林曉悅 梁艷芳 康東平等
[摘要] 目的 探討p35和EBI3 mRNA在結直腸癌中的表達并分析其臨床意義。 方法 RT-PCR檢測30例結腸癌組織、30例癌旁組織和20例正常結腸組織中p35和EBI3 mRNA表達情況及與患者臨床病理特征的關系。 結果 結腸癌組織p35和EBI3 mRNA相對表達量均顯著高于癌旁組織和正常結腸組織(P均<0.05);癌組織中p35和EBI3 mRNA相對表達量均與組織Dukes分期、組織學分型和淋巴結轉移相關(P均<0.05),而與患者的性別和年齡無關(P均>0.05)。DukesC~D期p35和EBI3 mRNA相對表達量顯著高于DukesA~B期,低、未分化結腸癌組織p35和EBI3 mRNA相對表達量顯著高于高、中分化組織,淋巴結轉移患者癌組織p35和EBI3 mRNA相對表達量顯著高于未發(fā)生轉移患者癌組織。Pearson相關性分析顯示癌組織p35和EBI3 mRNA相對表達量呈顯著正相關。 結論 結腸癌患者癌組織p35和EBI3 mRNA高表達與臨床病理學特征相關。IL-35在結腸癌患者腫瘤微環(huán)境中可能具有重要作用。
[關鍵詞] 結腸癌;p35;EBI3;IL-35;RT-PCR
[中圖分類號] R735.35 [文獻標識碼] A [文章編號] 2095-0616(2014)13-24-04
[Abstract] Objective To study the expression of p35 and EBI3 mRNA in colorectal cancer and analysis its correlation with clinicopathological features. Methods The expression of p35 and EBI3 mRNA in 30 cases of colorectal cancer and their corresponding adjacent tissues, and 20 cases of normal tissues were detected by RT-PCR. And the relationships between the p35 and EBI3 gene mRNA expression and clinicopathological features, metastasis were analyzed. Results P35 and EBI3 mRNA were higher expression in colorectal cancer than cancer corresponding adjacent tissues and normal tissues, respectively. The expression of p35 and EBI3 mRNA were correlated with clinicopathological features, tissue types and lymph node metastasis, but not with age and gender. The expression of p35 and EBI3 mRNA in Dukes C and D stages were significantly higher than that in Dukes A and B stages respectively. The expression of p35 and EBI3 mRNA in lowly- and non-differentiated tumor tissues were significantly higher than those in highly- and moderately-differentiated tumor tissues, respectively. The expression of p35 and EBI3 mRNA in patients with lymph node metastasis were significantly higher than those in no lymph node metastasis patients, respectively. The expression of p35 mRNA has a positive correlation with the expression ofEBI3 mRNA in cancer tissue. Conclusion The expression of p35 and EBI3 mRNA is up-regulated in colorectal cancer tumor tissues and closely associated with clinicopathological features. IL-35 may play an important role in colon cancer tumor microenvironment.
