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帕金森病患者血清RANTES水平及外周血CD4+CD45RO+T淋巴細(xì)胞比例測定及意義

2014-03-21 03:59朱瑜齡牛平蘇岑
關(guān)鍵詞:膠質(zhì)活化外周血

朱瑜齡,牛平,蘇岑

(沈陽軍區(qū)總醫(yī)院神經(jīng)內(nèi)科,沈陽110016)

帕金森病患者血清RANTES水平及外周血CD4+CD45RO+T淋巴細(xì)胞比例測定及意義

朱瑜齡,牛平,蘇岑

(沈陽軍區(qū)總醫(yī)院神經(jīng)內(nèi)科,沈陽110016)

目的檢測帕金森?。≒D)患者血清RANTES水平及外周血CD4+CD45RO+T淋巴細(xì)胞比例,探討其變化原因、相關(guān)影響因素及其在PD免疫異常發(fā)病機制中的作用。方法采用生物素雙抗體夾心酶聯(lián)免疫吸附法對43例PD患者(PD組)、33例健康人(正常對照組)血清調(diào)節(jié)活化正常T細(xì)胞表達(dá)與分泌的趨化因子(RANTES)水平進(jìn)行檢測,同時采用流式細(xì)胞術(shù)檢測外周血CD4+CD45RO+T淋巴細(xì)胞比例。采用PD統(tǒng)一評分量表(UPDRSⅢ)對PD患者進(jìn)行病情評估。依據(jù)性別、年齡、病程、治療狀況對PD患者進(jìn)行分組比較。結(jié)果與對照組比較,PD組血清RANTES水平、外周血CD4+CD45RO+T淋巴細(xì)胞比例均明顯升高(P均<0.01),PD組血清RANTES水平與外周血CD4+CD45RO+T淋巴細(xì)胞比例呈正相關(guān)(r=0.53,P<0.01),與UPDRS評分亦呈正相關(guān)(r=0.74,P<0.001)。依據(jù)性別、年齡、病程、治療狀況對PD患者分組比較,各組間均無統(tǒng)計學(xué)差異(P均>0.05)。結(jié)論與正常對照比較,PD患者血清RANTES水平及外周血CD4+CD45RO+T淋巴細(xì)胞比例均明顯增高,2者顯著正相關(guān)。血清RANTES水平與PD患者UPDRS評分正相關(guān)。提示活化小膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞及CD4+T淋巴細(xì)胞介導(dǎo)的特異性免疫反應(yīng)在PD的發(fā)病、進(jìn)展過程中起重要作用。

帕金森??;調(diào)節(jié)活化正常T細(xì)胞表達(dá)與分泌因子的趨化;CD4+CD45RO+T淋巴細(xì)胞

近年來,研究者在帕金森?。≒arkinson’s disease,PD)動物模型及PD患者尸檢中已觀察到了黑質(zhì)內(nèi)存在T淋巴細(xì)胞浸潤的證據(jù)[1~3]。PD患者外周血中淋巴細(xì)胞亞群比例失調(diào)也屢見報道[4,5]?;罨男∧z質(zhì)細(xì)胞通過分泌一系列前炎性因子及趨化因子,一方面直接作用于外周T淋巴細(xì)胞,導(dǎo)致外周免疫失調(diào);另一方面誘導(dǎo)外周T淋巴細(xì)胞進(jìn)入中樞神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)(central nerve system,CNS),直接或通過激活小膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞間接造成多巴胺(dopamine,DA)能神經(jīng)元損傷。本研究通過檢測PD患者和正常健康者血清RANTES水平及外周血CD4+CD45RO+T淋巴細(xì)胞(效應(yīng)/記憶性T淋巴細(xì)胞)比例,探討其變化原因、相關(guān)影響因素及其在PD免疫異常發(fā)病機制中的作用。

