山東 逄琳琳

閱讀理解七選五滿分攻略

山東 逄琳琳

對(duì)七選五型閱讀理解的認(rèn)識(shí)，很多考生感覺要比常規(guī)閱讀理解難以突破得多。因?yàn)楹芏鄷r(shí)候，填錯(cuò)一處地方，可能會(huì)導(dǎo)致多處選項(xiàng)連環(huán)出錯(cuò)。事實(shí)上，七選五題型注重考查考生對(duì)篇章的整體理解，對(duì)上下文邏輯和語境的把握?？忌谧鲱}時(shí)如果多從這些方面去思考和分析，對(duì)備考將會(huì)有極大的幫助。該題型的設(shè)題分主題句設(shè)題和段內(nèi)邏輯關(guān)系設(shè)題兩種，本文就這兩種題目類型提出有針對(duì)性的解題方法，幫助考生突破七選五閱讀障礙，爭(zhēng)取拿到滿分。

一、主題句題目選擇

1.要點(diǎn)式主題句選擇

一般來講，七選五閱讀理解的體裁多是說明文和議論文，從形式上又可分為列要點(diǎn)和不列要點(diǎn)兩種。2015年全國(guó)卷I中的七選五就是列要點(diǎn)文章而卷Ⅱ則是不列要點(diǎn)文章。拿過一篇文章，要先看是哪種文章。列要點(diǎn)文章多數(shù)有3～4個(gè)要點(diǎn)，再加前文和結(jié)語。通常情況下，要點(diǎn)題有1～2個(gè)，做這類題目，一定要先觀察不設(shè)空的其他要點(diǎn)的句式結(jié)構(gòu)，因?yàn)闉楸３治恼碌恼R，思維的清晰，多數(shù)作者在要點(diǎn)處都會(huì)選擇同樣的句式。要點(diǎn)式主題句題往往是七選五題目中最為簡(jiǎn)單的題目，可先做出選擇，以減輕其他題目的選擇壓力。

【考例】（節(jié)選自2016屆廣東省高三英語第一次摸底四校聯(lián)考試卷）

Knowing Yourself

What are your interests? Abilities? Skills?_17_The results may surprise you! These can be useful，but theyr’e not the last word.

Investigating

Investigating occupations is much more difficult. For most people，there isn’t just one “right” job，but several that could be satisfying._18_Talk to people who have occupations that interest you. Find out what they like and dislike about their job.

_1___9

Many people choose their careers because they believe strongly in a particular cause. Some might choose to work in areas like medicine，charity or environmental protection. Some have a strong interest in history or a love for the arts. _20_So in cases like these，the field is often chosen first，rather than the occupation itself. So if you’ve chosen a field，self-assessment will help you find your place in it. Invest some time and effort，and find the right career for you.

A. Try a self-assessment quiz.

B. Search through books and web sites.

C. Finding your place.

D. But it can also bring a lot of uncertainty and confusion.

E. Serious research helps narrow the possibilities.

F. Research your chosen field carefully. What work needs to be done? What training is needed?

G. Then they might think about education，museums or art production.

【分析及對(duì)策】觀察上文第19題，此空是一處要點(diǎn)題，且單獨(dú)存在于一段落。觀察上文兩處要點(diǎn)，句式都是doing開頭，據(jù)此可從選項(xiàng)中找到有相同句式的C項(xiàng)。但不能因此就馬上做決定，要結(jié)合下文意思看是否是說找到自己的正確位置的，才能確定選C項(xiàng)。

2.非要點(diǎn)式主題句選擇

但是也有許多文章不是以要點(diǎn)列舉的形式呈現(xiàn)的，即便是以要點(diǎn)形式呈現(xiàn)也可能未采用相同的句式，考生帶著選項(xiàng)回看文章會(huì)發(fā)現(xiàn)無相同句式可以查找比對(duì)。這種情況也不是無從入手，因?yàn)檫@類題目多數(shù)位于段首，是一段落的主題句所在的位置。做題時(shí)只需領(lǐng)悟本段大意，分析好本段主題即可輕松做對(duì)。

【考例】（節(jié)選自2015全國(guó)卷I）

●_38_Having confidence in yourself will help you make better choices because you can see what the best outcome would be for your well-being.