[Key words] Colorectal cancer; P35; EBI3; IL-35; RT-PCR
結腸癌是一種常見的消化道惡性腫瘤,占胃腸道腫瘤的第3位。近年來,其發(fā)病率與病死率均呈上升的趨勢,其發(fā)病年齡主要在40~60歲。目前結腸癌的治療主要以手術治療為主,同時可輔助放射治療、化學治療、免疫治療、基因治療及中醫(yī)藥治療等。在這些輔助性治療中,尤為免疫治療備受青睞。因此尋找最佳的免疫治療方案和措施對結腸癌的輔助治療尤為重要。p35和EBI3是組成抗炎癥細胞因子IL-35的兩個亞基,具有獨特的生物學功能。IL-35是一種負向免疫調(diào)節(jié)因子,在抑制效應 T 細胞增殖,Th17 細胞分化和 IL-17的合成方面發(fā)揮重要作用[1-3]。目前有關p35和EBI3 mRNA在結腸癌發(fā)生、發(fā)展中的作用還未見報道,本研究旨在以結腸癌患者為研究對象,探討p35和EBI3 mRNA在結腸癌中的表達及意義。endprint
1 材料與方法
1.1 一般資料
收集2012年5月~2013年5月東莞市太平人民醫(yī)院肝腸外科手術切除的結腸癌組織及相對應癌旁(距離癌組織4cm以外)組織標本30例,其中男17例,女13例,年齡31~66歲,平均45.3歲。所有患者經(jīng)本院病理科確診后,依世界衛(wèi)生組織(WHO)分類法進行臨床病理特征分類。組織學分型:高分化癌8例、中分化癌6例、低分化癌8例、未分化癌8例。Dukes分期:A期8例、B期9例、C期11例、D期2例。所有患者均為新發(fā)病例在行手術前均未進行過放療或化療。此外,選取同期正常結腸組織20例,其中男11例,女9例,年齡30~62歲,平均年齡44.7歲,作為對照組。術后所有組織標本即刻剪成適量大小置于液氮中保存?zhèn)溆谩?/p>
1.2 主要試劑與儀器
Trizol試劑、RT-PCR試劑盒、DNA marker均為TaKaRa大連公司產(chǎn)品;人p35、EBI3和β-actin引物由上海生工公司合成;PCR儀和ChemiDox XRS凝膠成像系統(tǒng)購自于美國Bio-RAD公司。
1.3 實驗方法
1.3.1 RNA提取 將置于液氮中的組織標本迅速取出于組織研磨器中快速研碎后,加入1mL Trizol,反復抽吸吹打裂解細胞后,轉移至1.5mL 滅酶EP管中,室溫放置10min,加入200μL氯仿劇烈振蕩15s,室溫放置5min,4℃,12000rpm離心15min,吸上清至另一1.5mL滅酶EP管中;加入等體積異丙醇混勻,上下混勻30s,室溫放置10min,4℃,12000rpm離心10min,棄上清,用75%乙醇洗兩次,振蕩器震蕩30s,4℃,7500rpm離心5min;棄上清,真空干燥10min,沉淀溶于50μLDEPC水中,56℃水浴助溶10min。吸取5μL 提取的RNA,加95μL DEPC水稀釋后用紫外分光光度計檢測OD260及OD260/OD280值,OD260/OD280值在1.8~2.0之間,表示RNA純度高,RNA濃度按下式計算:濃度(μg/mL)=OD260×稀釋倍數(shù)×40,定量后,經(jīng)逆轉錄反應合成cDNA。
1.3.2 RT-PCR p35基因上游引物:5-CTTCAATCTAGGCGAGGCGA-3,下游引物:5-GGCGAGTTCCATTTCTCCAC-3擴增長度為138bp;EBI3基因上游引物:5- CGGGACACCTGTTGGAG-3,下游引物:5-ACAGTTCAGTCAGCCCTGC-3擴增長度為196bp;內(nèi)參β-actin基因上游引物:5-CTTTCAGAATCAGGGAACAAT-3,下游引物:5-CGTAGAGATGAGAGTTTCACACA-3擴增長度為135bp。以上述cDNA為模板,嚴格按照RT-PCR試劑盒操作說明書進行PCR反應。PCR反應條件:95℃預變性 1.5min;94℃變性20s,56℃退火40s,72℃延伸1min,循環(huán)35次,最后72℃延伸10min。產(chǎn)物經(jīng)2.5%瓊脂糖凝膠電泳后,凝膠成像系統(tǒng)進行拍照,采用Image J軟件分析p35,EBI3和β-actin 基因電泳條帶吸光度值,計算p35和EBI3 mRNA的相對表達量。
1.4 統(tǒng)計學分析
采用Graphpad prism5.0軟件進行統(tǒng)計學分析。計量資料采用()表示,組間比較采用t檢驗,相關性分析采用Pearson相關,以P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計學意義。
2 結果
2.1 p35和EBI3 mRNA在結腸組織中的表達