1 材料與方法

1.1 研究對象及分組

選自2010年10月至2011年5月我院門診就診的原發(fā)性PD患者43例(PD組),診斷符合中華醫(yī)學(xué)會神經(jīng)病學(xué)分會制定的PD診斷標(biāo)準(zhǔn)[6]。男27例,女16例,年齡45~85歲,平均(64.25±10.23)歲,病程0.5~12年,平均(3.48±3.39)年。排除近期感染[近期發(fā)燒和(或)外周血白細(xì)胞計數(shù)超過正常]、腫瘤、免疫性疾病、長期慢性感染、2個月內(nèi)應(yīng)用抗生素、應(yīng)用非甾體類抗炎藥及免疫抑制劑者。病情評估采用PD統(tǒng)一評分量表第3部分(united Parkinson′s disease rate scale partⅢ,UPDRSⅢ)評分[7]。正常對照組33例,為同期健康體檢者,男18例,女15例,年齡45~76歲,平均(62.8±10.06)歲,2組性別及年齡匹配。PD組按年齡、性別、病程及不同治療情況再進(jìn)行分組。

1.2 方法

肘正中靜脈采血,分裝A、B兩管各2 mL。A管乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)抗凝,6 h內(nèi)完成流式細(xì)胞術(shù),檢測外周血CD4+CD45RO+T淋巴細(xì)胞比例(抗CD4-FITC單克隆抗體、抗CD45RO-PE單克隆抗體,美國Biolegend公司)。B管自然凝固,1 h內(nèi)離心,分離血清,分裝后保存于-80℃冰箱內(nèi)。采用生物素雙抗體夾心酶聯(lián)免疫吸附(enzyme-linked immunolsorbent assay,ELISA)定量測定血清調(diào)節(jié)活化正常T細(xì)胞表達(dá)與分泌的趨化因子(regulated upon activation of normal T cell expressed and secreted,RANTES)水平(RANTES試劑盒,上海活樂生物科技有限公司)。

1.3 統(tǒng)計學(xué)處理

采用SPSS 17.0統(tǒng)計軟件包對數(shù)據(jù)進(jìn)行統(tǒng)計學(xué)分析。計量資料采用表示,組間差異比較采用單因素方差分析(ANOVA)或t檢驗,計量資料兩組間相關(guān)性采用Pearson直線相關(guān)分析,P<0.05為差異具有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義。

2 結(jié)果

2.1 PD組和對照組血清RANTES水平、外周血CD4+CD45RO+T淋巴細(xì)胞比例比較

結(jié)果顯示,PD組、血清RANTES水平及CD4+CD45RO+T淋巴細(xì)胞比例明顯高于對照組,差異具有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.01),見表1。

表1 血清RANTES水平及外周血CD4+CD45RO+T淋巴細(xì)胞比例比較Tab.1 Results of RANTES levels and the percentage of CD4+CD45RO+T cells

表1 血清RANTES水平及外周血CD4+CD45RO+T淋巴細(xì)胞比例比較Tab.1 Results of RANTES levels and the percentage of CD4+CD45RO+T cells

1)P<0.01 compared with control group.

2.2 不同性別、年齡、病程及治療狀況PD患者血清RANTES水平、外周血CD4+CD45RO+T淋巴細(xì)胞比例比較

PD組按性別、年齡、病程、治療情況(未用藥、單藥、聯(lián)合用藥)進(jìn)行分組,比較血清RANTES水平、外周血CD4+CD45RO+T淋巴細(xì)胞比例,結(jié)果顯示,組間均無統(tǒng)計學(xué)差異(P均>0.05)。PD各組血清RANTES水平、外周血CD4+CD45RO+T淋巴細(xì)胞比例與對照組比較均增高,差異具有統(tǒng)計學(xué)意義(P<0.01),見表2。

2.3 PD患者血清RANTES水平與病情相關(guān)性

采用UPDRS評分對PD患者進(jìn)行病情評估,評分越高,病情越重。將PD組血清RANTES水平與UPDRS評分兩組數(shù)據(jù)繪制成散點圖,顯示二者呈同向變化,進(jìn)行Pearson直線相關(guān)分析,結(jié)果顯示:PD組血清RANTES水平與UPDRS評分呈正相關(guān)(r= 0.74,P<0.01,圖1),而CD4+CD45RO+T淋巴細(xì)胞比例與UPDRS評分無相關(guān)性(r=0.13,P>0.05)。

