝異常、2型糖尿?。┗颊哐h(huán)血中Angptl4均升高,血管反應(yīng)性降低,提示Angptl4與內(nèi)皮功能障礙有關(guān)。由此可推測(cè),Angptl2、Angptl4作為代謝調(diào)節(jié)因子,可能通過(guò)影響IR、卵巢間質(zhì)血管內(nèi)皮功能導(dǎo)致PCOS發(fā)生。ROC曲線分析發(fā)現(xiàn),血清Angptl2、Angptl4單獨(dú)應(yīng)用時(shí),均低于Angptl2、Angptl4聯(lián)合應(yīng)用的AUC,提示血清Angptl2、Angptl4水平與PCOS發(fā)生密切相關(guān),可作為PCOS發(fā)生的參考指標(biāo)。
綜上,血清Angptl2、Angptl4在PCOS患者中升高,與卵巢間質(zhì)血流速度正相關(guān),與血流阻力負(fù)相關(guān),且血清Angptl2、Angptl4水平可作為評(píng)估PCOS發(fā)生的參考指標(biāo)。本次開(kāi)展的是單中心小樣本研究,2項(xiàng)血清指標(biāo)進(jìn)行預(yù)測(cè)的最佳截?cái)嘀悼赡艽嬖谝欢ㄆ校诤罄m(xù)研究中應(yīng)該開(kāi)展多中心大樣本試驗(yàn),提高血清Angptl2、Angptl4對(duì)PCOS預(yù)測(cè)截?cái)嘀档臏?zhǔn)確性,為臨床提供可靠依據(jù)。
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(2022-12-27收稿 2023-03-14修回)
(本文編輯 胡小寧)