p35 mRNA在結腸癌、結腸癌癌旁組織和正常結腸組織中的相對表達量分別為(0.4932±0.03034)、(0.3616±0.01829)和(0.2516±0.02237)。p35 mRNA在結腸癌組織中的相對表達量顯著高于癌旁組織(t=3.725,P=0.0004)及正常結腸組織(t=5.825,P<0.0001),差異有統(tǒng)計學意義。EBI3 mRNA在結腸癌、結腸癌癌旁組織和正常結腸組織中的相對表達量分別為(0.4153±0.02102)、(0.3161±0.02208)和(0.2018±0.01733)。EBI3 mRNA在結腸癌組織中的相對表達量顯著高于癌旁組織(t=3.254,P=0.0019)及正常結腸組織(t=7.258,P<0.0001),差異有統(tǒng)計學意義。
2.2 p35和EBI3 mRNA表達與患者臨床病理特征的關系
結腸癌組織中p35和EBI3 mRNA相對表達量與患者的性別、年齡無關(P均>0.05),而與組織Dukes分期、組織學分型和淋巴結轉移相關(P均<0.05)。Dukes C~D期p35 mRNA相對表達量明顯高于DukesA~B期(t=3.330,P=0.0024),高、中分化癌組織p35 mRNA相對表達量明顯低于低、未分化組織(t=4.800,P<0.0001),淋巴結轉移患者p35 mRNA相對表達量顯著高于未轉移患者(t=6.667,P<0.0001)。見表1。
Dukes C~D期EBI3 mRNA相對表達量明顯高于DukesA~B期(t=3.479,P=0.0017),高、中分化癌組織EBI3 mRNA相對表達量明顯低于低、未分化組織(t=2.775,P=0.0097),淋巴結轉移患者EBI3 mRNA相對表達量顯著高于未轉移患者(t=2.800,P=0.0092)。
2.3 相關性分析
Pearson相關性分析顯示,癌組織p35和EBI3 mRNA相對表達量呈正相關(r=0.5308,P=0.0025)。
3 討論
IL-35是2007年由Collison等新發(fā)現(xiàn)的一種抗炎癥細胞因子,屬IL-12家族新成員,并同家族其他成員(IL-12、IL-23和IL-27)一樣為I型細胞因子[1]。IL-12家族成員由IgSF、CKR或Fn3結構域組成異源二聚體,每一個異源二聚體細胞因子均由一個單體4-折疊螺旋束樣細胞因子亞單位(p35、p19、p28、p35)和一個可溶型細胞因子受體樣亞單位(p40和EBI3)組成,具有獨特的生物學功能[1-2]。目前,對IL-35表達和功能的研究主要集中在Treg細胞,但基因表達譜分析顯示,IL-35具有更廣泛的組織分布[4]。最近Shen等還發(fā)現(xiàn)TLR4和CD40信號活化的B細胞也能分泌IL-35[5]。研究顯示胎盤滋養(yǎng)層細胞EBI3和p35基因均呈現(xiàn)高表達,且在人類足月正常胎盤滋養(yǎng)細胞中EBI3表達與p35表達密切相關[6]。EBI3也表達于霍奇金淋巴瘤細胞、髓性白血病細胞和肺癌細胞等[7-9]。EBI3+腫瘤細胞中可檢測到p35蛋白表達,但檢測不到p28蛋白表達,說明腫瘤細胞可能產(chǎn)生IL-35,而不是IL-27。在腫瘤微環(huán)境中普遍存在Foxp3+ Tregs或其他Tregs細胞,這些均是腫瘤微環(huán)境中IL-35的主要來源[10]。此外,腫瘤浸潤性DC細胞也表達EBI3蛋白[7]。IL-35可能在腫瘤微環(huán)境中發(fā)揮重要作用,特別是影響腫瘤特異性T細胞反應和腫瘤發(fā)生、發(fā)展[11]。近來研究報道,EBI3和P35均表達于人類的大B細胞淋巴瘤,鼻咽癌,黑色素瘤和淋巴結轉移性惡性黑色素瘤,以及各種腫瘤細胞株[12]。Treg源性IL-35可抑制抗腫瘤的T細胞反應,小片段RNA技術干擾肺癌細胞EBI3表達可抑制癌細胞增殖,EBI3穩(wěn)定表達可促進癌細胞生長[9]。另外,肺癌細胞中EBI3表達越高、患者預后越差[9]。最近Wang等[13]通過脂質(zhì)體轉染EBI3和p35共表達質(zhì)粒來研究腫瘤源性IL-35通過增強骨髓細胞的積累,腫瘤血管生成,抑制腫瘤免疫等方式促進腫瘤細生長。我們課題組前期通過免疫組織化學技術和激光共聚焦技術也發(fā)現(xiàn)EBI3和p35蛋白質(zhì)在結腸癌組織中高表達,且與腫瘤惡性程度呈正相關[14]。本研究通過RT-PCR檢測也發(fā)現(xiàn)癌組織EBI3和p35mRNA相對表達量明顯高于癌旁組織和正常組織,差異有統(tǒng)計學意義(P<0.05),且組織中EBI3和p35 mRNA相對表達量與患者的性別和年齡無關(P>0.05),而與組織Dukes分期、組織學分型和淋巴結轉移相關(P<0.05),Pearson相關性分析顯示,癌組織p35和EBI3 mRNA相對表達量呈正相關,這與我們免疫組化和激光共聚焦的結果類似,進一步證實IL-35在結腸癌患者腫瘤微環(huán)境中具有重要作用。本研究一方面為尋找結腸癌特異性診斷標志提供實驗基礎,另一方面為結腸癌免疫治療的細化研究提供參考價值。endprint
[參考文獻]
[1] Collison LW,Workman CJ,Kuo TT,et al. The inhibitory cytokine IL-35 contributes to regulatory T-cell function[J].Nature,2007,450(7169):566-569.