2.4 血清RANTES水平與外周血CD4+CD45RO+T淋巴細(xì)胞比例相關(guān)性分析

表2 不同年齡、性別、病程及治療狀況PD患者外周血RANTES水平、CD4+CD45RO+T淋巴細(xì)胞比例比較Tab.2 Results of PD group RANTES levels and the percentage of CD4+CD45RO+T cells in several subgroups according to the different gender,age,duration and treatment status

表2 不同年齡、性別、病程及治療狀況PD患者外周血RANTES水平、CD4+CD45RO+T淋巴細(xì)胞比例比較Tab.2 Results of PD group RANTES levels and the percentage of CD4+CD45RO+T cells in several subgroups according to the different gender,age,duration and treatment status

圖1 PD組血清RANTES水平與UPDRS評分相關(guān)分析結(jié)果Fig.1 Results of pearson correlations between RANTES levels and UPDRS III

PD組血清RANTES水平與外周血CD4+CD45RO+T細(xì)胞比例進(jìn)行Pearson相關(guān)性分析,結(jié)果表明:血清RANTES水平與外周血CD4+CD45RO+T淋巴細(xì)胞比例呈正相關(guān)(r=0.53,P<0.01),見圖2。

圖2 血清RANTES水平與外周血CD4+CD45RO+T淋巴細(xì)胞相關(guān)分析結(jié)果Fig.2 Results of pearson correlations between RANTES levels and the percentage of CD4+CD45RO+T cells

3 討論

RANTES為CC類趨化蛋白,其來源廣泛。外周單核巨噬細(xì)胞、NK細(xì)胞等多種細(xì)胞均可分泌RANTES,其對外周T淋巴細(xì)胞、單核巨噬細(xì)胞有強烈的趨化作用。活化的小膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞為腦內(nèi)RANTES分泌的主要來源,因此,腦內(nèi)RANTES水平在一定程度上反應(yīng)了CNS以小膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞為主的神經(jīng)炎性反應(yīng)的嚴(yán)重程度。近年研究表明血清RANTES水平和其他趨化因子水平升高不僅見于PD,也見于多發(fā)性硬化、阿爾茲海默病及腦缺血等神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)疾病[8,9]。這些趨化因子主要通過強大的招募淋巴細(xì)胞和單核巨噬細(xì)胞進(jìn)入CNS炎性反應(yīng)區(qū)域的作用,參與上述疾病的發(fā)病過程,這在一定程度上反映了神經(jīng)系統(tǒng)疾病共同的發(fā)病機制。本研究檢測了PD患者及正常對照組血清RANTES水平,結(jié)果表明PD組與對照組比較,血清RANTES水平顯著增高(P<0.01),這與Rentzos等[10]的研究結(jié)果相同。進(jìn)一步與PD患者臨床表現(xiàn)客觀測評(UPDRS評分)進(jìn)行相關(guān)性分析,結(jié)果表明PD患者血清RANTES水平與病情輕重程度呈正相關(guān)。其機制可能是由于PD患者神經(jīng)炎性反應(yīng)的持續(xù)進(jìn)展,血腦屏障破壞、通透性增加,腦內(nèi)RANTES透過受損的血腦屏障漏至外周,導(dǎo)致外周循環(huán)血中RANTES水平逐步增高,后者作用于外周T淋巴細(xì)胞、單核細(xì)胞等發(fā)揮生物學(xué)效應(yīng)。因此,PD患者外周血RANTES水平升高與腦內(nèi)小膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞活化有關(guān),間接反應(yīng)小膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞的活化程度。