●_39_If you’ve been betrayed，you are the victim of your circumstance. But there’s a difference between being a victim and living with a “victim mentality”. At some point in all of our lives，we’ll have our trust tested or violated.

●You didn’t lose “everything”. Once trust is lost，what is left? Instead of looking at the situation from this hopeless angle，look at everything you still have and be thankfulfor all of the good in your life._40_Instead，it’s a healthy way to work through the experience to allow room for positive growth and forgiveness.

A. Learn to really trust yourself.

B. It is putting confidence in someone.

C. Stop regarding yourself as the victim.

D. Remember that you can expect the best in return.

E. They’ve been too badly hurt and they can’t bear to let it happen again.

F. This knowledge carries over in their attitude toward their future relationships.

G. Seeing the positive side of things doesn’t mean you’re ignoring what happened.

【分析及對(duì)策】觀察上文三段內(nèi)容，可發(fā)現(xiàn)第38、39題和第三段的第一句都是段首句。就第三段而言，每段段首句都是本段的主題句。結(jié)合第一段的主題是說明信任自己的好處，所以第38題應(yīng)選A.Learn to really trust yourself。第二段是說受害人和帶著受害人的心態(tài)生活是不一樣的，主題應(yīng)是鼓勵(lì)人們不要把自己當(dāng)犧牲品，故第39題應(yīng)選C.Stop regarding yourself as the victim。

二、段內(nèi)邏輯關(guān)系題選擇

1.意義聯(lián)系題

除主題句選擇外，七選五閱讀中另一類題目是考查考生是否對(duì)上下文的邏輯關(guān)系有一個(gè)好的把握。這類試題大概有三種。第一種是意義聯(lián)系題。比如上文提到兩個(gè)名詞，下文進(jìn)行解釋，結(jié)果還沒說第一點(diǎn)，直接就繞到第二點(diǎn)上面去了，這時(shí)就需要根據(jù)前面的線索，理清前面那條講的是什么。

【考例】（節(jié)選自2015～2016山東省菏澤市高三英語一模試卷）

Another way to fight laziness is to change your mind from passive to active._37_Others take a more proactive（積極主動(dòng)的） approach，viewing each task as a challenge they must overcome alone. Laziness sets in when you no longer feel in charge of your own life.

A. Complete a few tasks and reward yourself with what you enjoy，such as a good dinner or a film.

B. Laziness can also be a lasting problem at home.

C. One way to fight laziness is to get enough sleep.

D. Knowing how to fight laziness is important.

E. Some people treat their lives as if they were pushed from task to task.

F. With strong determination，you will be able to achieve your goal.

G. Enough exercise and a balanced diet can help you to develop a healthy lifestyle.

【分析及對(duì)策】分析上文第37題，此空出現(xiàn)在兩句中間，其后一句的主語是“others”。一般前面出現(xiàn)“some+n.”時(shí)后面常跟著出現(xiàn)others，所以找選項(xiàng)時(shí)可有目的地向這個(gè)方向靠攏。此題在選項(xiàng)中找到“some people”作主語的E項(xiàng)，又結(jié)合文意可知，是用E項(xiàng)和后句進(jìn)行對(duì)比，說明消極和積極的態(tài)度，故選E項(xiàng)。

2.關(guān)聯(lián)詞題

第二種是關(guān)聯(lián)詞題。作者在論述一種觀點(diǎn)時(shí)，采用了舉例子、正反對(duì)比論證等多種論述方法，這時(shí)可能就會(huì)出現(xiàn)各種關(guān)聯(lián)詞，如for example，however，therefore，but，also，besides 等。這些有特殊意義的關(guān)聯(lián)詞可能出現(xiàn)在設(shè)題中，也可能出現(xiàn)在設(shè)題的前句和后句中。做題時(shí)如能反復(fù)讀題，深刻挖掘這些關(guān)聯(lián)詞的內(nèi)涵，往往會(huì)有出其不意的效果。

【考例】（節(jié)選自2016屆湖南省岳陽市第一中學(xué)高三第一次模擬考試英語試卷）

◆Making your life more interesting.