[2] Chaturvedi V,Collison LW,Guy CS,et al.Cutting edge:Human regulatory T cells require IL-35 to mediate suppression and infectious tolerance[J].J Immunol,2011,186(12):6661-6666.
[3] Bardel E,Larousserie F,Charlot-Rabiega P,et al. Human CD4+ CD25+ Foxp3+ regulatory T cells do not constitutively express IL-35[J].J Immunol,2008,181(10):6898-6905.
[4] Li X,Mai J,Virtue A,et al.IL-35 is a novel responsive anti-inflammatory cytokine--a new system of categorizing anti-inflammatory cytokines[J].PLoS One,2012,7(3):e33628.
[5] Shen P,Roch T,Lampropoulou V,et al.IL-35-producing B cells are critical regulators of immunity during autoimmune and infectious diseases[J].Nature,2014.doi:10.1038/nature12979.
[6] Devergne O,Coulomb-L'Herminé A,Capel F,et al. Expression of Epstein-Barr virus-induced gene 3, an interleukin-12 p40-related molecule, throughout human pregnancy: involvement of syncytiotrophoblasts and extravillous trophoblasts[J].Am J Pathol,2001,159(5): 1763-1776.
[7] Niedobitek G,P?zolt D,Teichmann M,et al.Frequent expression of the Epstein-Barr virus(EBV)-induced gene,EBI3,an IL-12 p40-related cytokine,in Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg cells[J].J Pathol,2002,198(3):310-316.
[8] Poleganov MA,Bachmann M,Pfeilschifter J,et al. Genome-wide analysis displays marked induction of EBI3/IL-27B in IL-18-activated AML-derived KG1 cells: critical role of two kappa B binding sites in the human EBI3 promotor[J].Mol Immunol,2008,45(10):2869-2880.
[9] Nishino R,Takano A,Oshita H,et al. Identification of Epstein-Barr virus-induced gene 3 as a novel serum and tissue biomarker and a therapeutic target for lung cancer[J].Clin Cancer Res,2011,17(19):6272-6286.
[10] Larousserie F,Bardel E,Pflanz S,et al. Analysis of interleukin-27 (EBI3/p28) expression in Epstein-Barr virus- and human T-cell leukemia virus type 1-associated lymphomas: heterogeneous expression of EBI3 subunit by tumoral cells[J].Am J Pathol,2005,166(4):1217-1228.
[11] Collison LW,Chaturvedi V,Henderson AL,et al.IL-35-mediated induction of a potent regulatory T cell population[J].Nat Immunol,2010,11(12):1093-1101.
[12] Long J,Zhang X,Wen M,et al.IL-35 over-expression increases apoptosis sensitivity and suppresses cell growth in human cancer cells[J].Biochem Biophys Res Commun,2013,430(1):364-369.
[13] Wang Z,Liu JQ,Liu Z. Tumor-derived IL-35 promotes tumor growth by enhancing myeloid cell accumulation and angiogenesis[J].J Immunol,2013,190(5):2415-2423.
[14] Zeng JC,Zhang Z,Li TY,et al.Assessing the role of IL-35 in colorectal cancer progression and prognosis[J]. Int J Clin Exp Pathol,2013,6(9):1806-1816.
(收稿日期:2014-04-21)endprint
[參考文獻]
[1] Collison LW,Workman CJ,Kuo TT,et al. The inhibitory cytokine IL-35 contributes to regulatory T-cell function[J].Nature,2007,450(7169):566-569.
[2] Chaturvedi V,Collison LW,Guy CS,et al.Cutting edge:Human regulatory T cells require IL-35 to mediate suppression and infectious tolerance[J].J Immunol,2011,186(12):6661-6666.
[3] Bardel E,Larousserie F,Charlot-Rabiega P,et al. Human CD4+ CD25+ Foxp3+ regulatory T cells do not constitutively express IL-35[J].J Immunol,2008,181(10):6898-6905.