本研究同時應(yīng)用流式細(xì)胞術(shù)檢測了PD患者及正常對照組外周血CD4+CD45RO+T淋巴細(xì)胞比例,結(jié)果表明PD組顯著高于正常對照組,提示PD患者外周血中存在著T淋巴細(xì)胞免疫異常。許多學(xué)者[11,12]已觀察到PD患者腦內(nèi)存在T淋巴細(xì)胞浸潤、黑質(zhì)DA能神經(jīng)元損傷以及外周血淋巴細(xì)胞數(shù)目及比例失調(diào)的證據(jù),但免疫異常的機制目前尚不明確。PD動物模型[13]研究也發(fā)現(xiàn),與存在嚴(yán)重免疫缺陷的小鼠比較,MPTP對免疫功能正常小鼠所致的DA能神經(jīng)元毒性作用更強,其機制認(rèn)為是免疫缺陷小鼠由于缺乏T淋巴細(xì)胞,能抵抗MPTP所造成的黑質(zhì)紋狀體DA能神經(jīng)元變性,提示T淋巴細(xì)胞在PD發(fā)病機制中可能發(fā)揮著重要作用。實驗研究[14]表明兩種不同免疫缺陷類型的小鼠由于缺乏成熟T淋巴細(xì)胞,使MPTP導(dǎo)致的DA能神經(jīng)元丟失減少。與體內(nèi)缺乏CD8+T淋巴細(xì)胞的小鼠比較,缺乏CD4+T淋巴細(xì)胞的小鼠,MPTP導(dǎo)致的DA能神經(jīng)元丟失顯著減少,即起到了相對的神經(jīng)保護(hù)作用。而缺乏CD8+T淋巴細(xì)胞的小鼠DA能神經(jīng)元丟失無顯著改變,說明CD4+T淋巴細(xì)胞對DA能神經(jīng)元有神經(jīng)毒性作用。本研究結(jié)果表明PD患者外周血CD4+CD45RO+T淋巴細(xì)胞比例顯著增加,并與PD患者血清RANTES水平呈正相關(guān),我們推測這可能與小膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞活化程度有關(guān)?;罨男∧z質(zhì)細(xì)胞通過分泌一系列前炎性因子促使外周T淋巴細(xì)胞向CD4+T淋巴細(xì)胞轉(zhuǎn)化。小膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞活化具有可塑性,分為經(jīng)典的M1型和選擇性激活的M2型活化小膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞[15]。Mount等[16,17]研究表明腦內(nèi)活化的小膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞與外周T淋巴細(xì)胞之間存在積極的相互作用。經(jīng)典的M1型增加分泌TNF-α、IL-1β等前炎性因子、RANTES等多種趨化因子,減少分泌神經(jīng)保護(hù)因子,并促使T淋巴細(xì)胞增殖分化為CD4+Th1細(xì)胞。選擇性激活的M2型活化小膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞則增加IGF-1等神經(jīng)保護(hù)因子釋放、減少前炎性因子釋放,有助炎性反應(yīng)的消散,并促使T淋巴細(xì)胞增殖分化為CD4+Th2細(xì)胞。進(jìn)入CNS的CD4+Th1細(xì)胞通過分泌IFN-γ,激活M1型小膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞,促進(jìn)DA能神經(jīng)元丟失;相反,CD4+Th2細(xì)胞通過分泌IL-10,激活M2型小膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞,對DA能神經(jīng)元起保護(hù)作用。Sawada等[18]研究表明,在MPTP新生小鼠模型中活化的小膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞對DA能神經(jīng)元有潛在的神經(jīng)營養(yǎng)作用,表現(xiàn)為酪氨酸羥化酶活性、DA和DOPAC水平及促炎性因子水平升高。而老年小鼠中其作用恰好相反,活化的小膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞對DA能神經(jīng)元表現(xiàn)為神經(jīng)毒性作用。PD為好發(fā)于中老年人的神經(jīng)變性疾病,隨年齡增加,發(fā)病率增加。PD早期黑質(zhì)區(qū)活化的小膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞可能主要以M1型為主,或M1型和M2型小膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞處于動態(tài)平衡狀態(tài),隨著疾病不斷進(jìn)展,M1型小膠質(zhì)細(xì)胞活化逐漸占據(jù)優(yōu)勢,后者通過分泌多種趨化因子,招募外周CD4+Th1淋巴細(xì)胞進(jìn)入CNS,加劇神經(jīng)炎性反應(yīng)。

