馬硯敏 趙鳳蓮 支君 宋慧敏453000河南省新鄉(xiāng)市第一人民醫(yī)院輸血科
3種交叉配血方法的比較
馬硯敏 趙鳳蓮 支君 宋慧敏
453000河南省新鄉(xiāng)市第一人民醫(yī)院輸血科
目的:3種交叉配血方法的試驗(yàn)效果比較。方法:鹽水介質(zhì)配血法、凝聚胺配血法、微柱凝膠卡式配血法。結(jié)果:供-受血者使用ABO血型和Rh(D)血型同型配血。鹽水介質(zhì)配血法均陰性;凝聚胺配血法主側(cè)陽性4例(原因:受血者不規(guī)則抗體篩查陽性),次側(cè)陽性5例(原因:受血者直接抗人球蛋白實(shí)驗(yàn)陽性4例,供血者不規(guī)則抗體篩查陽性1例);微柱凝膠卡式配血法主側(cè)陽性22例(原因:受血者不規(guī)則抗體篩查陽性4例,與凝聚胺法相符,假陽性18 例),次側(cè)陽性50例(原因:受血者直接抗人球蛋白實(shí)驗(yàn)陽性44例,供血者不規(guī)則抗體篩查陽性2例,假陽性4例)。結(jié)論:3種交叉配血方法各有其優(yōu)缺點(diǎn),工作中采用不同方法做交叉配血試驗(yàn),可以提高試驗(yàn)結(jié)果的準(zhǔn)確性,確保臨床輸血的安全。
鹽水介質(zhì)配血法;凝聚胺配血法;微柱凝膠卡式配血法;交叉配血
交叉配血試驗(yàn)是確保臨床輸血安全的重要手段之一。近期我們對這3種交叉配血法的試驗(yàn)效果做了對比,現(xiàn)報(bào)告如下。
近1年來在我院輸血的4 022例患者的乙二胺四乙酸(EDTA)抗凝全血標(biāo)本,供血者標(biāo)本由新鄉(xiāng)市中心血站提供。
方法:①試劑:ABO、RhD血型定型檢測卡,凝聚胺試劑盒,抗人球蛋白檢測卡試劑盒。②儀器:FYQ型免疫微柱孵育器,TD-3A型血型血清學(xué)用離心機(jī),LC-10C低速離心機(jī)。③試驗(yàn)方法:鹽水介質(zhì)配血法、凝聚胺配血法、微柱凝膠卡式配血法,嚴(yán)格按照試劑說明書及操作規(guī)程進(jìn)行操作[1]。所有供-受血者的標(biāo)本都做不規(guī)則抗體篩查,次側(cè)陽性的標(biāo)本做直接抗人球蛋白實(shí)驗(yàn)。
供-受血者使用ABO血型和Rh(D)血型同型配血:鹽水介質(zhì)配血法均陰性;凝聚胺配血法主側(cè)陽性4例(原因:受血者不規(guī)則抗體篩查陽性),次側(cè)陽性5例(原因:受血者直接抗人球蛋白實(shí)驗(yàn)陽性4例,供血者不規(guī)則抗體篩查陽性1例);微柱凝膠卡式配血法主側(cè)陽性22例(原因:受血者不規(guī)則抗體篩查陽性4例,與凝聚胺法相符,假陽性18例),次側(cè)陽性50例(原因:受血者直接抗人球蛋白實(shí)驗(yàn)陽性44例[2],供血者不規(guī)則抗體篩查陽性2例,假陽性4例)。對于假陽性結(jié)果的標(biāo)本通過重新采標(biāo)本,徹底離心,嚴(yán)格規(guī)范操作并再次配血復(fù)檢[3],結(jié)果均陰性,見表1。
通過3種配血法所做結(jié)果表明:鹽水介質(zhì)配血法雖然簡單又快捷,但是只能檢出不配合的完全抗體,不能檢出不配合的不完全抗體;凝聚胺配血法和微柱凝膠卡式法大部分結(jié)果是相同的,區(qū)別在于兩方面:①微柱凝膠卡式法出現(xiàn)了一部分假凝集;②微柱凝膠卡式交叉配血法對于直接抗人球蛋白實(shí)驗(yàn)陽性的患者次側(cè)出現(xiàn)凝集。凝聚胺法是通過中和紅細(xì)胞表面的負(fù)電荷,縮短紅細(xì)胞之間的距離,引起紅細(xì)胞的非特異性凝聚,當(dāng)加入重懸液后,如果有與紅細(xì)胞抗原相應(yīng)的抗體,凝聚不消失,如果沒有與紅細(xì)胞抗原相應(yīng)的抗體,則凝聚消失。凝聚胺配血法簡便快速,試劑便宜,假陽性少,適用于急診配血,但會(huì)漏檢一部分抗體效價(jià)較弱的不完全抗體,某些藥物可影響配血結(jié)果[4];微柱凝膠卡式配血法是利用了微柱凝膠過篩及抗人球蛋白實(shí)驗(yàn)原理。在微柱凝膠介質(zhì)中,紅細(xì)胞抗原與不完全抗體,在抗人球蛋白的橋梁作用下,經(jīng)一定的離心力,產(chǎn)生特異性免疫復(fù)合物;或紅細(xì)胞抗原與完全抗體直接產(chǎn)生的特異性免疫復(fù)合物,被排阻在具有三維空間網(wǎng)狀結(jié)構(gòu)凝膠表層或凝膠顆粒間隙中,即陽性:如標(biāo)本中無相應(yīng)的抗原抗體,紅細(xì)胞全部沉積于凝膠孔腔底部,即陰性。微柱凝膠卡式配血法可檢出血清中的不完全抗體和相應(yīng)紅細(xì)胞抗原,靈敏度高[5],但其費(fèi)用高,時(shí)間較長,不適用于特急的急診配血,而且標(biāo)本處理不當(dāng)會(huì)出現(xiàn)假陽性結(jié)果。因此在日常工作中應(yīng)采用多種交叉配血方法同時(shí)配血,以提高交叉配血結(jié)果的準(zhǔn)確性,確保臨床輸血的安全。
Comparison of 3 kinds of cross matching method
Ma Yanmin,Zhao Fenglian,Zhi Jun,Song Huimin
Department of Blood Transfusion,the First People's Hospital of Xinxiang City,Henan Province 453000
Objective:To compare the experiment effects of 3 kinds of cross matching method.Methods:Saline medium matching method,polybrene matching method,microcolumn gel cassette matching method.Results:The donor recipient used ABO blood type and Rh(D)blood type with same type matching.The saline medium matching method were all negative.4 cases of primary side were positive in polybrene matching method(cause:the irregular antibody screening of blood recipients were positive);5 cases of secondary side were positive(cause:the direct anti globulin experiment of blood recipients were positive in 4 cases;the irregular antibody screening of blood donors were positive in 1 case).22 cases of primary side were positive in microcolumn gel cassette matching method(cause:the irregular antibody screening of blood recipients were positive in 4 cases,consistented with polybrene method,18 cases were false positive);50 cases of secondary side were positive(cause:the direct anti globulin experiment of blood recipients were positive in 44 cases,the irregular antibody screening of blood donors were positive in 2 cases,4 cases were false positive).Conclusion:3 kinds of cross matching method each have its advantages and disadvantages,using different methods make cross matching test in work can improve the accuracy of test results,and ensure the safety of clinical blood transfusion.
Saline medium matching method;Polybrene matching method;Microcolumn gel cassette matching method;Cross matching
10.3969/j.issn.1007-614x.2015.8.56