[4] Li X,Mai J,Virtue A,et al.IL-35 is a novel responsive anti-inflammatory cytokine--a new system of categorizing anti-inflammatory cytokines[J].PLoS One,2012,7(3):e33628.
[5] Shen P,Roch T,Lampropoulou V,et al.IL-35-producing B cells are critical regulators of immunity during autoimmune and infectious diseases[J].Nature,2014.doi:10.1038/nature12979.
[6] Devergne O,Coulomb-L'Herminé A,Capel F,et al. Expression of Epstein-Barr virus-induced gene 3, an interleukin-12 p40-related molecule, throughout human pregnancy: involvement of syncytiotrophoblasts and extravillous trophoblasts[J].Am J Pathol,2001,159(5): 1763-1776.
[7] Niedobitek G,P?zolt D,Teichmann M,et al.Frequent expression of the Epstein-Barr virus(EBV)-induced gene,EBI3,an IL-12 p40-related cytokine,in Hodgkin and Reed-Sternberg cells[J].J Pathol,2002,198(3):310-316.
[8] Poleganov MA,Bachmann M,Pfeilschifter J,et al. Genome-wide analysis displays marked induction of EBI3/IL-27B in IL-18-activated AML-derived KG1 cells: critical role of two kappa B binding sites in the human EBI3 promotor[J].Mol Immunol,2008,45(10):2869-2880.
[9] Nishino R,Takano A,Oshita H,et al. Identification of Epstein-Barr virus-induced gene 3 as a novel serum and tissue biomarker and a therapeutic target for lung cancer[J].Clin Cancer Res,2011,17(19):6272-6286.
[10] Larousserie F,Bardel E,Pflanz S,et al. Analysis of interleukin-27 (EBI3/p28) expression in Epstein-Barr virus- and human T-cell leukemia virus type 1-associated lymphomas: heterogeneous expression of EBI3 subunit by tumoral cells[J].Am J Pathol,2005,166(4):1217-1228.
[11] Collison LW,Chaturvedi V,Henderson AL,et al.IL-35-mediated induction of a potent regulatory T cell population[J].Nat Immunol,2010,11(12):1093-1101.
[12] Long J,Zhang X,Wen M,et al.IL-35 over-expression increases apoptosis sensitivity and suppresses cell growth in human cancer cells[J].Biochem Biophys Res Commun,2013,430(1):364-369.
[13] Wang Z,Liu JQ,Liu Z. Tumor-derived IL-35 promotes tumor growth by enhancing myeloid cell accumulation and angiogenesis[J].J Immunol,2013,190(5):2415-2423.
[14] Zeng JC,Zhang Z,Li TY,et al.Assessing the role of IL-35 in colorectal cancer progression and prognosis[J]. Int J Clin Exp Pathol,2013,6(9):1806-1816.
(收稿日期:2014-04-21)endprint
[參考文獻]
[1] Collison LW,Workman CJ,Kuo TT,et al. The inhibitory cytokine IL-35 contributes to regulatory T-cell function[J].Nature,2007,450(7169):566-569.
[2] Chaturvedi V,Collison LW,Guy CS,et al.Cutting edge:Human regulatory T cells require IL-35 to mediate suppression and infectious tolerance[J].J Immunol,2011,186(12):6661-6666.
[3] Bardel E,Larousserie F,Charlot-Rabiega P,et al. Human CD4+ CD25+ Foxp3+ regulatory T cells do not constitutively express IL-35[J].J Immunol,2008,181(10):6898-6905.
[4] Li X,Mai J,Virtue A,et al.IL-35 is a novel responsive anti-inflammatory cytokine--a new system of categorizing anti-inflammatory cytokines[J].PLoS One,2012,7(3):e33628.
[5] Shen P,Roch T,Lampropoulou V,et al.IL-35-producing B cells are critical regulators of immunity during autoimmune and infectious diseases[J].Nature,2014.doi:10.1038/nature12979.
[6] Devergne O,Coulomb-L'Herminé A,Capel F,et al. Expression of Epstein-Barr virus-induced gene 3, an interleukin-12 p40-related molecule, throughout human pregnancy: involvement of syncytiotrophoblasts and extravillous trophoblasts[J].Am J Pathol,2001,159(5): 1763-1776.
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(收稿日期:2014-04-21)endprint