翁亦齊,喻文立,杜洪印,賈莉莉,王菲,王永旺,盛明薇,于泳浩(天津醫(yī)科大學(xué)一中心臨床學(xué)院,天津3009;天津醫(yī)科大學(xué)總醫(yī)院)
烏司他丁預(yù)處理對(duì)新肝期親體肝移植術(shù)患兒心肌損傷的影響及機(jī)制探討
翁亦齊1,喻文立1,杜洪印1,賈莉莉1,王菲1,王永旺1,盛明薇1,于泳浩2
(1天津醫(yī)科大學(xué)一中心臨床學(xué)院,天津300192;2天津醫(yī)科大學(xué)總醫(yī)院)
摘要:目的觀察烏司他丁預(yù)處理對(duì)新肝期親體肝移植術(shù)患兒心肌損傷的影響,并探討其可能機(jī)制。方法擇期行親體肝移植術(shù)患兒30例,隨機(jī)分為觀察組和對(duì)照組各15例。觀察組將2萬(wàn)U/kg烏司他丁用生理鹽水稀釋至1萬(wàn)U/mL,分別于切皮前即刻和門(mén)靜脈開(kāi)放前5min各使用1/2劑量;對(duì)照組以等容量生理鹽水代替。分別于切皮前即刻(T0)、無(wú)肝期30min(T1)、新肝期3 h(T2)和術(shù)畢(T3)采集中心靜脈血,采用Access2電化學(xué)發(fā)光儀檢測(cè)血清心肌肌鈣蛋白I(cTnI)、肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB),LX-20型全自動(dòng)生化分析儀檢測(cè)乳酸脫氫酶(LDH)活性,ELISA法檢測(cè)血清腫瘤壞死因子α(TNF-α)、IL-6、IL-18。結(jié)果觀察組T0~T3時(shí)點(diǎn)cTnI水平分別為(0.043± 0.023)、(0.048±0.025)、(0.205±0.055)、(0.195±0.057)μg/L,CK-MB水平分別為(1.4±0.4)、(1.7±0.6)、(3.4±1.1)、(4.1±1.5)μg/L,LDH活性分別為(225±78)、(267±53)、(280±45)、(446±135)IU/L;對(duì)照組T0~T3時(shí)點(diǎn)cTnI水平分別為(0.046±0.027)、(0.051±0.027)、(0.378±0.084)、(0.326±0.082)μg/L,CK-MB水平分別為(1.6±0.5)、(1.9±0.5)、(4.2±0.8)、(5.3±1.7)μg/L,LDH活性分別為(254±85)、(275±75)、(339± 87)、(577±156)IU/L;兩組T2、T3時(shí)點(diǎn)分別與同組T0時(shí)點(diǎn)比較,P<0.05或0.01;觀察組T2、T3時(shí)點(diǎn)cTnI、CK-MB水平及LDH活性與對(duì)照組比較,P<0.05或0.01。觀察組T0~T3時(shí)點(diǎn)TNF-α水平分別為(34±10)、(38±11)、(142±45)、(121±41)pg/mL,IL-6水平分別為(65±21)、(70±24)、(85±23)、(102±33)pg/mL,IL-18水平分別為(16±4)、(18±6)、(60±21)、(114±43)pg/mL;對(duì)照組T0~T3時(shí)點(diǎn)TNF-α水平分別為(35±11)、(43±12)、(186±62)、(163±57)pg/mL,IL-6水平分別為(72±15)、(82±23)、(113±42)、(171±56)pg/mL,IL-18水平分別為(17±5)、(20±7)、(78±23)、(153±51)pg/mL;兩組T2、T3時(shí)點(diǎn)分別與同組T0時(shí)點(diǎn)比較,P<0.05或0.01;觀察組T2、T3時(shí)點(diǎn)TNF-α、IL-6、IL-18水平與對(duì)照組比較,P<0.05或0.01。結(jié)論烏司他丁預(yù)處理可在一定程度上減輕新肝期親體肝移植術(shù)患兒心肌損傷,其機(jī)制可能與抑制炎癥因子的過(guò)度釋放有關(guān)。
關(guān)鍵詞:烏司他丁;肝移植術(shù);炎癥因子;心肌損傷
Effect of ulinastatin preconditioning onmyocardial injury of pediatric patients undergoing living related liver transplantationduring neohepatic stage and itsmechanism
WENG Yi-qi1,YU Wen-li,DU Hong-yin,JIA Li-li,WANG Fei,WANG Yong-wang,
SHENGming-wei,YU Yong-hao
(1 First Center Clinical College of Tianjinmedical University,Tianjin 300192,China)
Abstract:Objective To investigate the effect of ulinastatin preconditioning onmyocardial injury of pediatric patients undergoing living related liver transplantation(LRLT)during neohepatic stage and itsmechanism.MethodsThirty children,scheduled for LRLT,were randomlydivided into two groups(n =15): the observation group and the control group.Ulinastatin 20 000 U/kg wasdiluted into 10 000 U/mL with normal saline and