文/朱思新
摘 要:湖北高考英語試題中的完成句子題是考查學(xué)生英語書面表達(dá)能力的一種題型,這類題通過給一個(gè)提示詞,要求學(xué)生把句子補(bǔ)充完整,主要考查學(xué)生對(duì)詞匯用法、語法知識(shí)、句型結(jié)構(gòu)的運(yùn)用掌握情況。
關(guān)鍵詞:語法知識(shí);出題規(guī)律;注意問題
一、考查方向及規(guī)律
(一)時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)
1.【2010,78題】Last nights TV news said that by then the death of the missing people hadnt been proved yet.(prove)
2.【2012,77題】In response to the audiences great demand,the play will(would) be put on in the theat.(put)
從上述例子中可以看出,時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)往往同時(shí)考查,有時(shí)在考查從句和特殊句型的同時(shí),也考查時(shí)態(tài)和語態(tài)的運(yùn)用。再如,
3.【2010,74題】The news that house prices will fall has caused many people to sell their houses at lower prices.(fall)
4.【2013,73題】The chief engineer together with his colleagues has been looking for/has looked for new scientific methods of farming since five years ago.(look)
(二)非謂語動(dòng)詞考查非謂語動(dòng)詞及其變式,注意它們?cè)诰渥又械倪\(yùn)用,考查作狀語的情況較多。
5.【2010,72題】Painted/Having been painted red,the building stands out among the rest and looks very attractive.(Paint)
6.【2010,73題】Not knowing how to use /Being unable to use/Not being able to use a computer makes it more difficult for him to do his academic research.(use)
考查非謂語動(dòng)詞及其變式,注意它們?cè)诰渲凶髂撤N句子成分的作用,考查作狀語的較多。
7.【2011,74題】Holding the keys in his hand,he looked for them everywhere.(hold)
8.【2012,72題】Popularly regarded as one of the best American films ever made,The Godfather is a milestone of cinema.(regard)
(三)名詞性從句
考查名詞性從句,主要是考查連接詞及時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)的運(yùn)用。
9.【2011,76題】What delighted the fans/What made the fans delighted was that the young player performed extremely well in the table tennis tournament.(delight)
10.【2012,80題】Things arent always what they appear (to be) (appear).
(四)狀語從句
考查狀語從句主要是考查連詞的應(yīng)用以及從句的時(shí)態(tài)、語
態(tài)等。
11.【2010,80題】As we have stressed many times,“serve the people” is our first policy.(stress)
12.【2011,79題】Be careful!The machine starts the moment you press the button.(moment)
13.【2012,76題】However hard I (had) tried,I could not read his handwriting.(try)
(五)定語從句
主要考查連接詞、時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)和主謂一致的問題。
14.【2010,77題】My mother was so proud of all (that) I had done that she rewarded me with a trip to Beijing.(do)
15.【2013,77題】Through the course of my schooling, I met many teachers,two of whom influenced/have infuenced/having influ-enced me greatly.(influence)
通過上述歸類可以看出,完成句子題大多數(shù)是考查動(dòng)詞的運(yùn)用。因此,學(xué)生首先必須熟練掌握動(dòng)詞的時(shí)態(tài)、語態(tài)等問題;其次,對(duì)一些從句、特殊句式、固定結(jié)構(gòu)等也要熟練運(yùn)用。
二、需注意的問題
同時(shí),學(xué)生在日常學(xué)習(xí)中應(yīng)防止出現(xiàn)以下問題:
1.對(duì)句子結(jié)構(gòu)不夠熟悉,容易受英漢表達(dá)思維差異的影響,按照漢語習(xí)慣寫句子。
2.對(duì)慣用句型記憶不牢。學(xué)生要注意分析和掌握常用句型。
3.對(duì)復(fù)合賓語結(jié)構(gòu)不熟悉,特別是使役動(dòng)詞have,make等。此外還有感官動(dòng)詞see,watch,notice...+sb./sth.+do/doing的用法和區(qū)別問題。
4.對(duì)語態(tài)表達(dá)差異不清楚。英漢句子中有時(shí)“被”的意義不明顯,學(xué)生把主動(dòng)語態(tài)與被動(dòng)語態(tài)沒有區(qū)別開來,不知用何種語態(tài)。
參考文獻(xiàn):
陳振國.淺談2011年高考英語湖北卷“完成句子”題型.湖北招生考試,2011(28).
編輯 張珍珍
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