Think about some stressful situation that we consciously put ourselves in to make life more interesting and enjoyable，like asking someone out on a first date，conquering a known fear，or learning something new. These may not immediately come to mind when you think of stress because of the positive outcomes._40_

A. You need a healthy immune system to help fight off diseases.

B. But handled properly，stress can have many benefits for the body and mind.

C. Helping you get an advantage at work.

D. That’s one way your brain responds to stress.

E. This will happen whenever you are stressed.

F. But they’re the types that can help you achieve fulfillment and happiness.

G. Helping you get through difficult times.

【分析及對(duì)策】分析上文中第40題前面的內(nèi)容，“may not immediately”值得引起注意，因?yàn)閺恼Z氣上看，它的后句很容易引起轉(zhuǎn)折。觀察選項(xiàng)可發(fā)現(xiàn)有兩個(gè)以“But”開頭的選項(xiàng)，所以根據(jù)本段主旨“讓你做一些略有壓力的事，雖然不能立即有好的效果，但最終你會(huì)收獲成功”可知，應(yīng)選F項(xiàng)。

3.特殊詞匯題

第三種是特殊詞匯題。在設(shè)題空白處的前后往往出現(xiàn)特別意義的詞，我們稱之為線索詞，例如本段內(nèi)重復(fù)出現(xiàn)的關(guān)鍵詞，同義詞和近義詞，代詞（they，this，that，these，those）等。如果抓住這些線索詞，善加利用，考生的選擇也會(huì)事半功倍。

【考例】（節(jié)選自2014全國(guó)卷I）

The jobs of the future have not yet been invented. _36_By helping them develop classic skills that will serve them well no matter what the future holds.

A. Encourage kids to cook with you.

B. And we can’t forget science education.

C. We can give kids chances to think about materials in new ways.

D. So how can we help our kids prepare for jobs that don’t yet exist?

E. Gardening is another great activity for helping kids develop this skill.

F. We can do this in real life or ask questions about characters in stories.

G. Being able to communicate ideas in a meaningful way is a valuable skill.

【分析及對(duì)策】第36題后有一個(gè)代詞“them”，指代上文當(dāng)中的一個(gè)具體的名詞。根據(jù)下文句意可知，其不可指代上文中的“the jobs”。在這種情況下，36題中必須含有一個(gè)下文中“them”指代的合適的詞。結(jié)合下文的“幫助孩子發(fā)展傳統(tǒng)技能”和本文中心可知，孩子應(yīng)是“them”指代的內(nèi)容。此時(shí)會(huì)有ACD三個(gè)選項(xiàng)選擇，又結(jié)合上下文語境可知，D項(xiàng)最合適。

綜上，七選五閱讀并非我們想象的那般可怕?？忌灰谧鲱}過程中認(rèn)真審題，始終牢記任何一個(gè)段落都服從于文章主旨，任何段內(nèi)句子都服從于本段主旨，注重從整體上把握文章脈絡(luò)，梳理篇章邏輯和段內(nèi)邏輯關(guān)系，那么這道題一定會(huì)做得不錯(cuò)。另外，要特別注重本文中提到的各種題型的不同做法，對(duì)提到的各種特殊詞匯要具備足夠的敏感度，做完后能夠整體閱讀文章來確認(rèn)是否通順，那么這道題拿滿分還是非常有把握的。

（作者單位：山東省高密市第三中學(xué)）