孫俊華 袁義強(qiáng) 趙育潔 于力 王瑞敏 孫運(yùn)
持續(xù)房顫射頻消融128例臨床觀察
孫俊華 袁義強(qiáng) 趙育潔 于力 王瑞敏 孫運(yùn)
【摘要】目的 探討持續(xù)房顫射頻消融治療臨床效果。方法 本次選取128例持續(xù)房顫患者,均為我院2012年5月~2014年2月收治,采用射頻消融治療。結(jié)果 相較術(shù)前,患者術(shù)后均覺心悸癥狀持續(xù)時(shí)間及發(fā)作次數(shù)明顯改善。術(shù)后1 d有陣發(fā)性房顫發(fā)作5例,行1年隨訪,房顫持續(xù)明顯減少,經(jīng)二次射頻消融治療治愈。術(shù)后有頻發(fā)房速15例,口服抗心律失常藥,隨訪2個(gè)月,房早(155±71)個(gè),12個(gè)月時(shí)為(54±16)個(gè),自覺癥狀明顯改善。手術(shù)中有心包填塞出現(xiàn)1例,采用外科手術(shù)治療,達(dá)治愈效果。結(jié)論 針對持續(xù)性房顫,在CARTO三維立體電標(biāo)測指導(dǎo)下,實(shí)施環(huán)肺靜脈消融治療,可獲得理想預(yù)后,為治愈提供有力的保障。
【關(guān)鍵詞】持續(xù)房顫;射頻消融;臨床觀察
作者單位: 450017 河南省鄭州市心血管病醫(yī)院心內(nèi)科
Clinical Observation of 128 Cases of Sustained Atrial Fibrillation Radiofrequency Ablation
SUN Junhua YUAN Yiqiang ZHAO Yujie YU Li WANG Ruimin SUN Yun, Cardiology Cardiovascular Hospital of Zhengzhou City, Zhengzhou 450017, China
[Abstract]Objective To explore the clinical therapeutic effect of persistent atrial fibrillation radiofrequency ablation. Methods 128 cases of persistent atrial fibrillation patients were selected, who were admitted in our hospital from May 2012 to February 2014, were treated with radiofrequency ablation. Results In comparison with pre-operation, all the patients felt that the palpitation duration and the onset frequency were obviously improved. There were 5 cases with onset of paroxysmal atrial fibrillation one day after operation, the duration of atrial fibrillation was significantly reduced after one year follow-up visit, and the atrial fibrillation was cured by second radiofrequency ablation. There were 15 cases of frequent postoperative atrial tachycardia, they were treated with oral Antiarrhythmic agent, there were (155±71) cases of atrial premature beat after 2 months follow-up visit, and (54±16) cases of atrial premature beat after 12 months follow-up visit, the patients felt that the symptoms improved significantly. There was one case with pericardial tamponade during the Surgery, and it was treated with surgical treatment, the curative effect was achieved. Conclusion Under three-dimensional electric CARTO mapping guidance, the implementation of circumferential pulmonary vein ablation for persistent atrial fibrillation patients can achieve ideal prognosis and can also provide strengthful security for the cure of the disease.
[Key words]Persistent atrial fibrillation, Radiofrequency ablation, Clinical observation