it was then injected intravenously in 2 parts(1/2 was injected before skin incision; 1/2 at 5min before portal veindeclamping)in the observation group.In the control group,the equal volume of normal saline was given instead of ulinastatin.Blood samples were taken from the central vein before skin incision(T0,baseline),at 30min after anhepatic phase(T1),3 h of neohepatic stage(T2)and the end
of surgery(T3)for thedetermination.The Access2 electrochemiluminescence instrument was used todetect serum cardiac troponin I(cTnI)and creatine kinase isoenzyme(CK-MB)concentrations.LX-20 type full automatic biochemical analyzer was used tomeasure the lactatedehydrogenase(LDH)activity.ELISAmethod was used todetect the levels of serum TNF-α,IL-6 and IL-18.Results The serum concentrations of cTnI were(0.043±0.023),(0.048±0.025),(0.205± 0.055)and(0.195±0.057)μg/L,the serum CK-MB concentrations were(1.4±0.4),(1.7±0.6),(3.4±1.1)and(4.1±1.5)μg/L,and the LDH activities were(225±78),(267±53),(280±45)and(446±135)IU/L at T0-3in the observation group.The serum cTnI concentrations were(0.046±0.027),(0.051±0.027),(0.378± 0.084),(0.326±0.082)μg/L,the serum CK-MB concentrations were(1.6±0.5),(1.9±0.5),(4.2±0.8)and(5.3±1.7)μg/L,and the LDH activities were(254±85),(275±75),(339±87)and(577±156)IU/L at T0-3in the control group.The serum cTnI,CK-MB concentrations and LDH activities were higher at T2-3than at T0in the two groups(P<0.05 or P<0.01).Compared with the control group,the serum cTnI,CK-MB concentrations and LDH activities at T2-3were significantlydecreased in the observation group(P<0.05 or P<0.01).The serum TNF-α levels were(34±10),(38±11),(142±45)and(121±41)pg/mL,the serum IL-6 levels were(65±21),(70±24),(85± 23)and(102±33)pg/mL,and the serum IL-18 levels were(16±4),(18±6),(60±21)and(114±43)pg/mL at T0-3in the observation group.The serum TNF-α levels were(35±11),(43±12),(186±62)and(163±57)pg/mL,the serum IL-6 levels were(72±15),(82±23),(113±42)and(171±56)pg/mL,and the serum IL-18 levels were(17±5),(20±7),(78±23)and(153±51)pg/mL at T0-3in the control group.The serum levels of TNF-α,IL-6 and IL-18 were higher at T2-3than at T0in the two groups(P<0.05 or P<0.01).Compared with the control group,the serum levels of TNF-α,IL-6 and IL-18 at T2-3were significantlydecreased in the observation group(P<0.05 or P<0.01).ConclusionUlinastatin preconditioning can alleviate cardiac injury in pediatric patients undergoing LRLT in a certain extent,whosemechanismmay be related to inhibiting the excessive release of inflammatory factors.