本研究中我們對PD患者外周血CD4+CD45RO+T淋巴細(xì)胞比例與血清RANTES水平進(jìn)行相關(guān)性分析,結(jié)果表明二者呈正相關(guān)。RANTES可能通過CCR5依賴及IL-12依賴途徑,促使血液中T淋巴細(xì)胞向CD4+Th1細(xì)胞類型分化。進(jìn)一步將外周血CD4+CD45RO+T淋巴細(xì)胞比例與UPDRS評分進(jìn)行相關(guān)性分析,結(jié)果表明二者無相關(guān)性。RANTES對T淋巴細(xì)胞有雙重作用,即可使循環(huán)中的T淋巴細(xì)胞向CD4+Th1細(xì)胞類型分化,使其數(shù)目增加;又可與其表面CCR5受體結(jié)合,招募其進(jìn)入CNS,致其在外周循環(huán)中數(shù)目下降。相比于CD4+Th2細(xì)胞,CD4+Th1細(xì)胞表面表達(dá)更多的RANTES受體CCR5和CCR1,這可能會促使RANTES傾向于選擇性招募CD4+Th1細(xì)胞進(jìn)入CNS。本研究中,我們還將PD患者按不同性別、年齡、病程及治療狀況進(jìn)行分組,比較各組間血清RANTES水平及外周血CD4+CD45RO+T淋巴細(xì)胞比例,結(jié)果表明各組間均無統(tǒng)計學(xué)差異,提示其增高與性別、年齡、病程及治療狀況等因素?zé)o關(guān),為疾病進(jìn)展所致。

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(編輯武玉欣)

The Circulating Levelsof RANTES and CD4+CD45RO+TCellsin Parkinson’s Disease

ZHUYu-ling,NIUPing,SUCen
(DepartmentofNeurology,The GeneralHospitalofShenyang Military Region,Shenyang 110016,China)

ObjectiveTo detect the circulating concentrations of RANTES and the percentage of CD4+CD45RO+T cells in Parkinson’s disease,and to investigate the causes of those changes in PD as well as the influencing factors of them.MethodsThe serum RANTES levels of 43 PD patients and 33 healthy subjects with age and sex-matched were measured by enzyme-linked immunolsorbent assay(ELISA).And the percentage of circulating CD4+CD45RO+T cellswere detected by using two-colorflow cytometry.The united Parkinson’s disease rate scale partⅢscore(UPDRSⅢ)were evaluated in all studied PD patients.And all PD patients were divided into several subgroups according to the different gender,age,duration and treatmentstatus.ResultsThe mean serum RANTES levels and the percentage ofCD4+CD45RO+T cellsofPD group are significantly higher than the healthy subjects group(bothP<0.01),moreover,a strong and significant correlation between RANTES and UPDRSⅢscore was observed in patients with PD(r=0.74,P<0.00).The PD group were also divided into several different subgroups according to different the gender,age,duration and treatmentstatus,however,there is no significantdifferences in allsubgroups respectively(allP>0.05).There were positive correlations found between RANTES and the percentage of CD4+CD45RO+T cells observed in PD group(r=0.53,P<0.01).ConclusionThe PD group presented with significantly higher RANTES and the percentage of CD4+CD45RO+T cells levels.And the RANTES levels were strongly and significantly correlated with the PD clinical subjective evaluation.However,the gender,the age,the duration and the treatment status cannot interfere the circulating levels ofboth ofthem.In PD group,There were positive correlations between RANTES levelsand the percentage ofCD4+CD45RO+T cells.Our findings may suggest that activated microglia and the adaptive immunity responses induced by CD4+T lymphocytes may play an important role in the pathogenetic mechanisms ofPD.

Parkinson′s disease;regulated upon activation of normal T cell expressed and secreted;CD4+CD45RO+T cells

R472.5

A

0258-4646(2014)03-0217-05

遼寧省科技攻關(guān)課題(2010225003)

朱瑜齡(1986-),女,博士研究生.

牛平,E-mail:np0702@sina.com

2013-11-01

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