心房顫動(dòng)(房顫)采用經(jīng)導(dǎo)管射頻消融(RFCA)治療近年已趨成熟,相較常規(guī)用藥,效果顯著,且縮短了治療時(shí)間,避免了長期用藥引發(fā)的并發(fā)癥和副作用,有廣闊的應(yīng)用前景。本次研究選取持續(xù)房顫病例,采用射頻消融治療,現(xiàn)總結(jié)如下。
1.1 一般資料
選取持續(xù)房顫128例,男80例,女48例,年齡45~79歲,平均(60.2±6.3)歲,房顫病史平均(3.4±1.9)年。排除半年內(nèi)有腦卒中病史及瓣膜性疾病者,術(shù)前均經(jīng)食道超聲證實(shí),無附壁血栓在左房內(nèi)發(fā)生,在消融前,取華法林應(yīng)用3~4周,手術(shù)前4 d,調(diào)整為皮下注射低分子肝素。
1.2 方法
局部麻醉,將10級(jí)電極導(dǎo)管經(jīng)左鎖骨下靜脈成功穿刺后,送入冠狀靜脈竇內(nèi),房間隔經(jīng)右股靜脈穿刺,取多功能長鞘管在左心房放置,取普通肝素3 000 u靜脈注射,利用環(huán)狀標(biāo)測電極和EnSite3000三維立體標(biāo)測系統(tǒng)在左心耳內(nèi)部和左房內(nèi)左下、左上、右下、右上肺靜脈開口及內(nèi)部行幾何學(xué)構(gòu)建。完整、閉合環(huán)狀線性圍繞左、右上下肺靜脈消融。在上述消融基礎(chǔ)上,分別再對左房峽部、上下肺靜脈間、上腔靜脈與右房峽部、右房連接處消融。取抗心律失常藥在消融后繼續(xù)口服2個(gè)月。手術(shù)后前3 d取低分子肝素進(jìn)行抗凝治療,維持INR在2~3。術(shù)后行12個(gè)月隨訪,對患者自覺癥狀改善情況、有無房顫復(fù)發(fā)、心律失常情況進(jìn)行觀察記錄。
相較術(shù)前,患者術(shù)后均覺心悸癥狀持續(xù)時(shí)間及發(fā)作持?jǐn)?shù)明顯
改善。術(shù)后1 d有陣發(fā)性房顫發(fā)作5例,采用胺碘酮藥物轉(zhuǎn)復(fù)后,取胺碘酮維持劑量長期口服,行1年隨訪,房顫持續(xù)明顯減少,經(jīng)二次射頻消融治療治愈。術(shù)后有頻發(fā)房早15例,口服抗心律失常藥,隨訪2個(gè)月,房早(155±71)個(gè),12個(gè)月時(shí)為(54±16)個(gè),自覺癥狀明顯改善。手術(shù)中有心包填塞出現(xiàn)4例,均采用外科手術(shù)治療,達(dá)治愈效果。
分析房顫病發(fā)原因,多與局灶驅(qū)動(dòng)伴顫動(dòng)樣傳導(dǎo)相關(guān),在驅(qū)動(dòng)和異位過程中,可能有肺靜脈異位快速激動(dòng)點(diǎn)的參與。目前,導(dǎo)管射頻電隔離肺靜脈為較為常用的消融手段,主要有兩種肺靜脈電隔離的策略,一為對所有肺靜脈口分別消融,發(fā)揮左心房肺靜脈完全雙向隔離效果;二是僅隔離局灶驅(qū)動(dòng)肺靜脈,手術(shù)達(dá)91%成功率,僅有15%病例需再次實(shí)施消融操作。為防肺靜脈狹窄等不良事件發(fā)生,可應(yīng)用左、右側(cè)肺靜脈前庭外線性、雙環(huán)形消融法,消融線分別對單側(cè)上、下肺靜脈包繞,進(jìn)而提高消融成功率[1-2]。
鑒于陣發(fā)性房顫主要發(fā)生機(jī)制源于肺靜脈和胸腔其他靜脈觸發(fā)灶,故單對胸腔內(nèi)形成的心律失常靜脈消融手段對大部分陣發(fā)性房顫病例有效。相較單純環(huán)肺靜脈隔離,陣發(fā)性房顫病例中,環(huán)肺靜脈隔離結(jié)合左心房線性消融有較高的房性心律失常率,但就持續(xù)性房顫病例而言,單對肺靜脈觸發(fā)灶消除是不行的,還需對左心耳、左心房間隔等處碎裂電位消融,對房顫的發(fā)作有終止效果。持續(xù)性房顫病例多在對左心房碎裂電位消融后,房顫終止,表明左心房電位的不均一和離散的狀態(tài)在持續(xù)性房顫的維持中有所參與[3]。本次研究選取的病例,相較術(shù)前,患者術(shù)后均覺心悸癥狀持續(xù)時(shí)間及發(fā)作持?jǐn)?shù)明顯改善。術(shù)后1 d有陣發(fā)性房顫發(fā)作5例,采用胺碘酮藥物轉(zhuǎn)復(fù)后,取胺碘酮維持劑量長期口服,行1年隨訪,仍有反復(fù)發(fā)作的陣發(fā)生房顫,但心悸等不適癥狀改善,持續(xù)明顯減少,經(jīng)二次射頻消融治療治愈。
綜上,針對持續(xù)性房顫,在CARTO三維立體電標(biāo)測指導(dǎo)下,實(shí)施環(huán)肺靜脈消融治療,可獲得理想預(yù)后,為治愈提供有力的保障作用。
參考文獻(xiàn)
[1]黃志華,李平,劉廣交,等. 經(jīng)導(dǎo)管射頻消融治療老年持續(xù)性心房顫動(dòng)的療效[J]. 中國老年學(xué)雜志,2013,33(15):3571-3573.
[2]荊朝輝,李明秋,榮曉松,等. 射頻消融迷宮手術(shù)治療長期持續(xù)性房顫[J]. 中國醫(yī)藥指南,2013(12):520-521.
[3]孫俊華,袁義強(qiáng),趙育潔,等. 持續(xù)心房顫動(dòng)伴心力衰竭患者的射頻消融治療[J]. 中國實(shí)用醫(yī)藥,2015,10(10):178-179.
doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-9308.2015.17.088
【文章編號(hào)】1674-9308(2015)17-0115-02
【文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)識(shí)碼】B
【中圖分類號(hào)】R541