Key words:ulinastatin; liver transplantation; inflammatory factors;myocardial injury
肝移植術(shù)中門(mén)靜脈血流開(kāi)放是新肝期開(kāi)始的標(biāo)志,肝臟的缺血再灌注不僅導(dǎo)致肝損傷,還可引起心、肺等器官損傷[1]。肝移植患者心臟并發(fā)癥發(fā)生率可達(dá)11.7%,是術(shù)后患者死亡的主要原因之一[2]。烏司他丁是一種蛋白酶抑制劑,可有效減輕心臟手術(shù)患者的全身炎癥反應(yīng)和心肌損傷,但其對(duì)親體肝移植患兒的心肌保護(hù)作用有待進(jìn)一步探討[3]。本研究觀察了烏司他丁預(yù)處理對(duì)新肝期親體肝移植術(shù)患兒心肌損傷的影響,并探討其可能機(jī)制。
1.1臨床資料選擇2014年3月~2015年2月天津醫(yī)科大學(xué)一中心臨床學(xué)院收治的先天膽道閉鎖患兒30例。納入標(biāo)準(zhǔn):術(shù)前未合并先天性心臟病,心、肺、腎功能未見(jiàn)異常。所有患兒隨機(jī)分為兩組,觀察組15例,男8例,女7例;年齡(9.1±3.2)個(gè)月;體質(zhì)量(7.7±1.2)kg。對(duì)照組15例,男8例,女7例;年齡(8.2±2.3)個(gè)月;體質(zhì)量(7.5±1.4)kg。本研究已獲醫(yī)院倫理委員會(huì)批準(zhǔn),并與患者家屬簽署知情同意書(shū)。
1.2麻醉方法術(shù)前常規(guī)禁食、禁飲。入室前已建立外周靜脈通道,入室后常規(guī)監(jiān)測(cè)ECG和SpO2。麻醉誘導(dǎo):靜脈注射咪達(dá)唑侖0.15mg/kg、芬太尼2~5 μg/kg和苯磺順阿曲庫(kù)銨0.15mg/kg。氣管插管后行機(jī)械通氣,吸入氧濃度為50%~60%,潮氣量8~10mL/kg,呼吸頻率20~28次/min,吸呼比1.0∶1.5~2.0,維持PETCO230~35mmHg。于超聲引導(dǎo)下行右頸內(nèi)靜脈、橈動(dòng)脈穿刺術(shù)監(jiān)測(cè)中心靜脈壓(CVP)和上肢有創(chuàng)動(dòng)脈壓。麻醉維持:吸入1%~2%七氟醚,間斷靜注芬太尼1~3 μg/kg,靜注苯磺順阿曲庫(kù)銨1~2 μg/(kg·min)維持肌松。觀察組將2萬(wàn)U/kg烏司他丁用生理鹽水稀釋至1萬(wàn)U/mL,分別于切皮前即刻和門(mén)靜脈開(kāi)放前5min各使用1/2劑量;對(duì)照組于相同時(shí)間點(diǎn)給予等容量生理鹽水代替。所有患兒行非轉(zhuǎn)流背馱式肝移植術(shù),術(shù)中維持平均動(dòng)脈壓>60mmHg,CVP 6~8mmHg,Hb>80g/L,尿量>1mL/(kg·h),根據(jù)凝血功能情況輸注血漿。
1.3心肌損傷標(biāo)志物及炎癥因子檢測(cè)分別于切皮前即刻(T0)、無(wú)肝期30min(T1)、新肝期3 h(T2)和術(shù)畢(T3)采集中心靜脈血,室溫下以3 000 r/min離心15min,取血清,置于-80℃冰箱保存。心肌損傷標(biāo)志物檢測(cè):采用Access2電化學(xué)發(fā)光儀(Beckman Coulter公司,美國(guó))檢測(cè)血清心肌肌鈣蛋白I(cTnI)和肌酸激酶同工酶(CK-MB),LX-20型全自動(dòng)生化分析儀(Beckman Coulter公司,美國(guó))檢測(cè)乳酸脫氫酶(LDH)活性。炎癥因子檢測(cè):采用ELISA法檢測(cè)血清腫瘤壞死因子α(TNF-α)、IL-6、
IL-18。
1.4統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)方法采用SPSS19.0統(tǒng)計(jì)軟件。計(jì)量資料以珋x±s表示,組內(nèi)比較采用重復(fù)測(cè)量設(shè)計(jì)的方差分析,組間比較采用成組t檢驗(yàn)。P<0.05為差異有統(tǒng)計(jì)學(xué)意義。
2.1兩組cTnI、CK-MB水平及LDH活性比較結(jié)果見(jiàn)表1。
表1 兩組cTnI、CK-MB水平及LDH活性比較()
表1 兩組cTnI、CK-MB水平及LDH活性比較()
注:與同組T0時(shí)點(diǎn)比較,*P<0.05,ΔP<0.01;與對(duì)照組比較,▲P<0.05,#P<0.01。
組別 n cTnI(μg/L) CK-MB(μg/L)LDH活性(IU/L)觀察組15 T0 0.043±0.023 1.4±0.4 225±78 T1 0.048±0.025 1.7±0.6 267±53 T2 0.205±0.055Δ# 3.4±1.1Δ▲ 280±45*▲T3 0.195±0.057Δ# 4.1±1.5Δ▲ 446±135Δ▲對(duì)照組 15 T0 0.046±0.027 1.6±0.5 254±85 T1 0.051±0.027 1.9±0.5 275±75 T2 0.378±0.084Δ 4.2±0.8Δ 339±87*T3 0.326±0.082Δ 5.3±1.7Δ 577±156Δ
2.2兩組血清TNF-α、IL-6、IL-18水平比較結(jié)果見(jiàn)表2。
表2 兩組血清TNF-α、IL-6、IL-18水平比較(pg/mL,)
表2 兩組血清TNF-α、IL-6、IL-18水平比較(pg/mL,)
注:與同組T0時(shí)點(diǎn)比較,*P<0.05,ΔP<0.01;與對(duì)照組比較,▲P<0.05,#P<0.01。
組別 n TNF-αIL-6 IL-18觀察組15 T0 34±10 65±21 16±4 T1 38±11 70±24 18±6 T2 142±45Δ▲ 85±23*▲ 60±21Δ▲T3 121±41Δ▲ 102±33Δ# 114±43Δ▲對(duì)照組 15 T0 35±11 72±15 17±5 T1 43±12 82±23 20±7 T2 186±62Δ 113±42Δ 78±23ΔT3 163±57Δ 171±56Δ 153±51Δ
肝移植術(shù)中當(dāng)受體的肝上下腔靜脈、肝下下腔靜脈、門(mén)靜脈分別與供體相應(yīng)血管吻合完畢后,血管開(kāi)放進(jìn)入新肝期,這一過(guò)程必然存在肝臟缺血再灌注。研究[4]表明,肝缺血再灌注可刺激TNF-α和IL-6產(chǎn)生,而產(chǎn)生的這些促炎細(xì)胞因子又可加重肝損傷。TNF-α是一種強(qiáng)效多功能性細(xì)胞因子,主要由激活的巨噬細(xì)胞、中性粒細(xì)胞、內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞及淋巴細(xì)胞分泌,通過(guò)與靶細(xì)胞膜上的特異性受體結(jié)合發(fā)揮作用,在炎癥反應(yīng)過(guò)程中起重要作用[5,6]。IL-6也是一種多功能細(xì)胞因子,主要由單核巨噬細(xì)胞、活化的T細(xì)胞、成纖維細(xì)胞和血管內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞等產(chǎn)生,被認(rèn)為是機(jī)體應(yīng)激反應(yīng)中最敏感的一種介導(dǎo)物和標(biāo)志物,在誘導(dǎo)肝臟合成急性期反應(yīng)蛋白中起重要作用[7]。IL-18是一種由活化的單核細(xì)胞、巨噬細(xì)胞和樹(shù)突細(xì)胞產(chǎn)生的細(xì)胞因子,肝臟缺血再灌注可激活炎癥通路,導(dǎo)致IL-18水平升高[8]。動(dòng)物實(shí)驗(yàn)表明,IL-18可引起肝缺血再灌注之后的遠(yuǎn)隔器官損傷,其機(jī)制可能與抑制抗炎細(xì)胞因子的生成有關(guān)[9]。
cTnI和CK-MB有助于心肌損傷的早期診斷,均是心肌損傷的重要標(biāo)志物[10,11]。當(dāng)心肌細(xì)胞損傷后,cTnI和CK-MB釋放進(jìn)入血液循環(huán),血清cTnI 和CK-MB水平于心肌損傷后4~6 h升高,12~24 h達(dá)到峰值。LDH活性是反映缺血再灌注損傷的重要指標(biāo)[12]。炎癥因子的過(guò)度釋放與心肌損傷具有密切關(guān)系。Marfella等[13]發(fā)現(xiàn),TNF-α可通過(guò)誘導(dǎo)血管內(nèi)皮細(xì)胞和心肌細(xì)胞內(nèi)一氧化氮合酶過(guò)度表達(dá),導(dǎo)致NO大量生成,細(xì)胞膜發(fā)生脂質(zhì)過(guò)氧化反應(yīng),膜完整性被破壞,造成組織細(xì)胞損傷。一些臨床試驗(yàn)也證實(shí),通過(guò)抑制TNF-α和IL-6水平升高,可使心衰患者左室結(jié)構(gòu)和功能得到明顯改善[14,15]。IL-18能強(qiáng)烈誘導(dǎo)T細(xì)胞和自然殺傷細(xì)胞產(chǎn)生IFN-γ,后者可直接影響心肌收縮力,使左室射血分?jǐn)?shù)下降,引起心動(dòng)過(guò)速及低血壓,導(dǎo)致心功能不全[16,17]。IL-18可促進(jìn)IL-1及TNF-α等促炎因子的產(chǎn)生,這些促炎因子可抑制心肌收縮力、促進(jìn)心肌細(xì)胞凋亡,最終導(dǎo)致心力衰竭的發(fā)生[18]。
烏司他丁可抑制炎癥介質(zhì)的過(guò)度釋放,改善微循環(huán)、組織灌注,抑制全身炎癥反應(yīng),具有較強(qiáng)的臟器功能保護(hù)作用[3,19]。王焰斌等[3]研究表明,烏司他丁后處理可下調(diào)TNF-α及其受體表達(dá),抑制體外循環(huán)下心臟瓣膜置換術(shù)患者心肌細(xì)胞凋亡。彭娜等[20]研究表明,大劑量的烏司他丁可以使膿毒癥大鼠血清cTnI水平下降,并能減少心肌組織內(nèi)TNF-α和內(nèi)皮素1水平,從而減輕炎癥因子對(duì)心肌的損傷。動(dòng)物實(shí)驗(yàn)證實(shí),烏司他丁有下調(diào)IL-6、IL-8、TNF-αmRNA表達(dá)的作用[21]。烏司他丁對(duì)肝缺血再灌注損傷具有明顯的保護(hù)作用,并能夠抑制大鼠肝缺血再灌注對(duì)IL-18的過(guò)度表達(dá)[22]。本研究顯示,觀察組T2、T3時(shí)點(diǎn)cTnI、CK-MB水平及LDH活性較同組T0時(shí)點(diǎn)升高,但較對(duì)照組降低,說(shuō)明親體肝移植術(shù)患兒新肝期存在一定程度的心肌損傷。本研究還顯示,觀察組T2、T3時(shí)點(diǎn)TNF-α、IL-6、IL-18水平較同組T0時(shí)點(diǎn)升高,但較對(duì)照組降低,表明烏司他丁預(yù)處理可明顯抑制炎癥因子的釋放,減輕全身炎癥反應(yīng)。
總之,烏司他丁預(yù)處理可在一定程度上減輕新肝期親體肝移植術(shù)患兒心肌損傷,其機(jī)理可能與抑
制炎癥細(xì)胞因子的過(guò)度釋放、減輕全身炎癥反應(yīng)有關(guān)。
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收稿日期:( 2015-04-17)
通信作者簡(jiǎn)介:喻文立(1972-),男,博士,主任醫(yī)師,主要研究方向?yàn)槠鞴俦Wo(hù)。E-mail: yzxyuwenli@163.com
作者簡(jiǎn)介:第一翁亦齊(1976-),男,博士,副主任醫(yī)師,主要研究方向?yàn)樾呐K保護(hù)。E-mail: wyqhyd@126.com
基金項(xiàng)目:天津市科委應(yīng)用基礎(chǔ)研究計(jì)劃面上項(xiàng)目(05YFJMJC14800);天津市衛(wèi)生局科技基金資助項(xiàng)目(2011KY12,12KG101,13KG105)。
文章編號(hào):1002-266X(2015)35-0001-04
文獻(xiàn)標(biāo)志碼:A
中圖分類(lèi)號(hào):R575
doi:10.3969/j.issn.1002-266X.2015.35.001